Features and Current Damaged Situation of Hui-Style Architecture

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 2905-2909
Author(s):  
Xue Yu Xiong ◽  
Zhao Yang Su
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Deep Well ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Wood Carving ◽  
Stone Carving ◽  
White Wall ◽  
Reinforcement Measures ◽  
Near Future

As the key element of Huizhou culture, Hui-style architecture is one of the masterpieces of Chinese ancient architectures. The Hui-style architecture was highly praised by architecture masters both at home and abroad because of its phenotypic features, such as black tiles, white wall, and horse-like wall; its decoration features, such as tile carving, wood carving, stone carving; and its living features, such as high house, deep well, large lobby. Since most of the Hui-style architectures were built long time ago, had not been repaired for many years, as well as influenced by different kinds of natural hazards, the Hui-style architectures were decayed, eaten by worms, or damaged by fire to different degree. Most of these architectures could not meet the living requirements nowadays with faint light, high humidity, poor sound insulation, badly cracks and corrosion of all kinds of wood components; and needed to be repaired and reinforced badly. Based on this situation, the author believes that the Hui-style architecture would be in its original appearance in front of the word in the near future if the scientific research and proper reinforcement measures were adopted for the reinforcement of the Hui-style architectures.

The lichen genus Lepraria Ach. (Stereocaulaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Florin CRISAN
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Recent Period ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Low Illumination ◽  
Crustose Lichens

Introduction. The genus Lepraria includes diffuse or indefinitely delimited species, always sterile, Lendemer (1) naming it „the most unusual member of the sterile lichen crusts”. According to Tonsberg (2), the leprarioid state appeared as an adaptation to a substrate characterized by dry surfaces, in sites with high humidity and low illumination. The thallus is leprose with an entirely sorediate surface. The lack of fruiting bodies has made the lichens from this group among the least known and studied for a long time. The increase in the number of studies on sterile crustose lichens in recent period has led to an increase in the number of accepted species of the genus Lepraria. The information on the genus Lepraria is not uniformly distributed, the current checklist describes only two species, L. caesioalba and L. finkii in Romania. The recent appearance of several studies that indicate the presence in Romania of other species of the genus mentioned, created the motivation of this study. Material and methods. This study is based on material from the Babes-Bolyai University (CL) herbaria in Cluj-Napoca, Romania and literature data. For 13 species, specimens have been examined. Results. The key for the species of genus Lepraria is proposed, adapted from Wirth (3). The species distribution maps in Romania are given. Conclusions. Fifteen Romanian species are revised, Lepraria eburnea, L. ecorticata, L. umbricola were reported from two locations, L. neglecta was found only in one location. Most widely distributed species in Romania seems to be L. finkii and L. membranacea.

A Review on Profit, Probable Hazard, and Ecological Impacts of Commonly used Chewing Gum

2021 ◽  
pp. 459-470
Author(s):  
Sanϳay Roy
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Artificial Sweetener ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Medical Outcomes ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Near Future

One of the oldest habits of human beings is to chew gum that was continuing from ancient civilizations to the modern world. Chew the gum could be a quiet pleasure that charming people for a long time. The non-food item chewing gum has a long history. The stepwise progress of its development has given us better flavour and additional medicative values. The stress-releasing properties and different medical outcomes have to make chewing gum popular for everyone. Chew the gum isn’t bring solely stripling pleasure, in near future ‘chewing gum’ perhaps use as a part of the drug delivery system. Unfortunately, it has also produced some negative effects. Modern chewing gum is made by non-biodegradable hydrophobic polymer together with artificial sweetener and flavour. So chew this sort of synthetic materials over a long time could produce some adverse effects. Again, because of our irresponsible attitude to toss the waste part of chewing gum anywhere creates some kind of serious environmental litter known as ‘gum pollution’. Therefore this widespread habit causes some sort of nuisance. Thus it’s the time to think how chewing gum offers us additional pleasure and benefits while not hampering human health and surroundings.

Investigation into the Properties of New Materials Having a Possible Effect on the Evaluation Parameters of Sound Insulation and Absorption

2015 ◽  
Vol 220-221 ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Danielius Gužas ◽  
Sergej Anashko ◽  
L. Gogolashvili
Keyword(s):  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Design Quality ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Complex Construction ◽  
The Law ◽  
Evaluation Parameters

The efficiency of creating and designing noise reduction measures greatly depends on physical, chemical, mechanical and other properties of the selected materials. Some of them and sometimes all of those have a big impact on the general sound insulation of designed measures that also include absorption values predetermining their efficiency.As has been known for a long time, the formed heavy partitions and elements acquire increased sound insulation according to the law of mass, i.e. the heavier is the weight per m2 of the surface (kg/km2), the higher is the sound of insulation.To increase the efficiency of noise reduction in barriers, it is necessary to search for some other properties of the material like design, quality, etc.The article describes how calculations and empirical manipulations facilitate finding an optimal complex construction effectively reducing noise.

scholarly journals PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP KETIADAAN LABEL HALAL PADA PRODUK FARMASI MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 33 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG JAMINAN PRODUK HALAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1062
Author(s):  
Hendrian Wulansari ◽  
Anna Maria Tri Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Drug Products ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Halal Food ◽  
The Government ◽  
Near Future

This study discusses consumer protection against the absence of halal label on pharmaceutical products according to Law No. 33 of 2014 on Halal Product Guarantee. Based on the existing findings that the presence of medicinal products are still many who use materials that are not kosher. Therefore, an effort is needed to provide consumer rights protection to the certification and labeling of halal products. The problem why in the pharmaceutical products are not included halal label? How about consumer protection against pharmaceutical products that do not include halal label? Ingi research method using normative legal research methods. The result data showed that the absence of halal label on pharmaceutical products due to the factors that influence it is because of the difficulty of finding replacement materials for medicines because 90 percent of the drugs are imported from other countries where there is no guarantee of halal. In the near future the producers of drugs are also experiencing constraints because they have to conduct research on raw materials because of the difficulty of the origin of the material also has its own complexity so it takes a long time. On the other hand, the equipment used for the production process, production site, processing, storage, packaging and sales and presentation should be made separately between halal and non-halal certified products / products. Consumer protection against pharmaceutical products that do not include halal labels should have 3 (three) supervisory systems that are preventive by looking at enrollment activities, with special supervision of food cases, medicines and kosher cosmetics that can result in widespread impact and incidental surveillance systems namely the process of supervision by law enforcers on halal food safety and safety done by means of sudden inspection (sidak). There needs to be a systematic joint effort of the government and relevant stakeholders to encourage the maker of halal drug products and raise awareness of the Muslim community about the importance of halal products. It aims to protect Muslims from consuming unlawful products.

scholarly journals The Promising Applications of Stem Cells in the Oral Region: Literature Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Barreto Silva ◽  
Alexandrino Pereira Dos Santos Neto ◽  
Rachel Gomes Pelozo Pacheco ◽  
Severino Alves Júnior ◽  
Rebeca Ferraz de Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Oral Region ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Near Future

Introduction:For a long time researchers have tried to find out a way to grow tissues back to the human body in order to solve transplantation problems by offering the unique opportunity to have their organs back, working properly, in search of life dignity.Literature Review:Stem cells seem to be present in many other tissues than researchers had once thought; and in some specific sites they can be easily collected, without the need of expensive interventions. The oral cavity is one of these regions where their collection can be accomplished, with plenty of accessible sites enriched with these precious cells.Aim:The aim of this literature review is to research where in the mouth can scientists find stem cells to be used in the near future.Key-message:The aim of this literature review is to research where stem cells can be found and collected in the oral cavity.

Latest Trends in Financing by Export Credit Agencies (ECAs)

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
  Balraj ◽  
Raghuveer Singh Rajpurohit
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Export Credit ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Political Risks ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Long Time ◽  
To Come ◽  
Export Credit Agencies ◽  
Near Future

Export Credit Agencies (ECAs) play a very important role in world trade especially when the new markets are risky; political risks are involved; the amount involved is very high and also the payment would take a long time to come, e.g. in project exports. These are some of the factors which inhibit the private insurers to insure or provide credit to the exporters. With the financial crisis in 2008, there was a liquidity crunch and that led to a greater void on part of private insurers. Before the financial crisis, it was thought that ECAs have no future and are slowly moving towards its demise. But it was not to be so! The main objective of this paper is to find out the latest developments related to ECAs. This paper also talks about - what constitutes an ECA? How do we define an ECA? What are the rationales behind establishing an ECA? What are the objectives of ECAs? Paper further talks about the institutional forms and the various kinds of ECAs The findings can be summed up as that there is increased demand for its products after the financial crisis. ECAs have also responded well to this increased demand not only by catering to this increased demand but also by bringing more innovative products. Asian ECAs are financing the projects in a big way. Some countries are planning to establish Export Import Banks. There is greater bilateral and regional cooperation between ECAs, Export Import Banks and Development Financial Institutions. There is also greater cooperation between ECAs and the Multilateral Banks, Private Institutions. ECAs are also looking at Islamic Business growth as this is going to be big business in near future. With increased business between South-South, there is greater cooperation between the ECAs in these countries. As this is a secondary research, it is not possible to check the veracity of the points mentioned by other researchers or mentioned in various studies. The study is also limited by the little data available about the ECAs.

scholarly journals Landslides vs Archaeology

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-205
Author(s):  
Anton Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Local Case ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Impacted Site ◽  
Geological Phenomenon

Landslides are one of the few types of natural hazards that have affected Sweden regularly in the recent past. We can expect that this geological phenomenon will only increase in frequency in the near future given the ongoing processes of anthropogenic climate change, and this likelihood motivates some historical retrospection. This paper explores how landslides have impacted archaeological sites in Västra Götaland, the country’s most landslide-prone region, from the mid-twentieth century onwards, and how, in turn, archaeologists have had to respond to these disasters. The 1957 Göta, 1973 Fröland, 1977 Tuve and 2006 Småröd landslides are highlighted in particular, as is the landslide-impacted site Hjälpesten. Connections are made to other different but related archaeologies of hazard and disaster, providing insights into the impact that climate change has had and will have on the discipline. While the paper showcases a set of local case studies, it is further argued that its findings have relevance for other areas as well, calling for the attention of the cultural heritage sector.

scholarly journals The Future of Carica papaya Leaf Extract as an Herbal Medicine Product

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 6922
Author(s):  
Maywan Hariono ◽  
Jeffry Julianus ◽  
Ipang Djunarko ◽  
Irwan Hidayat ◽  
Lintang Adelya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Good Manufacturing Practice ◽  
Herbal Medicine Product ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Professional Health ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Medicine Product

Carica papaya (papaya) leaf extract has been used for a long time in a traditional medicine to treat fever in some infectious diseases such as dengue, malaria, and chikungunya. The development of science and technology has subsequently made it possible to provide evidence that this plant is not only beneficial as an informal medication, but also that it has scientifically proven pharmacological and toxicological activities, which have led to its formal usage in professional health care systems. The development of formulations for use in nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals has caused this product to be more valuable nowadays. The use of good manufacturing practice (GMP) standards, along with the ease of registering this product facilitated by policies of the national government, will absolutely increase the value of papaya leaf extract as a vital nutraceutical and cosmeceutical products in the near future. In this article, we review the potential of papaya leaf extract to be a high-value commodity in terms of its health effects as well as its industrial benefits.

scholarly journals Four Global Catastrophic Risks – A Personal View

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Blong
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Personal View ◽  
Average Return ◽  
Catastrophic Risks ◽  
Near Future

Global catastrophic risks (GCRs) affect a larger than hemispheric area and produce death tolls of many millions and/or economic losses greater than several trillion USD. Here I explore the biophysical, social-economic, demographic and cultural strands of four global catastrophic risks – sea level rise, a VEI 7 eruption, a pandemic, and a geomagnetic storm – one human-exacerbated at the least, one geological, one biological in large part, and one from space. Durations of these biophysical events range from a day or two to more than 100 years and the hazards associated range from none to numerous. Each of the risks has an average return period of no more than a few hundred years and lie within a range where many regulators ordinarily demand efforts in the case of less extreme events at enhancing resilience. Losses produced by GCRs and other natural hazards are usually assessed in terms of human mortality or dollars but many less tangible losses are at least as significant. Despite the varying durations, biophysical characteristics, and the wide array of potential consequences, the aftermath at global (and at more granular scales) can be summarised by one of four potential futures. While this assessment considers the present and the near future (the Anthropocene), much of this appraisal applies also to global catastrophic risks in the Early Holocene.

scholarly journals EXPERT RESEARCH ON QUALITY DETERMINATION OF ENTRANCE METAL DOORS

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 428-434
Author(s):  
N. A. Matsak ◽  
S. A. Kirilenko ◽  
O. O. Posashkov
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Technical Examination ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
And Storage

The article outlines the mandatory quality requirements for manufactured and installed metal entrance shockproof doors, which should ensure the safety of life, health and property of citizens. The main technical features of these designs and their characteristics are presented. The problem of quality control is considered, since quality is a guarantee of reliability and a guarantee that doors will serve for a long time and reliably. The installation of high-quality "armored" doors will not only protect housing from unauthorized penetration, but also help to isolate the premise from the external environment; therefore in the problem of selecting entrance metal doors, an important place is occupied by the issue of heat and sound insulation. While choosing a good metal door, every detail should be taken into account. The quality of the goods and safety of the premise directly depend on all design components. The article raises such a topical issue as the establishment of quality works on manufacture, storage, transportation and mounting of entrance metal shockproof doors while performing forensic construction and technical examination. The technical characteristics of building materials that can be used in this case are presented. The authors also pointed out that it is very important to resolve disputes on this type of researches, so this is the availability of technical documentation. All data about the product should be included in this documentation up to the information on transportation and storage, since this information will much facilitate the work of experts in the future. After all, the establishment of the quality of this type of products is a fairly complex and time-consuming process. While determining the quality, all details are important, starting from the quality of the used building materials, the works on manufacturing of the door blocks, their storage and transportation conditions, and finishing the placing (mounting).

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