scholarly journals Advanced Study of Promoted Pt /SAPO-11 Catalyst for Hydroisomerization of the n-Decane Model and Lube Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Haider Aljendeel ◽  
Hussein Qasim Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Pour Point ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Isomerization Reaction ◽  
Base Oil

   SAPO-11 is synthesized from silicoaluminophosphate in the presence of di-n-propylamine as a template. The results show that the sample obtained has good crystallinity, 396m2/g BET surface area, and 0.35 cm3/g pore volume. The hydroisomerization activity of (0.25)Pt (1)Zr (0.5)W/SAPO-11 catalyst was determined using n-decane and base oil. All hydroisomerization experiments of n-decane were achieved at a fixed bed plug flow reactor at a temperature range of 200-275°C and  LHSV 0.5-2h-1.  The results show that the n-decane conversion increases with increasing temperature and decreasing LHSV, the maximum conversion of 66.7 % was achieved at temperature 275°C and LHSV of 0.5 h-1. Meanwhile, the same catalyst was used to improve base oil specification by increasing viscosity index and decreasing pour point. The isomerization reaction conditions, employed are temperature (200-300)ºC, the liquid hourly space velocity of 0.5-2h-1, and the pressure kept atmospheric. The present study shows that Pt Zr W/SAPO-11 minimizes the pour point of lubricating oil to -16°C at isomerization temperature of  300°C and LHSV of 0.5 h-1 and viscosity index 134.8.

scholarly journals Effects of Acid Washing and Additives on Qualities of Waste Lubricating Oil

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-536
Author(s):  
M Naimul Haque ◽  
M Yunus Miah ◽  
S Ali Ashruf ◽  
M Rafiqul Islam ◽  
A Kumar Das
Keyword(s):  
Pour Point ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Acid Washing ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fuller’S Earth ◽  
Tga Analysis

Waste lubricating oil has been reclaimed by treatment with commercial sulphuric acid followed by adsorption on fuller's earth. A maximum yield (75%) of reclaimed oil at acid- oil ratio of 10:100 with addition of 10% (w/v) fuller's earth has been obtained. Properties of reclaimed oil such as viscosity index, pour point, colour etc. have been improved from 93.4, +2, 5.0 to 109, -10.5, 4.0 by addition of certain proportion of additives. TGA analysis of waste lubricating oil, reclaimed oil and fresh lubricating oil has also been studied. The reclaimed oil obtained after addition of different types of additives is very comparable to SAE 30 grade lubricating oil in terms of properties and is applicable as a standard lubricant. Such a reuse of waste lubricating oil, in addition to its economic effect will help to reduce environmental problem. Key words: Lubricating oil, TGA analysis, Envirormentl problem and Vscosity index.      doi: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i4.2243 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(4), 529-536, 2008

Experimental Study on the Tribological Characteristics of Nanometer WS2 Lubricating Oil Additive Based on Engine Oil

2011 ◽  
Vol 328-330 ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Bin Chen ◽  
Da Heng Mao ◽  
Chen Shi ◽  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Contrast Study ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Grinding Conditions ◽  
Lubricating Oil Additive ◽  
Great Wall ◽  
Better Than

Nano-WS2(tungsten disulfide nanoparticles)lubricating oil additive, prepared by the nanometer WS2particulates and semi-synthetic engine base oil as raw materials, was added into Great Wall engine oil with different mass ratio. With a contrast study on these oil samples, the results show that it can improve the extreme pressure, antiwear and viscosity-temperature properties of the engine oil effectively by adding a certain amount of nano-WS2additive, and the optimal concentration is 2wt%. The oil film strength, sintering load and viscosity index of this lubricating oil is respectively 1.35 times, 1.58 times and 1.05 times as that of Great Wall engine oil. In addition, when tested under the grinding conditions of 392 N, 1450 r /min and 30 min, the diameter of worn spot reduces 0.018mm, and the average friction coefficients of friction pairs decrease 16.3%, both of which are lubricated by the oil containing nano-WS2additive. Meanwhile, the experiments testify that the tribological and viscosity-temperature properties of the nano-WS2additive are better than that of the Henkel MoS2additive.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of CuO-ZnO Nano Additive for Lubricant

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Buddha Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Hira Mani Trital ◽  
Armila Rajbhandari
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Mixed Metal Oxide ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Copper Strip ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Mixed Metal

A mixed metal oxide (CuO-ZnO) additives has been successfully synthesized in laboratory by co-precipitation technique. The optimum ratio of CuO and ZnO in mixed metal oxide was found to be 1:1. The sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) has been used as surfactant. The obtained material was found to be crystalline having crystalline size of 18 nm. The stretching band in FTIR spectra at around 1072 cm-1 to 750 cm-1 and around 600 cm-1 indicates the presence of Zn-O and Cu-O bonds. As prepared nano-particles have been used as nano additive in base oil to improve physio-chemical parameters of lubricants. The results revealed that the additive blended base oil (lubricant) has shown excellent lubrication properties. The higher kinematic viscosity of 33.0504 and 6.0158 at 40°C and 100°C respectively showed that as prepared additive blended lubricant is of ISO-32 category according to ISO grading system for lubricants. Similarly, viscosity index was found to be improved from 101 to 129. The pour point was found to be significantly decreased from -6°C to -24°C. So it can be used as good pour point depressant and could be used even in the extreme cold environment condition. The flash point was found to be increased from 215°C to 220°C indicating that the prepared mixed metal oxide (CuO-ZnO) acts as flash point enhancer. The copper strip corrosion rating was found to be 1b for additive indicating the non corrosive nature. The absence of moisture and pH around the neutral range 6.18 showed the additive blended lubricant is not harmful for machinery devices.

COx Free Hydrogen Production From Ammonia Decomposition Over Platinum Based Siliceous Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilek Varisli ◽  
Tugba Rona
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Decomposition Reaction ◽  
Ammonia Decomposition ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Free Hydrogen ◽  
Synthesis Procedure

Abstract Ammonia has become an important source for hydrogen especially for fuel cell applications that require COx free hydrogen. In this study, high surface area Pt incorporated mesoporous siliceous materials were prepared for ammonia decomposition reaction to produce clean hydrogen. The results of a fixed bed flow reactor tests, conducted using pure ammonia showed that Pt-SiO2 type catalysts which were prepared by a one-pot hydrothermal synthesis procedure were very active in ammonia decomposition, such as 72% conversion was reached at 500°C at a gas hourly space velocity of 5,100 ml/h.gcat over the catalyst prepared at Pt/Si mol ratio of 0.03. Activity of the synthesized catalysts increased with an increase in Pt loading. Platinum incorporated siliceous materials prepared by impregnation procedures were also tested in ammonia decomposition and highly promising results were obtained.

scholarly journals Kinetic study of propane aromatization over Zn/HZSM-5 zeolite under conditions of catalyst deactivation using genetic algorithm

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Roshanaei ◽  
Mehdi Alavi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Propane Aromatization ◽  
Aromatization Reaction

The kinetic studies of propane aromatization reaction over Zn/ /HZSM-5 catalyst at temperature of 500?560?C and space velocity of 500?2500 cm3 gcat -1 h-1, in a plug flow reactor, under catalyst deactivating conditions were performed. A lumped kinetic model consisting of six lumped components and six reaction steps was proposed to describe the aromatization of propane. The kinetic model involves 18 kinetic parameters and one catalyst deactivation constant. The reaction steps orders were obtained by the power law model. Frequency factors and the apparent activation energies of the reaction steps were calculated based on the Arrhenius equation. An exponential function depending on the time-on-stream was applied for the catalyst deactivation model and the kinetic parameters were calculated via a genetic algorithm. The kinetic results indicated that the lumped kinetic model can well estimate the product yields of propane aromatization.

scholarly journals Design Cum Performance Equation for a Reactor Type Adsorption Unit

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-460
Author(s):  
M. A. Islam ◽  
M. S. I. Mozumder ◽  
M. M. R. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Adsorption System ◽  
Column Test ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Reactor Type

The conventional method for designing a fixed bed adsorption unit has been discussed. The method is based on the data obtained from an adsorption column test. The characterization of an adsorption system, however, is performed in a laboratory batch experiment. It is shown that the conventional method does not make proper use of the physico-chemical parameters of an adsorption system determined by batch test. Also the method fails to predict the performance of an adsorption unit, if the operating condition differs from that under which the column test has been conducted for design purposes. New design equation has been proposed for both ‘Constantly Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR)’ and ‘Plug Flow Reactor (PFR)’ type adsorption units. The equation predicts the performance of a reactor type adsorption unit under varying operating conditions. The proposed method is based only on the data obtained in batch experiment.Keywords: Adsorption; Unit design; Reactor; Optimal Operation, Dosage; Coefficient of utilization.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2592     J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 450-460 (2009)

scholarly journals Study the Effect of Friendly Environmental Materials Addition on Viscosity Index and Pour Point of Engine Diesel Lubricating Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Taghreed Mahdi Hameed ◽  
◽  
Muna Mahmood Khudhair ◽  
Lamyaa Adnan Abdulridha ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pour Point ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Environmental Materials

Methanol Dehydrogenation to Formaldehyde over Zinc Oxide-Modified Sodium Carbonate

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 1826-1830
Author(s):  
Qing Song Wang ◽  
Gong Li ◽  
Min Jian Huang ◽  
Shu Xi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Methanol Dehydrogenation ◽  
Weight Hourly Space Velocity ◽  
Catalyst Composition ◽  
Grinding Method

Methanol dehydrogenation to formaldehyde was conducted in a fixed-bed flow reactor under the atmospheric pressure with sodium carbonate modified by metal oxides. The effects of catalyst composition, reaction temperature, weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) on the reaction were investigated. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, TG and nitrogen adsorption. The results indicated that ZnO/Na2CO3 containing 2wt% ZnO prepared by mechanical grinding method had higher catalytic activity for methanol dehydrogenation to formaldehyde. The conversion of methanol and the selectivity of formaldehyde were respectively 57.62% and 77.84% under the condition of wmethanol/wfeed =0.19, reaction temperature 650°C and WHSV (methanol) 7h-1.

scholarly journals Cleaner Fuel Production via Co-Processing of Vacuum Gas Oil with Rapeseed Oil Using a Novel NiW/Acid-Modified Phonolite Catalyst

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8497
Author(s):  
Jakub Frątczak ◽  
Nikita Sharkov ◽  
Hector De Paz Carmona ◽  
Zdeněk Tišler ◽  
Jose M. Hidalgo-Herrador
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Vacuum Gas Oil ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Weight Hourly Space Velocity ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
High Investment

Clean biofuels are a helpful tool to comply with strict emission standards. The co-processing approach seems to be a compromise solution, allowing the processing of partially bio-based feedstock by utilizing existing units, overcoming the need for high investment in new infrastructures. We performed a model co-processing experiment using vacuum gas oil (VGO) mixed with different contents (0%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 90%, and 100%) of rapeseed oil (RSO), utilizing a nickel–tungsten sulfide catalyst supported on acid-modified phonolite. The experiments were performed using a fixed-bed flow reactor at 420 °C, a hydrogen pressure of 18 MPa, and a weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 3 h−1. Surprisingly, the catalyst stayed active despite rising oxygen levels in the feedstock. In the liquid products, the raw diesel (180–360 °C) and jet fuel (120–290 °C) fraction concentrations increased together with increasing RSO share in the feedstock. The sulfur content was lower than 200 ppm for all the products collected using feedstocks with an RSO share of up to 50%. However, for all the products gained from the feedstock with an RSO share of ≥50%, the sulfur level was above the threshold of 200 ppm. The catalyst shifted its functionality from hydrodesulfurization to (hydro)decarboxylation when there was a higher ratio of RSO than VGO content in the feedstock, which seems to be confirmed by gas analysis where increased CO2 content was found after the change to feedstocks containing 50% or more RSO. According to the results, NiW/acid-modified phonolite is a suitable catalyst for the processing of feedstocks with high triglyceride content.

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