J. ZALEWSKI’S ACTIVITY AS DIRECTOR OF THE CENTRAL POLISH STATE LIBRARY IN KIEV IN1925–1931

The purpose of the article is an attempt to discover and analyze the activity of J. А. Zalewski (1894–?) аs director of the Central Polish State Library in Kiev in 1925–1931, on the background of the development of the main components of its functioning, to characterize the main achievements of his personal contribution as a director of the library in connection with the formation of the book collection as one of the leading library institutions in the city. In his scientific work the author has widely used historical-comparative, historical-genetic, statistical, chronological, biographical methods of research, the method of diachronic analysis, etc. The article analyzes the main socio-cultural factors of the development of the Central Polish State Library in Kiev, the dynamics of the main library components of its work and the main directions and achievements of book collections under the direction of J. А. Zalevsky during the specified period. Against the background of the characteristics of J. А. Zalevsky’s activity as a library director, the growth of book collections, composition and range of library readers, their reading interests, as well as the dynamics of the main library activity indicators of book collections under the direction of J. А. Zalevsky were investigated. The main directions of the work of J. А. Zalevsky as director of book collections and the sphere of the most important tasks of the library during the studied period are identified and characterized. The importance of activity of J. А. Zalevsky as a director of the library through the prism of the main tendencies of its development is analyzed. It was found that the sustainable development and successful activity of the Central Polish State Library in Kiev under of the direction J. А. Zalewski in 1925–1931 were limited by the shortcomings of the material and technical base, lack of funds, lack of systematic acquisition of books in Polish language, insufficient the number of publications published in Polish on the territory of the country, as well as political and socio-cultural factors of the country’s social life in the conditions of strengthening of the state totalitarian regime of the party bureaucracy and the curtailment of gender roots of rooting, ”which began at the turn of the 1920s‑1930s. However, thanks to J. Zalewski’s leadership, despite all the obstacles and objective difficulties, the work of the Central Polish State Library in Kyiv during the second half of the 1920s evolved steadily. Slowly, the bookstore was transformed into a cultural, educational, scientific and organizational-methodical center, which provided not only ordinary readers but also many experts who studied the history and culture of the Polish and Ukrainian peoples with the necessary information sources and bibliographic materials. Under the guidance of J. Zalewski of the Central Polish State Library in Kiev actively carried out cultural-educational,cultural-mass, educational and scientific-bibliographic work, in particular in book collections organized classes with graduate students, held certain measures to improve the skills of library staff of Polish libraries, organized exhibitions, lectures, creative evenings, exchange of library experience and more. Under the pretext of J. Zalewski, employees of the Central Polish State Library in Kiev carried out extensive organizational and methodological work; created Polish mobile libraries serving the Polish population in remote regions of the country; helped to organize new Polish departments at district book collections in many cities of Ukraine. It was at the turn of the 1920s‑1930s, when the institution was headed by J. Zalewski, that the greatest growth rate of development of the Central Polish State Library in Kiev was observed, when a certain network of Polish libraries, reading rooms and clubs was almost formed in the Ukrainian SSR.

BOOKS FROM THE SERGE LIFAR’S COLLECTION IN THE FUND OF THE VERNADSKY NATIONAL LIBRARY OF UKRAINE

The publication presents information about rarities from the collection of prominent Ukrainian and French artist, collector and bibliophile Serge Lifar (1905–1986) in the fund of the Department of early printed and rare books of the Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine (VNLU). Dancer, choreographer, artist S. Lifar has been collecting personal documents, posters, cultural objects, books, various souvenirs, etc. for decades. He wanted to donate items from his personal collection as a gift to his hometown of Kyiv. In the 1990s and 2000s, parts of his collections and personal belongings were transferred to several Kyiv institutions. Rarities from his book collection came to the VNLU as part of the collection of Baron Eduard Falz-Fein, who bought part of his library at auction in Monte Carlo and donated it to the VNLU in 1981. S. Lifar’s books in the collection of E. Falz-Fein are singled out with the help of his proprietary marks: signets, paper stickers, autographs, gift inscriptions, etc. They date from the 17th – early 20th c. Among them predominate Russian-language editions of the 18th‑19th c. Widely represented editions of works by Russian and Ukrainian writers: O. Pushkin, V. Zhukovsky, A. Fet, M. Lermontov, I. Krylov, G. Derzhavin, M. Gogol, P. Kulish, and others. S. Lifar also collected various artistic lithographic albums, large-format editions with portraits, drawings, maps, etc. Essays on Russian imperial history, geography, descriptions of places, and collections of decrees are also contained in the collection. The church theme is represented by several copies of old prints in different languages and fonts. Cyrillic liturgical editions are also available in the collection. Several editions of the Bible in Old Slavonic and Dutch occupy a proper place in the collection. The publication presents the features of individual copies of the collection. It is concluded that the book collection of S. Lifar is able to inform the inquisitive reader about new facets of the personality of its former owner. Scattered across various institutions and even countries, it is still waiting for its researchers. The information is supplemented by a list with a brief descriptions and current shelf numbers.

«NON-PROFESSORAL CORPORATION»: NON-ACADEMIC EMPLOYEES OF THE ODESA BIBLIOGRAPHIC SOCIETY (TO THE 110TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FIRST ASSOCIATION OF BIBLIOLOGISTS IN UKRAINE)

The purpose of this article is to study how individuals who did not work in universities or academies, were teachers of secondary educational institutions, officials, and public figures took part in the activities of the Odesa Bibliographic Society. In the history of OBS, we can distinguish the following stages: 1) 1911–1914 – the stage of stability, prosperity; 2) 1914–1917 – the stage in the conditions of the first World War, which had a significant impact on the subject, personnel, etc.; 3) 1917–1919 – the period of crisis in the conditions of revolutionary events, when OBS increasingly operated not because of, but in spite of circumstances; 4) 1920–1923 – the period of adaptation to new conditions communist reality, where OBS acted as a bearer of previous traditions. In the end, this was led to the liquidation of the society in its original form, but, at the same time, in fact, the transformation into a Ukrainian bibliographic society, which largely continued the traditions of the “old”. During all these stages, non-academic individuals played an important role in the development of OBS. They participated in all aspects of the OBS’s activities, in particular, replenishing the society’s library, reading reports, and so on. Among them, a large and active group consisted of women, which was a unique phenomenon for the culture of Odessa. They were high school teachers, representatives of the city’s elite. A fairly active role in the life of society, in addition to Odesa members, was played by those who were outside of Odessa. Most often, such persons did not take an active part in societies. But MBT managed to break this trend, as evidenced by the examples of Londoner V. S. Isakovich, Petersburgers O. S. Partsevsky, O. Z. Popelnitsky, M. G. Martynov, a citizen of Riga V. E. Cheshikhin. For the trends of the beginning twentieth century, it is significant that exactly the involvement of non-academic members led to the transformation of OBS into one of the most prominent centers of popularization of Ukrainian culture in Odessa, that was most clearly reflected in the reports of L. O. Chizhikov, S. P. Shelukhin, N. M. Lazurskaya, O. O. Smirnitsky, A. P. Milskaya and others. Thus, we have an example of successful activity of a scientific society, primarily due to the expansion of its social base and the involvement of the public. Popularization of science, blurring the line between “heavy” science for science and public science is quite modern, relevant trend that has both pros and cons. Historical experience should contribute to the development of the most successful approaches.

REPOSITORIES OF HIGHER PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR SCIENTIFIC LIBRARIES

On the basis of the content analysis of substantial filling of repositories of participating libraries of network of educational libraries, key indicators of activity of library institutions of institutions of the higher pedagogical education in the context of respect for the principles of open science are considered. Scientific metrics of the above principles are given, determining scientific searches in line with differentiation of the typical composition of the institutional repository digital content in accordance with the following requirements: determination of quantitative indicators of scientific and educational materials loaded into repositories; Establishing the structure of funds, sub-funds, thematic collections and institutional repositories; Identification of their distribution on the Internet. On the basis of the established sample of libraries of higher educational institutions, general statistical indicators of the typical content of institutional repositories are established and presented. The activities of scientific libraries of higher educational institutions in the process of improving the presentation of user and analytical services in the content, which will promote published documents, will make it possible to monitor the number of views and downloads of documents in institutional repositories. Viewing the web pages of institutional repositories of libraries confirmed the author’s statement: library structures form and technologically accompany the process of meaningful formation of institutional repositories by means of developing thematic electronic collections, expanding the base of educational resources and recording the results of scientific research in the public domain. So, in the structure of information support for training and scientific research in institutions of higher pedagogical education carried out by library structures, we observe two innovative trends: traditional communication channels of perception of the library institution are expanded in accordance with modern requirements and principles of open science, in particular, through an increase in the typical composition of digital content and a modification of the information and analytical range of activities of scientific libraries of institutions of higher pedagogical education.

INTERACTION – CATEGORY OF DYNAMIC CHANGES IN MODERN LIBRARY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE OF UKRAINE

Actualization of the task of successful realization of the important social mission in the conditions of aggravation of a competition and digitalization motivates domestic libraries to establishment and strengthening of interaction in general. The purpose of the article is to represent interaction as a defining category of effective transformations and dynamic changes in modern domestic library science and practice. The methodology research consists in the application of general scientific and special methods, namely: analysis, synthesis and generalization, as well as comparative-historical, retrospective, problem-chronological methods. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the expansion of ideas about the importance of interaction for the development of the library and information sphere of the state. The analysis carried out in the article allows to state: multifunctional library interaction as a defining category of effective transformations and dynamic changes in modern domestic library science and practice is: 1) is an integral part of information and communication activities and is carried out on the principles of independence, equality and mutual benefit; 2) the optimal way to form a dialogic communicative paradigm for the development of world cultures and civilization in general for the sake of political stability and economic progress; 3) the key to the competitiveness of the library business of Ukraine, as a center of access to a much larger universe of knowledge in a global information environment; 4) an effective and promising tool for the implementation of the strategic task of integration into the world scientific, educational and cultural space of national culture and science; 5) the tested mechanism of mutual enrichment with social experience and affirmation of universal values.

GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE DOCUMENT: CHANGES AND ADDITIONS

Object, theme, purpose of work. The article is devoted to one of major problems of typology of document: general classification of document. A research purpose is to optimize the chart of general classification of document, specify some terms and offer material for a further discussion for development of typology of document. Method or methodology of realization of work. The research methodology is based on the information and communication approach, which allows to determine the features of the classification of the document, which ensure the fixation of information in the document and its transmission in society. The study is aimed at developing a general theory of the document, so take into account primarily the features inherent in all documents, regardless of their purpose. A comparative analysis of various concepts of the general classification of the document and the proposed terms and concepts is carred out. Presenting main material. The classification of the document is considered on the following blocks of facets: Types of the document on features of the information carrier; Types of the document on features of fixing of the information (creation of the document); Types of the document on sign means of fixing and transfer of the information (on a signaling component); Types of document on the possibilities of perception of information (perceptual component); Types of the document according to its information component; Types of the document according to the circumstances of the document’s existence in the external environment. The composition of the blocks has been revised; some facets have been added, others have been removed from the general document classification table. The names and definitions of certain types of documents have been clarified. Industry of application of results. Research results will be drawn in educational and practical activity in science and industries, related to information and documentation. Conclusions. As a result of research the signs on which it is necessary to carry out the general classification of the document, names and sequence of blocks from which the general multifaceted classification consists, the characteristic of separate types of the document are specified. A promising direction for the further development of the general classification of the document should be both the solution of problems inherent in this classification, and the wider popularization of already achieved results, their implementation in various fields of document science.

STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF BOOK ACQUISITION OF THE ODESSA RICHELIEU LYCEUM LIBRARY AFTER OFFICIAL LYCEUM PERIODICALS

The article is devoted to the official periodicals of the Richelieu Lyceum being an important source of the history of the Lyceum library. In 1838 the official printed edition of the Richelieu Lyceum entitled Discourses delivered at the ceremonial meeting of the Richelieu Lyceum began to be published, the title later changed to Annual Speech Day in the Richelieu Lyceum (1845) and Ceremonial Speech Day of the Richelieu Lyceum (1857). A complete set of the periodical (1838‑1864) is being conserved in the stocks of the Scientific Library of the Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University. The compilers of the official Lyceum periodical aimed at collecting materials for the history of the Richelieu Lyceum as well as disclosing the main aspects of its activities. The purpose of the official publication was to prepare materials for the history of this institution and show the main aspects and real manifestations of its activities and life. The information provided by the official periodicals of the institution is mostly informative. The official edition of the Richelieu Lyceum was published by the management of the educational institution. It usually included scientific reports of professors of Richelieu Lyceum and reports on the work of the institution for the last academic year, the publication could be accompanied by the publication of tables of distribution of teaching hours between teachers of Richelieu Lyceum, texts of ceremonial songs performed by lyceum students district. The contents of the official periodical is strictly informational providing important, although incomplete data on the dynamics of book acquisition of the educational institution, structure of the library, acting librarians, compiling catalogs and inventory of the library stocks, as well as giving facts on donators and teaching staff and lyceum students participating in the library activities.

«NATIONAL IDEAL OF FAIRNESS»: FROM REALITY TO CONCEPTUALISATION

Rec. on the book: Kotlyar Yu. Peasant uprising in Mykolayiv region (1918‑1921): monograph / Yu. Kotlyar. - Mykolaiv: Publishing house of ChNU named after Petra Mogili, 2021. - 124 p. - (Historical Library of Moscow State University).

RED W. SMITH NATIONAL LIBRARY FOR THE STUDY OF GEORGE WASHINGTON, АS UNIQUE INFORMATION RESOURCE

Purpose. The article by Svetlana Polovyk and Natalia Morshny «Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington as a Unique Information Resource» reveals current issues of the Fred Smith National Library for the study of George Washington, which are analyzed in the context of history and creation of documentary fund as a set of information resources USA and the activities of the founder of the George Washington Institute of Presidential Power. Methodology. The research methodology is based on the application of general scientific principles of historicism, consistency, complexity, objectivity, comprehensiveness of knowledge. This was facilitated by the use of methods of analysis, abstraction, synthesis and generalization. Finding. Analysis of the composition and content of special collections stored in the library showed their important complementarity, because only together they form a single documentary and information space, which gives a real opportunity to join the historical context of an important state institution – the presidency. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is that the documentary heritage of D. Washington is studied as a single cultural and historical complex of the library. Practical value. Implementation of the experience Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington in the work of similar structures in Ukraine. Results. The study concludes that the history of the formation and development of the Fred Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington is closely linked to the history of the state, its ideological and sociocultural priorities. Among the main areas of use of the first president’s documentary heritage are scientific, cultural and educational projects aimed at understanding the cultural and political heritage of D. Washington and the conditions of formation and development of American statehood.

HOUSE WITH METEOROLOGICAL MESONIN, OR SOME INFORMATION FROM RELIABLE SOURCES THAT CONTRIBUTES TO COMPLETING THE HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY

The article deals with the history of the institutions where meteorological and geomagnetic research originated and developed in the south of Ukraine in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries as well as their close ties with the history of the Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the Novorossiysky University. Professors of Novorossiysky University V. I. Lapshin and F. N. Shvedov were those to whom the Department of Physical Geography owed its appearance. Teaching meteorological disciplines and scientific observations were initially conducted by the staff of the Department at the meteorological station of the University. In 1894, thanks to the efforts of prof. A. V. Klosovsky a special Meteorological observatory was constructed in the area of the Small Fountain of Odessa. In 1905, geomagnetic measurements were launched. Research works at the Magnetic Meteorological Observatory were carried out under the guidance of a number of scientists-geophysicists, M. A. Aganin, S. G. Popruzhenko, I. Ya. Tochidlovsky and P. T. Pasalsky being the most famous. In 1920, the University was closed and Observatory was transformed into an independent Odessa Geophysical Observatory. As soon as the Odessa State University was restored in 1933, the Observatory was given back to its Alma mater. However, since the postwar years it has been a part of the Odessa Hydrometeorological Center of the Black and Azov Seas.