scholarly journals Acute Telogen Effluvium in Patients Recently Infected with SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Ângela Roda ◽  
Rui Oliveira-Soares
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Hair Cycle ◽  
Cytopathic Effects ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Comprehensive Collection ◽  
Infection Diagnosis ◽  
Associated Symptoms

Introduction: The hair cycle is especially susceptible to endogenous and exogenous stimuli, including febrile states and emotional stress, which are a constant in this pandemic era. In this case series, we describe the clinical characteristics of patients recently diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection who developed acute telogen effluvium. Material and Methods: We performed a registry of patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who developed acute telogen effluvium and actively sought medical care at the Hair Unit of Dermatology Center of CUF Descobertas Hospital, from March 2020 to October 2020. Patient demographics, the month of SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis, COVID-19 associated symptoms, latency of telogen effluvium, duration of hair loss, and associated scalp symptoms were recorded. Results: Twenty-seven patients recently diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection presented with acute telogen effluvium. Of them, 5 (18.5%) patients mentioned trichodynia. The median time of latency of increased hair loss since SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis was 10 weeks. In a third of cases (n=9, 33.3%), hair loss occurred early (with a latency period of 3 weeks or less). The resolution of telogen effluvium was documented in 16 (59%) cases with a median duration of hair loss of 24.5 days. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 were fever (n=17, 63%), ageusia (n=8, 30%), cough (n=6, 22%), myalgia (n=5, 18.5%), anosmia (n=4, 15%), and thoracalgia (n=3, 11%). Four patients (15%) with SARS- -CoV-2 infection were asymptomatic for COVID-19. Discussion: Acute telogen effluvium corresponds to a delayed consequence of an abnormal shift in the hair cycle from anagen to telogen, which is responsible for premature hair shedding, occurring approximately two to three months after a triggering event. Viral illnesses and febrile states are known causes. Regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection, we hypothesize that viral cytopathic effects and inflammatory or immune responses may affect hair follicles and explain hair loss and trichodynia. Conclusion: Our case series presents the first comprehensive collection of patients with acute telogen effluvium following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interestingly, in a third of our cases, telogen effluvium developed within the first 3 weeks of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Based on these data, we propose that this finding should be considered in COVID-19, especially at the convalescent phase.

scholarly journals Splenic melanosis during normal murine C57BL/6 hair cycle and after chemotherapy.

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Michalczyk-Wetula ◽  
Aleksander Salwiński ◽  
Małgorzata Popik ◽  
Monika Jakubowska ◽  
Przemysław M Płonka
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Cancer Chemotherapy ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Hair Cycle ◽  
Normal Hair ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

Cancer chemotherapy is associated with serious side effects, including temporary hair loss and impairment of pigmentation. We suspect that ectopic melanin deposition occurring due to chemotherapy may add to these effects worsening the already unpleasant symptoms. We associated the ectopic occurrence of follicular melanin after chemotherapy with splenic melanosis - an interesting example of extradermal melanin localization - and we expected an increase in splenic melanin deposition after chemotherapy. Using the C57BL/6 murine model of synchronized hair cycle induced by depilation, we visualized splenic melanin by means of several histological and histochemical protocols of staining: hematoxylin and eosin, May-Grünwald-Giemsa and Fontana-Masson. Unexpectedly, the splenic deposition of melanin decreased due to application of cyclophosphamide (i.p. 120 mg/ kg body weight on day 9 post depilation). The drop was abrupt and lasted for at least 5 days (day 13-18 post depilation), as compared with normal hair cycle. Moreover, in mice with normal, depilation-induced hair cycle we observed a similar drop shortly before entering catagen (day 15 post depilation), followed by a slow and partial increase in splenic melanization up to day 27 post depilation in both groups. We conclude that cyclophosphamide negatively affects splenic melanization and/or extradermal transfer of ectopic melanin from the dystrophic hair follicles, but the most powerful down-regulator of splenic melanosis is normal and dystrophic catagen - the phase of hair follicle involution and re-modelling.

Hair Loss Prevention by a Scalp Cooling Device in Early Breast Cancer Patients: The Poliambulanza Preliminary Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Prochilo ◽  
Alessandra Huscher ◽  
Federica Andreis ◽  
Mara Mirandola ◽  
Elisabetta Zaina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Scalp Cooling ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Cooling Device ◽  
End Of Treatment

Background: The most effective agents in the treatment of breast cancer have a common side effect, the hair loss. Some studies reported a reduction of hair loss with the use of the scalp cooling device. Indeed, it decreases the drug accumulation in the hair follicles. We report our preliminary experience with a scalp cooling device in reducing chemotherapy-induced alopecia and related distress in breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. </P><P> Methods: Hair loss grading and treatment tolerability were evaluated during chemotherapy every 21 days and 3 weeks after the last cycle of chemotherapy via Dean’s scale by patients and operators and a comfort analogic scale by patients. We administered the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire at the baseline and at the end of treatment to assess the distress related to chemotherapy- induced alopecia. Results: Among the 46 patients identified, 27 accepted the device. The eligible chemotherapy regimens included docetaxel+cyclophosphamide (TC), doxorubicin+cyclophosphamide (AC) and paclitaxel (P) weekly+trastuzumab (T). 24 pts (89%) completed the treatment; 3 pts (11%) treated with AC prematurely interrupted use of the scalp-cooling device due to inefficacy. After the last cycle of chemotherapy, the number of patient who perceived a HL < grade 2 was 16 (59%). The hair retention reported by operators has been higher (78%). 81.5% of patients well tolerated the treatment. Conclusion: In our study, the scalp-cooling device reduced chemotherapy-induced alopecia in taxane- based chemotherapy. Furthermore, it suggests a discordance in hair loss perception between patients and operators.

scholarly journals 63 Chronic Femoral Osteomyelitis Case Series: Outcomes and Economic Impact at A United Kingdom Based Tertiary Centre

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Lau ◽  
Z Arshad ◽  
A Aslam ◽  
A Thahir ◽  
M Krkovic
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Eq Vas

Abstract Introduction Osteomyelitis refers to an inflammatory process affecting bone and bone marrow. This study reviews chronic femoral osteomyelitis treatment and outcomes, including economic impact. Method We retrospectively collected data from a consecutive series of 14 chronic femoral osteomyelitis patients treated between January 2013 and January 2020. Data collected include patient demographics, comorbidities, pathogens, complications, treatment protocol and costs. Functional outcome was assessed using EuroQOL five-dimensional interview administration questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L™) and EuroQOL Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS™). Results Of these, 92.9% had one or more osteomyelitis risk factor, including smoking and diabetes. Samples from 78.6% grew at least one pathogen. Only 42.9% achieved remission after initial treatment, but 85.7% were in remission at final follow-up, with no signs of recurrence throughout the follow-up period (mean: 21.4 months). The average treatment cost was £39,249.50 with a net mean loss of £19,080.10 when funding was considered. The mean-derived EQ-5D score was 0.360 and the mean EQ-VAS score was 61.7, lower than their values for United Kingdom’s general population, p = 0.0018 and p = 0.013 respectively. Conclusions Chronic femoral osteomyelitis treatment is difficult, resulting in significant economic burden. With previous studies showing cheaper osteomyelitis treatment at specialist centres, our net financial loss incurred suggests the need for management at specialised centres.

scholarly journals Localisation and regulation of cholesterol transporters in the human hair follicle: mapping changes across the hair cycle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan A. Palmer ◽  
Eleanor Smart ◽  
Iain S. Haslam
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Transport Proteins ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Hair Cycle ◽  
Human Hair Follicle

AbstractCholesterol has long been suspected of influencing hair biology, with dysregulated homeostasis implicated in several disorders of hair growth and cycling. Cholesterol transport proteins play a vital role in the control of cellular cholesterol levels and compartmentalisation. This research aimed to determine the cellular localisation, transport capability and regulatory control of cholesterol transport proteins across the hair cycle. Immunofluorescence microscopy in human hair follicle sections revealed differential expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters across the hair cycle. Cholesterol transporter expression (ABCA1, ABCG1, ABCA5 and SCARB1) reduced as hair follicles transitioned from growth to regression. Staining for free cholesterol (filipin) revealed prominent cholesterol striations within the basement membrane of the hair bulb. Liver X receptor agonism demonstrated active regulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1, but not ABCA5 or SCARB1 in human hair follicles and primary keratinocytes. These results demonstrate the capacity of human hair follicles for cholesterol transport and trafficking. Future studies examining the role of cholesterol transport across the hair cycle may shed light on the role of lipid homeostasis in human hair disorders.

Use of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase Activity as a Marker of Hair Cycle and Anagen Induction in Mouse Hair Follicles

1994 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas T. Kawabe ◽  
Allen E. Buhl ◽  
Marc F. Kubicek ◽  
Garland A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Hair Cycle ◽  
Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽  
Anagen Induction

scholarly journals Annurca Apple Polyphenols Protect Murine Hair Follicles from Taxane Induced Dystrophy and Hijacks Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism toward β-Oxidation

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennaro Riccio ◽  
Eduardo Sommella ◽  
Nadia Badolati ◽  
Emanuela Salviati ◽  
Sara Bottone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Polyphenolic Extract

Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) is a common side effect of conventional chemotherapy and represents a major problem in clinical oncology. Even months after the end of chemotherapy, many cancer patients complain of hair loss, a condition that is psychologically difficult to manage. CIA disturbs social and sexual interactions and causes anxiety and depression. Synthetic drugs protecting from CIA and endowed with hair growth stimulatory properties are prescribed with caution by oncologists. Hormones, growth factors, morphogens could unwontedly protect tumour cells or induce cancer cell proliferation and are thus considered incompatible with many chemotherapy regimens. Nutraceuticals, on the contrary, have been shown to be safe and effective treatment options for hair loss. We here show that polyphenols from Malus Pumila Miller cv Annurca are endowed with hair growth promoting activity and can be considered a safe alternative to avoid CIA. In vitro, Annurca Apple Polyphenolic Extract (AAE) protects murine Hair Follicles (HF) from taxanes induced dystrophy. Moreover, in virtue of its mechanism of action, AAE is herein proven to be compatible with chemotherapy regimens. AAE forces HFs to produce ATP using mitochondrial β-oxidation, reducing Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) rate and nucleotides production. As consequence, DNA replication and mitosis are not stimulated, while a pool of free amino acids usually involved in catabolic reactions are spared for keratin production. Moreover, measuring the effect exerted on Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) metabolism, we prove that AAE promotes hair-growth by increasing the intracellular levels of Prostaglandins F2α (PGF2α) and by hijacking PUFA catabolites toward β-oxidation.

scholarly journals Treatment with penicillin G and hydrocortisone reduces ALS-associated symptoms: a case series of three patients

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Tuk ◽  
Harmen Jousma ◽  
Pieter J. Gaillard
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Respiratory Depression ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Associated Symptoms ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Caucasian Patients ◽  
Progressive Dysphagia

Three male Caucasian patients with ALS were admitted to the hospital due to progressive dysphagia and dysarthria. During two 21-day courses of penicillin G and hydrocortisone, these patients’ dysphagia and dysarthria resolved. The patient’s other ALS-associated symptoms also improved, including respiratory function, coordination, walking, and muscle strength. This is the first report of a treatment with a protocol for treating dysphagia, dysarthria, respiratory depression and other ALS-related symptoms. Furthermore, the observations are consistent with the recent hypothesis that the successful treatment of ALS symptoms with this treatment course in six patients with syphilitic ALS was not directly due to the treatment of syphilis; but that the administered penicillin G and/or hydrocortisone treated these patients’ ALS symptoms due the off-target pharmacological activity of penicillin G and/or hydrocortisone. This report therefore underscores the need to evaluate the efficacy of this treatment course in a clinical trial.

Disorders of Hair

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Q Del Rosso
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Androgenetic Alopecia ◽  
Broad Overview

A basic knowledge of the hair growth cycle is needed to evaluate disorders of hair growth. This chapter presents a broad overview of the physiology and evaluation of hair growth, as well as discussions of specific types of alopecia. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of androgenetic alopecia, the most common type of nonscarring hair loss, are covered. Diffuse hair shedding is generalized hair loss over the entire scalp. Diagnosis and treatment of telogen effluvium, anagen arrest (anagen effluvium), and other causes of diffuse hair shedding are covered in detail. Alopecia areata, typically characterized by patchy hair loss; cicatricial alopecia, which results from permanent scarring of the hair follicles; and miscellaneous causes of hair loss are also discussed. Tables list the causes of diffuse and cicatricial alopecia, telogen effluvium, and miscellaneous chemicals and categories of drugs that can cause alopecia, as well as miscellaneous causes of hair loss. Included is an algorithm outlining the approach to diagnosing nonscarring alopecia, as well as a variety of clinical photographs. This review contains 9 highly rendered figures, 6 tables, and 42 references.

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