scholarly journals Simulation of Extreme Hydrometeorological Events under Tropical Conditions Using a Distributed Hydrological Model

10.29007/qht4 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Patricia Ibarra-Zavaleta ◽  
Annie Poulin ◽  
Mariana Castañeda-Gonzalez ◽  
Rosario Landgrave ◽  
Rabindranarth Romero-Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Calibration Process ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Streamflow Simulation

Change in climatic conditions worldwide has increased the frequency and severity of extreme hydrometeorological events (EHEs). Mexico is an example of this: the country has been affected by the occurrence of EHEs leading to important economic, social, and environmental losses. The objective of this investigation was to apply a Canadian Distributed Hydrological Model (DHM) to tropical conditions, and to evaluate its capacity to simulate flows in a basin in the central Gulf of Mexico. Additionally, we used this calibrated and validated DHM to predict streamflow before the occurence of an EHEs. The results of the DHM show satisfactory goodness-of-fit indicators between the observed and simulated flows in the calibration process (NSE=0.83, RSR=0.41 and BIAS=-4.3), as well as its validation (NSE=0.775, RSR=0.4735 and BIAS=2.45). The DHM showed its applicability to streamflow simulation and confirmed a reliable efficiency in the modeling of thirteen EHEs (NSE=0.78 ± 0.13, RSR=0.46 ± 0.14, and PBIAS=-0.48 ± 7.5). DHM can serve as a tool to identify vulnerabilities before floods and assist in devising more rational and sustainable management of water resources.

scholarly journals Impacts of Introducing Remote Sensing Soil Moisture in Calibrating a Distributed Hydrological Model for Streamflow Simulation

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua Xiong ◽  
Ling Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Soil Moisture Data ◽  
Streamflow Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hydrological Variables ◽  
Streamflow Simulation

With the increased availability of remote sensing products, more hydrological variables (e.g., soil moisture and evapotranspiration) other than streamflow data are introduced into the calibration procedure of a hydrological model. However, how the incorporation of these hydrological variables influences the calibration results remains unclear. This study aims to analyze the impact of remote sensing soil moisture data in the joint calibration of a distributed hydrological model. The investigation was carried out in Qujiang and Ganjiang catchments in southern China, where the Dem-based Distributed Rainfall-runoff Model (DDRM) was calibrated under different calibration schemes where the streamflow data and the remote sensing soil moisture are assigned to different weights in the objective function. The remote sensing soil moisture data are from the SMAP L3 soil moisture product. The results show that different weights of soil moisture in the objective function can lead to very slight differences in simulation performance of soil moisture and streamflow. Besides, the joint calibration shows no apparent advantages in terms of streamflow simulation over the traditional calibration using streamflow data only. More studies including various remote sensing soil moisture products are necessary to access their effect on the joint calibration.

Prediction of Surface Water Resources in Danjiangkou Basin Based on ESP and Distributed Hydrological Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruifang Yuan ◽  
Siyu Cai ◽  
Weihong Liao
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Danjiangkou Reservoir ◽  
Wetspa Model ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Verification Period

<p> The prediction of surface water resources in the Danjiangkou Basin is of great significance for the design of the water transfer plans for the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. However, it is difficult to obtain high-precision simulations for mid- and long-term hydrological forecasting. Based on the thought of extended streamflow prediction (ESP) and distributed hydrological models, this paper proposed a set of forecasting systems for predicting the annual surface water resources in the Danjiangkou Basin. Firstly,  the Wetspa model  was established to forecast the inflow of Danjiangkou reservoir. The Nash efficiency coefficients of the monthly average runoff during the calibration period (2006-2012) and verification period (2013-2016) were 0.97 and 0.95, respectively. Secondly, it was assumed that the rainfall of 2017 could be predicted by the rainfall forecasting model, then the rainfall process was obtained based on the ESP and the runoff process of the basin outlet was calculated through the Wetspa model. Finally, the predicted surface water resources of the Danjiangkou Basin in 2017 was 45.448 billion m<sup>3</sup>, and the actual surface water resources is 40.395 billion m<sup>3</sup>, with a relative error of 12.51%. The results showed that the prediction of surface water resources in Danjiangkou Basin based on ESP and distributed hydrological model could provide a certain reference for the design of water transfer plans of the Danjiangkou Reservoir.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>Water resources prediction; ESP; Wetspa model; Nash coefficient</p>

scholarly journals Simulating Typhoon Floods with Gauge Data and Mesoscale-Modeled Rainfall in a Mountainous Watershed

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Hsu Li ◽  
Ming-Jen Yang ◽  
Ruitang Soong ◽  
Hsiao-Ling Huang
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Mountainous Watershed ◽  
Gauge Data

Abstract A physically based distributed hydrological model was applied to simulate typhoon floods over a mountainous watershed in Taiwan. The meteorological forcings include the observed gauge rainfall data and the predicted rainfall data from a mesoscale meteorological model, the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU–NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5). This study investigates the flood responses of three Typhoons: Zeb (1998), Nari (2001), and Herb (1996), which possessed unique meteorological features and that all produced severe floods. The predicted basin-averaged rainfall hydrographs by the MM5 are compared with that interpreted by rain gauge data to reveal the discrepancies in rainfall peak amounts and time lags, and to explore their subsequent effects on flood generation. The simulated flood hydrographs at the Hsia-Yun station, which is upstream of the Shihmen Reservoir, are compared with observed flood discharges in terms of the amount and time lag of flood peaks. It is shown that the small discrepancy in rainfall peaks and phase lags could be significantly amplified in simulated flood responses of a mountainous watershed. The overall predictive skill of the distributed hydrological model with different rainfall inputs is examined with three parameters, which include the runoff ratio (RR), root-mean-square error (rmse), and goodness of fit (GOF). Although the runoff ratio for the MM5-predicted rainfall is superior to that for the observed gauge rainfall, the simulated hydrographs with observed gauge rainfall have smaller rmse and GOF values for three events. This study shows that the error in flood prediction with the mesoscale-modeled rainfall is mainly caused by the rainfall–peak difference, which arises from the inherent uncertainties in the mesoscale-modeled rainfalls over a mountainous terrain during the typhoon landfall periods.

scholarly journals Study on the Applicability of the Hargreaves Potential Evapotranspiration Estimation Method in CREST Distributed Hydrological Model (Version 3.0) Applications

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhansheng Li ◽  
Yuan Yang ◽  
Guangyuan Kan ◽  
Yang Hong
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Model Version ◽  
Streamflow Simulation ◽  
Ganjiang River Basin

The potential evapotranspiration (PET) is an important input to the hydrological model and its compatibility has an important influence on the model applications. The applicability of the Hargreaves-Samani (HS) PET estimation method in Coupled Routing and Excess STorage distributed hydrological model version 3.0 (CREST 3.0 model) was studied in a typical humid region, Ganjiang River Basin, in Southern China. The PET estimation methods were evaluated based on the streamflow simulation accuracies using the CREST 3.0 model driven by different PET products with various spatial resolutions. The Penman-Monteith (PM) equation-based PET estimation method was adopted as the reference PET estimation method in this study. The results demonstrated that PET obtained from the HS method was larger than that generated by the PM method, and the CREST 3.0 model driven by both HS and PM-based PET products can simulate the streamflow temporal variations equally well in annual time scale. Compared with the PM method, the HS method was more stable and robust in driving CREST 3.0 model under the scenarios of different spatial resolutions. In addition, during the validation period (2007–2009) with 2003–2006 as the calibration period, the HS outperformed PM considering the streamflow simulation accuracy. Therefore, the HS method was not only applicable to CREST 3.0 model with flexible spatial resolutions, but also can be an alternative method to PM method in CREST 3.0 model streamflow simulation applications in Ganjiang River Basin. The study results will not only increase the confidence on the applicability of the HS method in hydrological simulation in Ganjiang River Basin, but also prove the flexibility of CREST 3.0 model in terms of PET input, which will expand the application range of the CREST 3.0 model.

scholarly journals Assessment of surface water resources availability using catchment modelling and the results of tracer studies in the mesoscale Migina Catchment, Rwanda

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 5289-5301 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Munyaneza ◽  
A. Mukubwa ◽  
S. Maskey ◽  
S. Uhlenbrook ◽  
J. Wenninger
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Water Resources Planning ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Hydrograph Separation ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Streamflow Data ◽  
Resources Planning

Abstract. In the present study, we developed a catchment hydrological model which can be used to inform water resources planning and decision making for better management of the Migina Catchment (257.4 km2). The semi-distributed hydrological model HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Engineering Center – the Hydrologic Modelling System) (version 3.5) was used with its soil moisture accounting, unit hydrograph, liner reservoir (for baseflow) and Muskingum–Cunge (river routing) methods. We used rainfall data from 12 stations and streamflow data from 5 stations, which were collected as part of this study over a period of 2 years (May 2009 and June 2011). The catchment was divided into five sub-catchments. The model parameters were calibrated separately for each sub-catchment using the observed streamflow data. Calibration results obtained were found acceptable at four stations with a Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency index (NS) of 0.65 on daily runoff at the catchment outlet. Due to the lack of sufficient and reliable data for longer periods, a model validation was not undertaken. However, we used results from tracer-based hydrograph separation from a previous study to compare our model results in terms of the runoff components. The model performed reasonably well in simulating the total flow volume, peak flow and timing as well as the portion of direct runoff and baseflow. We observed considerable disparities in the parameters (e.g. groundwater storage) and runoff components across the five sub-catchments, which provided insights into the different hydrological processes on a sub-catchment scale. We conclude that such disparities justify the need to consider catchment subdivisions if such parameters and components of the water cycle are to form the base for decision making in water resources planning in the catchment.

scholarly journals Projected impacts of climate change on groundwater and stormflow in a humid, tropical catchment in the Ugandan Upper Nile Basin

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1913-1944 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Kingston ◽  
R. G. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Sensitivity ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Nile Basin ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Global Mean ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract. The changing availability of freshwater resources is likely to be one of the most important consequences of projected 21st century climate change for both human and natural systems. However, substantial uncertainty remains regarding the precise impacts of climate change on water resources, due in part to uncertainty in GCM projections of climate change. Here we explore the potential impacts of climate change on water resources in a humid, tropical catchment (the River Mitano) in the Upper Nile Basin of Uganda. Uncertainty associated with GCM structure and climate sensitivity is explored, as well as from parameter specification within hydrological models. This is achieved by running pattern-scaled GCM output through a semi-distributed hydrological model (developed using SWAT) of the catchment. Importantly, use of pattern-scaled GCM output allows investigation of specific thresholds of global climate change including the purported 2 °C threshold of "dangerous" climate change. In-depth analysis of results based on HadCM3 climate scenarios shows that annual river discharge first increases, then declines with rising global mean air temperature. A coincidental shift from a bimodal to unimodal discharge regime also results from a projected reduction in baseflow (groundwater discharge). Both of these changes occur after a 4 °C rise in global mean air temperature. These results are, however, highly GCM dependent in both the magnitude and direction of change. This dependence stems primarily from projected differences in GCM scenario precipitation rather than temperature. GCM-related uncertainty is far greater than that associated with climate sensitivity or hydrological model parameterisation.

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