scholarly journals FOAMING CAN REDUCE LUBRICATION OF LUBRICANTS SO CAUSING WEAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Rona Malam Karina ◽  
M Hanifuddin ◽  
Setyo Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Pour Point ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Foam Formation ◽  
Undesirable Effect ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
The Stability

Foaming on oil has a very undesirable effect which can cause an increase in oxidation by intensive mixture with air, damage to cavitation, and insufficient oil transportation in the lubrication circulation system which can cause poor lubrication. Adding the appropriate antifoam additives is one way to avoidfoaming. To determine the tendency of foaming formation which has an impact on the stability of the performance of lubricating oil, so that there is wear and tear in research in the laboratory by means of; 6 types of lubricating oil taken from the market are tested for viscosity, index viscosity, flash point, pour point and color. As well as to determine the effect of foam formation tested foaming tendency / stability and wear before and after antifoam added from 6 (six) types of lubricated oil obtained from the market. The result after adding antifoam additives, three types (GB, SH, and MH) of six types of lubricated oil were tested, the tendency of foaming and the wear results met the required limits, namely 0/50/0 ml for foaming tendency and maximum 0.5 mm for wear, while for 3 (three) oils, the results are not satisfying the required limits.

scholarly journals Effects of Acid Washing and Additives on Qualities of Waste Lubricating Oil

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-536
Author(s):  
M Naimul Haque ◽  
M Yunus Miah ◽  
S Ali Ashruf ◽  
M Rafiqul Islam ◽  
A Kumar Das
Keyword(s):  
Pour Point ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Acid Washing ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fuller’S Earth ◽  
Tga Analysis

Waste lubricating oil has been reclaimed by treatment with commercial sulphuric acid followed by adsorption on fuller's earth. A maximum yield (75%) of reclaimed oil at acid- oil ratio of 10:100 with addition of 10% (w/v) fuller's earth has been obtained. Properties of reclaimed oil such as viscosity index, pour point, colour etc. have been improved from 93.4, +2, 5.0 to 109, -10.5, 4.0 by addition of certain proportion of additives. TGA analysis of waste lubricating oil, reclaimed oil and fresh lubricating oil has also been studied. The reclaimed oil obtained after addition of different types of additives is very comparable to SAE 30 grade lubricating oil in terms of properties and is applicable as a standard lubricant. Such a reuse of waste lubricating oil, in addition to its economic effect will help to reduce environmental problem. Key words: Lubricating oil, TGA analysis, Envirormentl problem and Vscosity index.      doi: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i4.2243 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(4), 529-536, 2008

scholarly journals Study the Effect of Friendly Environmental Materials Addition on Viscosity Index and Pour Point of Engine Diesel Lubricating Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Taghreed Mahdi Hameed ◽  
◽  
Muna Mahmood Khudhair ◽  
Lamyaa Adnan Abdulridha ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pour Point ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Environmental Materials

Jojoba modified polymers as performance modifiers additives for engine oil

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nehal S. Ahmed ◽  
Amal M. Nassar ◽  
Rabab M. Nasser
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pour Point Depressants ◽  
Viscosity Index Improvers

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to prepare novel types of copolymers and terpolymers depending on jojoba, and using them as additives for lubricating oil. Design/methodology/approach – Copolymerization of 1 mole of jojoba with 2 moles of vinyl acetate and copolymerization of 1 mole of jojoba with 2 moles of vinyl pyrrolidone were carried out. Then, two series of terpolymers were prepared by reacting (jojoba: vinyl acetate: alkylacrylate) and (jojoba: vinyl pyrrolidone: alkylacrylate), using free radical chain addition polymerization. Elucidation of the prepared polymers was carried out by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatography, for determination of weight average molecular weight. The thermal stability of the prepared polymers was determined. The prepared polymers were evaluated as viscosity index improvers and pour point depressants for lubricating oil. Findings – It was found that the viscosity index increases with increasing the alkyl chain length of alkylacrylate. The effect of the monomer type was studied, and it was found that the polymers depending on vinyl acetate have great effect as viscosity index improvers and pour point depressants for lubricating oil. Originality/value – The polymerization of jojoba as different copolymers and terpolymers was carried out. The great influence of the prepared additives on modification of the viscosity properties and pour point of the oil was observed.

scholarly journals Assessment of Quality Parameters of Ecofriendly Biolubricant from Waste Cooking Palm Oil

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. U. Dabai ◽  
F. J. Owuna ◽  
M. A. Sokoto ◽  
A. L. Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Waste Cooking Palm Oil

The use of vegetable oils as a renewable source for the production of ecofriendly biolubricant is gaining the attention of the renewable energy researchers and lubricating oil producers. This study evaluates the quality assessment parameters of ecofriendly biolubricant from waste cooking palm oil (WCPO). The crude WCPO was filtered, centrifuged at 500 rpm, and dried over Na2SO4 crystals overnight. The quality assessment parameters of the pretreated WCPO (PWCPO) were determined to authenticate its potential for the production of multigrade lubricating oils. Kinematic viscosities at 100°C (8.26±0.03 cSt) and 40°C (36.98±0.01 cSt) were determined according to ASTMD-446 method, while the viscosity index (208±0.11) was determined according to ASTMD-2270 method. A design of experiment (Mixture Design Method using Minitab 17) was used to determine the proportion of PWCPO (68.75%), SN 500 (23.75%), and additives (7.50%) that gave the mixture with the optimum quality parameters of the produced biolubricant. The produced biolubricant had kinematic viscosities at 100oC (10.72±0.13 cSt) and 40°C (59.32±0.20 cSt) respectively, a viscosity index of 173±0.10, flash point of 234±1.13°C, pour point of -31±0.10°C, acid value of 21.04±1.21 mg KOH g-1, and iodine value of 1.28±1.40 mg I2 g-1. The produced biolubricant has quality parameters that are comparable to available ecofriendly lubricating oil and was also found within standards for engine oils.

scholarly journals Advanced Study of Promoted Pt /SAPO-11 Catalyst for Hydroisomerization of the n-Decane Model and Lube Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Haider Aljendeel ◽  
Hussein Qasim Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Pour Point ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Isomerization Reaction ◽  
Base Oil

   SAPO-11 is synthesized from silicoaluminophosphate in the presence of di-n-propylamine as a template. The results show that the sample obtained has good crystallinity, 396m2/g BET surface area, and 0.35 cm3/g pore volume. The hydroisomerization activity of (0.25)Pt (1)Zr (0.5)W/SAPO-11 catalyst was determined using n-decane and base oil. All hydroisomerization experiments of n-decane were achieved at a fixed bed plug flow reactor at a temperature range of 200-275°C and  LHSV 0.5-2h-1.  The results show that the n-decane conversion increases with increasing temperature and decreasing LHSV, the maximum conversion of 66.7 % was achieved at temperature 275°C and LHSV of 0.5 h-1. Meanwhile, the same catalyst was used to improve base oil specification by increasing viscosity index and decreasing pour point. The isomerization reaction conditions, employed are temperature (200-300)ºC, the liquid hourly space velocity of 0.5-2h-1, and the pressure kept atmospheric. The present study shows that Pt Zr W/SAPO-11 minimizes the pour point of lubricating oil to -16°C at isomerization temperature of  300°C and LHSV of 0.5 h-1 and viscosity index 134.8.

The stability of dislocation networks under various oxygen-doping conditions in superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy single crystals and their influence on the flux pinning properties

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 802-803
Author(s):  
Y. Feng ◽  
X. Y. Cai ◽  
R. J. Kelley ◽  
D. C. Larbalestier
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Basal Plane ◽  
Flux Pinning ◽  
Pinning Centers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anomalous Peak ◽  
Basal Plane Dislocation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Further Development

The issue of strong flux pinning is crucial to the further development of high critical current density Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (BSCCO) superconductors in conductor-like applications, yet the pinning mechanisms are still much debated. Anomalous peaks in the M-H (magnetization vs. magnetic field) loops are commonly observed in Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy (Bi-2212) single crystals. Oxygen vacancies may be effective flux pinning centers in BSCCO, as has been found in YBCO. However, it has also been proposed that basal-plane dislocation networks also act as effective pinning centers. Yang et al. proposed that the characteristic scale of the basal-plane dislocation networksmay strongly depend on oxygen content and the anomalous peak in the M-H loop at ˜20-30K may be due tothe flux pinning of decoupled two-dimensional pancake vortices by the dislocation networks. In light of this, we have performed an insitu observation on the dislocation networks precisely at the same region before and after annealing in air, vacuumand oxygen, in order to verify whether the dislocation networks change with varying oxygen content Inall cases, we have not found any noticeable changes in dislocation structure, regardless of the drastic changes in Tc and the anomalous magnetization. Therefore, it does not appear that the anomalous peak in the M-H loops is controlled by the basal-plane dislocation networks.

Sorbitol enhances the physicochemical stability of B12 vitamers

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hadinata Lie ◽  
Maria V Chandra-Hioe ◽  
Jayashree Arcot
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Uv Exposure ◽  
Physicochemical Stability ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Stability

Abstract. The stability of B12 vitamers is affected by interaction with other water-soluble vitamins, UV light, heat, and pH. This study compared the degradation losses in cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin and methylcobalamin due to the physicochemical exposure before and after the addition of sorbitol. The degradation losses of cyanocobalamin in the presence of increasing concentrations of thiamin and niacin ranged between 6%-13% and added sorbitol significantly prevented the loss of cyanocobalamin (p<0.05). Hydroxocobalamin and methylcobalamin exhibited degradation losses ranging from 24%–26% and 48%–76%, respectively; added sorbitol significantly minimised the loss to 10% and 20%, respectively (p < 0.05). Methylcobalamin was the most susceptible to degradation when co-existing with ascorbic acid, followed by hydroxocobalamin and cyanocobalamin. The presence of ascorbic acid caused the greatest degradation loss in methylcobalamin (70%-76%), which was minimised to 16% with added sorbitol (p < 0.05). Heat exposure (100 °C, 60 minutes) caused a greater loss of cyanocobalamin (38%) than UV exposure (4%). However, degradation losses in hydroxocobalamin and methylcobalamin due to UV and heat exposures were comparable (>30%). At pH 3, methylcobalamin was the most unstable showing 79% degradation loss, which was down to 12% after sorbitol was added (p < 0.05). The losses of cyanocobalamin at pH 3 and pH 9 (~15%) were prevented by adding sorbitol. Addition of sorbitol to hydroxocobalamin at pH 3 and pH 9 reduced the loss by only 6%. The results showed that cyanocobalamin was the most stable, followed by hydroxocobalamin and methylcobalamin. Added sorbitol was sufficient to significantly enhance the stability of cobalamins against degradative agents and conditions.

Choice and Exchange of Lubricating Oil for Injection Molding Machine

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-382
Author(s):  
Shan Syedhidayat ◽  
Quan Wang ◽  
Al-Hadad M.A.A. Mohsen ◽  
Jinrong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Lubrication System ◽  
Molding Machine ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Injection Molding Machine ◽  
The Stability

Background: One of the most common manufacturing equipment for polymer product is injection molding machine. In order to ensure the precise, stable and continuous operation of the injection molding machine, the maintenance of the lubrication system must be done well. The stability, reliability, rationality and low noise performance of the lubrication system of injection molding machine directly affect the quality of injection products, dimensional accuracy, molding cycle, working environment and maintenance. Objective: The purpose of this study is to introduce the methods of choice, maintenance of lubricating oil for injection molding machine from many literatures and patents in the recent years, such as lubricating oil device, lubricating composite and structure. Methods: An example of the 260M5 automatic injection molding machine is introduced for the inspection and maintenance of the lubrication system including lubricating oil and lubricating grease. Results: To ensure the lubrication of the injection molding machine, it needs to strictly observe the lubrication time and modulus of the injection molding machine. It needs to strictly control the temperature rise of the lubricating oil and select the correct lubricating oil and grease to ensure the lubrication quality. Conclusion: In the operation of the injection molding machine, it is necessary to check that the lubricating oil is sufficient and the lubricating points are working properly. It ensures sufficient lubrication of the injection molding machine and strictly observes the lubrication time and modulus of the injection molding machine. The stored lubricating oil should be sealed well to prevent air pollution.

scholarly journals A pH-Responsive Foam Formulated with PAA/Gemini 12-2-12 Complexes

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Hernán Martinelli ◽  
Claudia Domínguez ◽  
Marcos Fernández Leyes ◽  
Sergio Moya ◽  
Hernán Ritacco
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Dynamic Surface Tension ◽  
Foam Formation ◽  
Ph Responsive ◽  
Dynamic Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Equilibrium Surface Tension ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Air Interfaces

In the search for responsive complexes with potential applications in the formulation of smart dispersed systems such as foams, we hypothesized that a pH-responsive system could be formulated with polyacrylic acid (PAA) mixed with a cationic surfactant, Gemini 12-2-12 (G12). We studied PAA-G12 complexes at liquid–air interfaces by equilibrium and dynamic surface tension, surface rheology, and X-ray reflectometry (XRR). We found that complexes adsorb at the interfaces synergistically, lowering the equilibrium surface tension at surfactant concentrations well below the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the surfactant. We studied the stability of foams formulated with the complexes as a function of pH. The foams respond reversibly to pH changes: at pH 3.5, they are very stable; at pH > 6, the complexes do not form foams at all. The data presented here demonstrate that foam formation and its pH responsiveness are due to interfacial dynamics.

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