scholarly journals The Effect of Raw Mesocarp Fibre Inclusion on the Durability Properties of Lightweight Foamed Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Azree Othuman Mydin
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Foamed Concrete ◽  
Applied Forces

Researchers around the globe have recognised the potential need for lightweight, reliable, easy to use, affordable, and even more sustainable building materials. One of the vanguard proposals has been the procurement, development and use of alternative, non-conventional local building materials, which includes the possibility of utilising lightweight foamed concrete (LFC). LFC is excellent under compression but poor in tensile stress, as it produces multiple microcracks. LFC cannot withstand the tensile stress induced by applied forces without additional reinforcing elements. This research was conducted to examine the potential utilisation of oil palm mesocarp fibre-reinforced (OPMF) LFC in terms of its durability. Two densities, 600 kg/m3 and 1,200 kg/m3, were cast and tested with five different percentages of OPMF, which were 0.00% (control), 0.15%, 0.30%, 0.45% and 0.60%. The parameters evaluated were water absorption, porosity, drying shrinkage, ultrasonic pulse velocity. The results revealed that the inclusion of OPMF in LFC helps to minimise water absorption and the porosity of LFC. Moreover, the inclusion of OPMF also improves the drying shrinkage and ultrasonic pulse velocity of LFC.

scholarly journals A Study on Tannery Sludge as a Raw Material for Cement Mortar

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurgita Malaiškienė ◽  
Olga Kizinievič ◽  
Viktor Kizinievič
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Tannery Sludge ◽  
Limit Values

The paper analyses the properties (chemical and mineral composition, microstructure, density, etc.) of recycled tannery sludge (TS) and the possibilities for using it in cement mortar mixture. Mortar specimens containing 3–12% of tannery sludge by weight of cement and 3–9% of tannery sludge by weight of sand were tested. Flowability, density, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), flexural and compressive strength, water absorption and sorptivity of the mortar were analysed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of tannery sludge and mortar are presented. The tests revealed that replacement of 6% of cement with tannery sludge in the mix increased flexural and compressive strength and UPV values, whereas water absorption decreased. SEM and XRD analysis revealed that specimens with tannery sludge contained lower amounts of ettringite and higher amounts of portlandite; the obtained structure was denser and contained more calcium hydrosilicates (C-S-H). Chromium leaching values in cement mortars were found not to exceed the limit values set forth in Directive 2003/33/EC.

Effect of high temperature on the mechanical behavior of cement-bonded wood composite produced with wood waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Mehmet Canbaz ◽  
İlkay Kara ◽  
İlker Bekir Topçu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Wood Composite ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Composite Production ◽  
Materials Used

The increase in the population day by day and urbanization has led to a rapid increase in the construction sector. With the increase in demand in construction, the product types of building materials are increasing. It is seen that wastes are formed during and after the production of the materials used in the building. This highlights studies on waste management and recycling of waste.  After construction activities, wastes are recycled or converted to secondary products. One of these is wood waste, a traditional building material. In addition to the production of wood furniture, it is used in various areas from the beginning of construction to the end of the building. In this study, sawdust, which is the waste of a woodworking company, was used. Utilizing the advantages of wood, recyclable and sustainable cement bonded wood composite production practices have been explored. It is aimed to produce nature and environment friendly, ecological and economic and durable composite materials. In this research, it is aimed to determine the optimum ratio by using different ratios of sawdust-cement while keeping the water-cement ratio constant in production. The specimens taken from the production were exposed to high temperature after gaining strength. The strength results, unit weights and ultrasonic pulse velocity results of cement bonded wood composite samples exposed to high temperature were examined. Although cement bonded wood composites are exposed to high temperatures such as 400°C, it has been observed that strength is achieved. With this study, an alternative area was proposed for the evaluation of these wastes.

scholarly journals Using Carbonated BOF Slag Aggregates in Alkali-Activated Concretes

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mastali ◽  
Ahmad Alzaza ◽  
Khaled Mohammad Shaad ◽  
Paivo Kinnunen ◽  
Zahra Abdollahnejad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Maximum Enhancement ◽  
Bof Slag ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Compressive And Flexural Strengths ◽  
Alkali Activated

This experimental study aimed to develop alkali-activated concretes containing carbonated basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag aggregates. In the first stage, the impacts of replacing normal aggregates with carbonated BOF slag aggregates in different alkali-activated concretes were determined by assessing mechanical properties (compressive and flexural strengths), morphology, thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), differential thermogravimetry (DTG) and the crystalline phases using X-ray diffraction analysis. Second, the developed plain alkali-activated concrete was reinforced by different fibre types and dosages to limit the negative impacts of the drying shrinkage and to improve strength. Therefore, the effects of using different fibre contents (1% and 1.5% in Vol.) and types (Polyvinyl alcohol [PVA], Polypropylene [PP], basalt, cellulose and indented short-length steel) on hardened state properties were evaluated. These evaluations were expressed in terms of the compressive and flexural strengths, ultrasonic pulse velocity, mass changes, drying shrinkage and efflorescence. Then, the impacts of aggressive conditions on the hardened properties of fibre-reinforced alkali-activated concretes were evaluated under carbonation, high temperature and freeze/thaw tests. The results showed that using carbonated BOF slag aggregates led to obtain higher strength than using normal aggregates in alkali activated concretes. Moreover, the maximum enhancement due to reinforcing the mixtures was recorded in alkali-activated concretes with steel fibres.

scholarly journals A Study on the Influence of Oil Palm Trunk Fiber on Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) and Shrinkage of Foamcrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Md Azree Othuman Mydin ◽  
Mohd Nasrun Mohd Nawi ◽  
Muhammad Arkam Che Munaaim ◽  
Othman Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Oil Palm Trunk

Presently there is increasing attention in utilization foamcrete as a lightweight non-structural and semi-structural element in buildings to take advantage of its excellent insulation properties. Though, foamcrete has been noticed to have some disadvantages: considerable brittleness; results in low compressive and flexural strength, poor fracture toughness, poor resistance to crack propagation and low impact strength. Hence this study is intended to look into the potential of oil palm trunk (OPT) fiber in enhancing the engineering properties of foamcrete. There are 2 engineering properties will be focused in this study which are ultrasonic pulse velocity and drying shrinkage. Two densities of foamcrete of 600 kg/m3, 1200 kg/m3 were cast and tested. The ratio of cement, sand and water used in this study was 1:1.5:0.45. OPT fibers were used as additives at 0.15%, 0.30%, 0.45% and 0.60% by volume of the total mix. Test results indicated that the engineering properties of foamcrete reinforced with OPT fiber had amplified thoroughly.

scholarly journals Enhancing Sustainable Concrete Properties by Green Vegetable Substance

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.37) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Zainab Hasan Abdulabbas ◽  
Marwa Asad Salih ◽  
Ali Talib Jasim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Concrete Properties ◽  
Concrete Production

From several points of view, disposal of waste materials in an environment is respected to be a significant problem because of its very low biodegradability and existence in huge quantities. Waste of plastic and metal bottles caps, cans of juices and soft drink, and tires rubber being among the most pronounced. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of reusing these waste materials in concrete production and solve the segregation problem. As segregation increases in concrete involving these waste materials due to lighter weight of them relative to nature aggregate, therefore, attention was intensive on using natural product (Gum Arabic) that is an environmentally friendly chemical material for improving concrete properties. The conducted tests include; compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, density, water absorption, and ultrasonic pulse velocity. The results showed that replacing the volume of coarse aggregate by 25% compacted bottles caps and pull-tab of cans, 20% the plastic bottle caps, and 25% tires rubber shreds used decreased the mechanical properties of concrete to some extent less than reference mix and they were enhanced by employing Gum Arabic. In addition, the employment of Gum Arabic as liquid in concrete mixes developed the mechanical properties of concrete, reduced segregation, however raised the water absorption percent and declined the density of concrete.  

scholarly journals Effect of Peat on Physicomechanical Properties of Cemented Brick

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Mofachirul Islam ◽  
Roslan Hashim ◽  
A. B. M. Saiful Islam ◽  
Ryan Kurnia
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Physicomechanical Properties ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Materials Used

The popularity of low cost, lightweight, and environmentally affable masonry unit in building industry carries the need to investigate more flexible and adaptable brick component as well as to retain the requirements confirmed in building standards. In this study, potential use of local materials used as lightweight building materials in solving the economic problems of housing has been investigated. Experimental studies on peat added bricks have been carried out. It demonstrates the physicomechanical properties of bricks and investigates the influence of peat, sand, and cement solid bricks to the role of various types of constructional applications. The achieved compressive strength, spitting strength, flexural strength, unit weight, and ultrasonic pulse velocity are significantly reduced and the water absorption is increased with percentage wise replacement of peat as aggregate in the samples. The maximum 20% of (% mass) peat content meets the requirements of relevant well-known international standards. The experimental values illustrate that, the 44% volumetric replacement with peat did not exhibit any sudden brittle fracture even beyond the ultimate loads and a comparatively smooth surface is found. The application of peat as efficient brick substance shows a potential to be used for wall and a viable solution in the economic buildings design.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Preplaced Aggregate Concrete Fabricated with Alkali-Activated Slag/Fly Ash Cements

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
Salman Siddique ◽  
Hyeju Kim ◽  
Hyemin Son ◽  
Jeong Gook Jang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Cement Grout ◽  
Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Alkali Activated ◽  
Alkali Activated Cement

This study assesses the characteristics of preplaced aggregate concrete prepared with alkali-activated cement grout as an adhesive binder. Various binary blends of slag and fly ash without fine aggregate as a filler material were considered along with different solution-to-solid ratios. The properties of fresh and hardened grout along with the properties of hardened preplaced concrete were investigated, as were the compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, density, water absorption and total voids of the preplaced concrete. The results indicated that alkali-activated cement grout has better flowability characteristics and compressive strength than conventional cement grout. As a result, the mechanical performance of the preplaced aggregate concrete was significantly improved. The results pertaining to the water absorption and porosity revealed that the alkali-activated preplaced aggregate concrete is more resistant to water permeation. The filling capacity based on the ultrasonic pulse velocity value is discussed to comment on the wrapping ability of alkali-activated cement grout.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Modified Rubberized Concrete Exposed to Aggressive Environments

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1900
Author(s):  
Akram M. Mhaya ◽  
Mohammad Hajmohammadian Baghban ◽  
Iman Faridmehr ◽  
Ghasan Fahim Huseien ◽  
Ahmad Razin Zainal Abidin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Rubberized Concrete ◽  
Natural Aggregate ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Tire Crumbs

Recycling of the waste rubber tire crumbs (WRTCs) for the concretes production generated renewed interest worldwide. The insertion of such waste as a substitute for the natural aggregates in the concretes is an emergent trend for sustainable development towards building materials. Meanwhile, the enhanced resistance of the concrete structures against aggressive environments is important for durability, cost-saving, and sustainability. In this view, this research evaluated the performance of several modified rubberized concretes by exposing them to aggressive environments i.e., acid, and sulphate attacks, elevated temperatures. These concrete (12 batches) were made by replacing the cement and natural aggregate with an appropriate amount of the granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) and WRTCs, respectively. The proposed mix designs’ performance was evaluated by several measures, including the residual compressive strength (CS), weight loss, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), microstructures, etc. Besides, by using the available experimental test database, an optimized artificial neural network (ANN) combined with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) was developed to estimate the residual CS of modified rubberized concrete after immersion one year in MgSO4 and H2SO4 solutions. The results indicated that modified rubberized concrete prepared by 5 to 20% WRTCs as a substitute to natural aggregate, provided lower CS and weight lose expose to sulphate and acid attacks compared to control specimen prepared by ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Although the CS were slightly declined at the elevated temperature, these proposed mix designs have a high potential for a wide variety of concrete industrial applications, especially in acid and sulphate risk.

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