scholarly journals Simulation Speedup in OMNeT++ Using Contact Traces

10.29007/s5q1 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thenuka Karunathilake ◽  
Asanga Udugama ◽  
Anna Förster
Keyword(s):  
Mobility Model ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Contact Information ◽  
Additional Step ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Real Trace ◽  
Network Simulations ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Simulation Environments

The IoT influence is growing rapidly and it is expected that in the near future the number of connected IoT nodes will be in billions. Mobility of nodes is a key aspect in the IoT and network simulations are used to evaluate the performance of IoT networks with mobility. The increasing number of nodes will affect simulation environments by in- creasing the number of nodes per simulation and these simulations will require a long time to complete. So, techniques to reduce the time consumed in simulations are important. A possible technique is the use of contact traces when simulating mobility. A contact trace differs from a real trace or a synthetic mobility model in that, it deals with contact information instead of coordinate information. In this work, we have compared the per- formance of contact traces against coordinate based real traces and mobility models. For our evaluations we use the OPS framework of models built in OMNeT++. In the contact based approach, the use of real traces or mobility models will be removed and instead, nodes will use contact traces to obtain information about connections with other nodes. But this approach requires an additional step, before a simulation, to generate the contact traces. Even with this step, we show that using contact traces is advantageous in terms of simulation durations. When the scale of simulations increase (i.e., in terms of number of nodes, simulated times, etc.), the results presented show that the advantage increases considerably.

scholarly journals Layered Mobility Model Architecture - LEMMA

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander P Pelov ◽  
Thomas Noel
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Network ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Group Mobility ◽  
Layered Architecture ◽  
The Core ◽  
Network Simulations

This paper presents the generic layered architecture for mobility models (LEMMA), which can be used to construct a wide variety of mobility models, including the majority of models used in wireless network simulations. The fundamental components of the architecture are described and analyzed, in addition to its benefits. One of the core principles stipulates that each mobility model is divided in five distinct layers that communicate via interfaces. This allows their easy replacement and recombination, which we support by reviewing 19 layers that can form 480 different mobility models. Some of the advanced features provided by the architecture are also discussed, such as layer aggregation, and creation of hybrid and group mobility models. Finally, some of the numerous existing studies of the different layers are presented.

scholarly journals Students Social Based Mobility Model for MANET-DTN Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dávid Hrabčák ◽  
Martin Matis ◽  
L’ubomír Doboš ◽  
Ján Papaj
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Real World ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Social Relation ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wireless Mobile

In the real world, wireless mobile devices are carried by humans. For this reason, it is useful if mobility models as simulation tools used to test routing protocols and other MANET-DTN features follow the behaviour of humans. In this paper, we propose a new social based mobility model called Students Social Based Mobility Model (SSBMM). This mobility model is inspired by the daily routine of student’s life. Since many current social based mobility models give nodes freedom in terms of movement according to social feeling and attractivity to other nodes or places, we focus more on the mandatory part of our life, such as going to work and school. In the case of students, this mandatory part of their life is studying in university according to their schedule. In their free time, they move and behave according to attractivity to other nodes or places of their origin. Finally, proposed SSBMM was tested and verified by Tools for Evaluation of Social Relation in Mobility Models and compared with random based mobility models. At the end, SSBMM was simulated to examine the impact of social relations on routing protocols.

Features and Current Damaged Situation of Hui-Style Architecture

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 2905-2909
Author(s):  
Xue Yu Xiong ◽  
Zhao Yang Su
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Deep Well ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Wood Carving ◽  
Stone Carving ◽  
White Wall ◽  
Reinforcement Measures ◽  
Near Future

As the key element of Huizhou culture, Hui-style architecture is one of the masterpieces of Chinese ancient architectures. The Hui-style architecture was highly praised by architecture masters both at home and abroad because of its phenotypic features, such as black tiles, white wall, and horse-like wall; its decoration features, such as tile carving, wood carving, stone carving; and its living features, such as high house, deep well, large lobby. Since most of the Hui-style architectures were built long time ago, had not been repaired for many years, as well as influenced by different kinds of natural hazards, the Hui-style architectures were decayed, eaten by worms, or damaged by fire to different degree. Most of these architectures could not meet the living requirements nowadays with faint light, high humidity, poor sound insulation, badly cracks and corrosion of all kinds of wood components; and needed to be repaired and reinforced badly. Based on this situation, the author believes that the Hui-style architecture would be in its original appearance in front of the word in the near future if the scientific research and proper reinforcement measures were adopted for the reinforcement of the Hui-style architectures.

A Review on Profit, Probable Hazard, and Ecological Impacts of Commonly used Chewing Gum

2021 ◽  
pp. 459-470
Author(s):  
Sanϳay Roy
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Artificial Sweetener ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Medical Outcomes ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Near Future

One of the oldest habits of human beings is to chew gum that was continuing from ancient civilizations to the modern world. Chew the gum could be a quiet pleasure that charming people for a long time. The non-food item chewing gum has a long history. The stepwise progress of its development has given us better flavour and additional medicative values. The stress-releasing properties and different medical outcomes have to make chewing gum popular for everyone. Chew the gum isn’t bring solely stripling pleasure, in near future ‘chewing gum’ perhaps use as a part of the drug delivery system. Unfortunately, it has also produced some negative effects. Modern chewing gum is made by non-biodegradable hydrophobic polymer together with artificial sweetener and flavour. So chew this sort of synthetic materials over a long time could produce some adverse effects. Again, because of our irresponsible attitude to toss the waste part of chewing gum anywhere creates some kind of serious environmental litter known as ‘gum pollution’. Therefore this widespread habit causes some sort of nuisance. Thus it’s the time to think how chewing gum offers us additional pleasure and benefits while not hampering human health and surroundings.

scholarly journals Deep Validation of Spatial Temporal Features of Synthetic Mobility Models

Computers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisrine Ibadah ◽  
Khalid Minaoui ◽  
Mohammed Rziza ◽  
Mohammed Oumsis ◽  
César Benavente-Peces
Keyword(s):  
Point Group ◽  
Density Wave ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Least Action ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
Node Distribution ◽  
Models Validation ◽  
Stochastic Properties

This paper analyzes the most relevant spatial-temporal stochastic properties of benchmark synthetic mobility models. Each pattern suffers from various mobility flaws, as will be shown by the models’ validation. A set of metrics is used to describe mobility features, such as the speed decay problem, the density wave phenomenon, the spatial node distribution, and the average neighbor percentage. These metrics have already been validated for the random waypoint mobility model (RWPMM), but they have not yet been verified for other mobility patterns that are most frequently used. For this reason, this investigation attempts to deeply validate those metrics for other mobility models, namely the Manhattan Grid mobility, the Reference Point Group mobility, the Nomadic Community mobility, the Self-Similar Least Action Walk, and SMOOTH models. Moreover, we propose a novel mobility metric named the “node neighbors range”. The relevance of this new metric is that it proves at once the set of outcomes of previous metrics. It offers a global view of the overall range of mobile neighbors during the experimental time. The current research aims to more rigorously understand mobility features in order to conduct a precise assessment of each mobility flaw, given that this fact further impacts the performance of the whole network. These validations aim to summarize several parameters into 18,126 different scenarios with an average of 486 validated files. An exhaustive analysis with details like those found in this paper leads to a good understanding of the accurate behaviors of mobility models by displaying the ability of every pattern to deal with certain topology changes, as well as to ensure network performances. Validation results confirm the effectiveness and robustness of our novel metric.

scholarly journals A New Mobility Model for Ad Hoc Networks in Disaster Recovery Areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (06) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saher Manaseer ◽  
Afnan Alawneh
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Disaster Recovery ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Communication Method ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

<p class="0keywords"><span lang="EN-GB">Over the last decade, many researchers have focused on Mobile Ad Hoc Networks as the main communication method in disaster recovery situations. In these researches, there has been marginal focus on the mobility patterns of nodes in disaster recovery scenarios. In this paper, a deeper analysis has been performed on some of the main mobility models used in testing new protocols and a new mobility model is proposed to incorporate some neglected factors concerned with disaster recovery situations.</span></p>

Survey on Node Mobility Model for Opportunistic Network

2011 ◽  
Vol 52-54 ◽  
pp. 1253-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Xia Yang ◽  
Shuang Xia Han ◽  
Cai Yun Yang ◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Dong Fen Ye
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Opportunistic Networks ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Opportunistic Network ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

Opportunistic networks is one of the newest hot research spots in wireless networks after mobile ad hoc net-works(MANET) and wireless sensor networks(WSN). Mobility model describes mobility manners of nodes. It has been widely used in research on wireless network. This paper firstly introduced, classifies, and compares the current familiar mobility models. Secondly, it classifies, and compares the current familiar mobility models. Next, it was discussed that current research focus on new mobility models, analysis of nodes mobility features, trace strategy, and evaluation of mobility model. Finally, this paper involved what calls for further study.

scholarly journals Link-state QoS routing protocol under various mobility models

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 906
Author(s):  
Safaa Laqtib ◽  
Khalid El Yassini ◽  
Moulay Lahcen Hasnaoui
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Link State ◽  
Random Waypoint

<p>Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) consists of a group of mobile or wireless nodes that are placed randomly and dynamically that causes the continual change between nodes. A mobility model attempts to mimic the movement of real mobile nodes that change the speed and direction with time. The mobility model that accurately represents the characteristics of the mobile nodes in an ad hoc network is the key to examine whether a given protocol. The aim of this paper is to compare the performance of four different mobility models (i.e. Random Waypoint, Random Direction, Random walk, and Steady-State Random Waypoint) in MANET. These models were configured with Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol under three QoS (Quality of Service) <a title="Learn more about Metrics" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/metrics">metrics</a> such as the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Throughput, End-to-End delay. The simulation results show the effectiveness of Steady-State Random Waypoint Mobility Models and encourage further investigations to extend it in order to guarantee other QoS requirements.</p>

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