Potential of Oil Palm Trunk Fiber Biomass Waste on Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Drying Shrinkage of Foamed Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Oil Palm Trunk ◽  
Foamed Concrete

scholarly journals A Study on the Influence of Oil Palm Trunk Fiber on Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) and Shrinkage of Foamcrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Md Azree Othuman Mydin ◽  
Mohd Nasrun Mohd Nawi ◽  
Muhammad Arkam Che Munaaim ◽  
Othman Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Oil Palm Trunk

Presently there is increasing attention in utilization foamcrete as a lightweight non-structural and semi-structural element in buildings to take advantage of its excellent insulation properties. Though, foamcrete has been noticed to have some disadvantages: considerable brittleness; results in low compressive and flexural strength, poor fracture toughness, poor resistance to crack propagation and low impact strength. Hence this study is intended to look into the potential of oil palm trunk (OPT) fiber in enhancing the engineering properties of foamcrete. There are 2 engineering properties will be focused in this study which are ultrasonic pulse velocity and drying shrinkage. Two densities of foamcrete of 600 kg/m3, 1200 kg/m3 were cast and tested. The ratio of cement, sand and water used in this study was 1:1.5:0.45. OPT fibers were used as additives at 0.15%, 0.30%, 0.45% and 0.60% by volume of the total mix. Test results indicated that the engineering properties of foamcrete reinforced with OPT fiber had amplified thoroughly.

scholarly journals The Effect of Raw Mesocarp Fibre Inclusion on the Durability Properties of Lightweight Foamed Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Azree Othuman Mydin
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Foamed Concrete ◽  
Applied Forces

Researchers around the globe have recognised the potential need for lightweight, reliable, easy to use, affordable, and even more sustainable building materials. One of the vanguard proposals has been the procurement, development and use of alternative, non-conventional local building materials, which includes the possibility of utilising lightweight foamed concrete (LFC). LFC is excellent under compression but poor in tensile stress, as it produces multiple microcracks. LFC cannot withstand the tensile stress induced by applied forces without additional reinforcing elements. This research was conducted to examine the potential utilisation of oil palm mesocarp fibre-reinforced (OPMF) LFC in terms of its durability. Two densities, 600 kg/m3 and 1,200 kg/m3, were cast and tested with five different percentages of OPMF, which were 0.00% (control), 0.15%, 0.30%, 0.45% and 0.60%. The parameters evaluated were water absorption, porosity, drying shrinkage, ultrasonic pulse velocity. The results revealed that the inclusion of OPMF in LFC helps to minimise water absorption and the porosity of LFC. Moreover, the inclusion of OPMF also improves the drying shrinkage and ultrasonic pulse velocity of LFC.

scholarly journals Using Carbonated BOF Slag Aggregates in Alkali-Activated Concretes

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mastali ◽  
Ahmad Alzaza ◽  
Khaled Mohammad Shaad ◽  
Paivo Kinnunen ◽  
Zahra Abdollahnejad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Maximum Enhancement ◽  
Bof Slag ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Compressive And Flexural Strengths ◽  
Alkali Activated

This experimental study aimed to develop alkali-activated concretes containing carbonated basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag aggregates. In the first stage, the impacts of replacing normal aggregates with carbonated BOF slag aggregates in different alkali-activated concretes were determined by assessing mechanical properties (compressive and flexural strengths), morphology, thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), differential thermogravimetry (DTG) and the crystalline phases using X-ray diffraction analysis. Second, the developed plain alkali-activated concrete was reinforced by different fibre types and dosages to limit the negative impacts of the drying shrinkage and to improve strength. Therefore, the effects of using different fibre contents (1% and 1.5% in Vol.) and types (Polyvinyl alcohol [PVA], Polypropylene [PP], basalt, cellulose and indented short-length steel) on hardened state properties were evaluated. These evaluations were expressed in terms of the compressive and flexural strengths, ultrasonic pulse velocity, mass changes, drying shrinkage and efflorescence. Then, the impacts of aggressive conditions on the hardened properties of fibre-reinforced alkali-activated concretes were evaluated under carbonation, high temperature and freeze/thaw tests. The results showed that using carbonated BOF slag aggregates led to obtain higher strength than using normal aggregates in alkali activated concretes. Moreover, the maximum enhancement due to reinforcing the mixtures was recorded in alkali-activated concretes with steel fibres.

scholarly journals STATE OF THE ART OF TANK STRUCTURAL EVALUATION REVIEW: A CASE STUDY OF AN ELEVATED CONCRETE WATER TANK CONCERNING CRACK INITIATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 90-106
Author(s):  
Taufiq Rochman ◽  
Suhariyanto
Keyword(s):  
Crack Initiation ◽  
Crack Width ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Structural Evaluation ◽  
Floor Slabs

This study aims at the structural evaluation of the elevated concrete water tank condition, including crack initiation, through nondestructive testing. The growing demands for environmental quality have resulted in a rise in the design and construction of tanks and reservoirs in the construction industry. Cracks for water line leakage were found during watertight testing in concrete tanks. Long-term liquid leaking may permanently damage the tank and can contaminate the groundwater. Given the critical existence of leaked cracks in tank serviceability and durability, the contribution examines the triggers and effects of their occurrence. An inspection of the existing water tank system is conducted to ascertain its condition. The investigation included structural design checks, concrete compressive strength tests, visual assessments, hammer inspections, and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) testing with Portable Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Digital Indicating Tester (PUNDIT). This observation is made at many elevations on various sampling points on the tank structure's elements, including columns, beams, tank floor slabs, and tank wall shells. The results indicate the presence of flexural type cracks in the main beam's middle span and diagonal beams. Additionally, cracks attributed to long-term drying shrinkage were discovered on the diagonal of the floor slab and cracks of the same pattern on the main beam's middle span. The deflection estimated by structural remodeling was larger than the deflection estimated by design. The computed crack width in the main and diagonal beam exceeds the acceptable crack width.

scholarly journals Production of Lightweight Alkali Activated Mortars Using Mineral Wools

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Alzaza ◽  
Mohammad Mastali ◽  
Paivo Kinnunen ◽  
Lidija Korat ◽  
Zahra Abdollahnejad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Hardened State ◽  
Compressive And Flexural Strengths ◽  
Alkali Activated

This experimental study aimed to develop a fiber-reinforced lightweight mineral wool-based alkali activated mortar. The lightweight mineral wool-based alkali activated mortars were produced using premade foam and reinforced by polypropylene (PP) fibers. They were assessed in terms of fresh and hardened-state properties. Fresh-state properties were investigated by mini-slump tests. Hardened-state characteristics were assessed by ultrasonic pulse velocity, dry density, compressive and flexural strengths, drying shrinkage, efflorescence, water absorption, and permeable porosity. For the first time, the resistance of the synthesized lightweight mineral wool-based alkali activated mortars against harsh conditions (carbonation, freeze and thaw, and high temperature) were evaluated. The porous structures of the developed lightweight alkali activated mortars were also analyzed using an X-ray micro-computed tomography (CT) technique. Lightweight mix compositions with densities in a range of 770–1510 kg/m3, compressive strengths of 1–9 MPa, and flexural strengths of 2.6–8 MPa were developed. Increases in both density and strength after carbonation were also recorded, while a decrease of strength was noticed after exposure to freeze/thaw and high temperatures of up to 500 °C.

scholarly journals Performance of Mortars Made Using Ternary Binders with Addition of Slag, Fly Ash and Limestone Exposed to a Real Environmental Condition Compatible with Exposure Class XC3

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 5937
Author(s):  
Javier Ibáñez-Gosálvez ◽  
Teresa Real-Herraiz ◽  
José Marcos Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Eurocode 2 ◽  
Mechanical Strengths

The use of eco-friendly cements prepared with ternary binders could contribute to improving the sustainability of cement production. However, their use for manufacturing commercial cements is very low, at least in Spain. The purpose of this research is to study the behavior in the long term of mortars made with ternary binders which incorporated ground granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash, and limestone, exposed to environmental conditions compatible with the specifications of exposure class XC3 of the Eurocode 2, compared to mortars without additions and mortars with binary binders. The exposure station was placed in an underground floor of a building used as a garage with circulation of vehicles and moderately high CO2 concentration. The ternary and binary binders verified the prescriptions of cement type CEM II/B. The microstructure was characterized using mercury intrusion porosimetry and electrical resistivity. Water absorption, diffusion coefficient, carbonation depth, mechanical strengths, and ultrasonic pulse velocity were determined. A loss of microstructure refinement with time was noted for all the analyzed binders, probably related to the development of carbonation and drying shrinkage. The binary mortars with slag and fly ash and the ternary binder which combined them showed the best mechanical performance at 250 days.

scholarly journals Utilisation of Oil Palm Fibre Biomass Waste as Additives in Foamed Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Azree Othuman Mydin
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Foamed Concrete ◽  
Oil Palm Fibre ◽  
Palm Fibre

Worldwide, the construction industry has acknowledged the future demand for lightweight construction materials, with high workability, self-compacting, and environmentally friendly. Given this demand, recent innovative material namely foamed concrete (FC), has been found to reduce normal concrete’s weight potentially. However, while FC made with Ordinary Portland Cement has good compressive strength, other characteristics such as tension are relatively weak given the number of micro-cracks. Therefore, the study focused on the potential use of oil palm fibres in FC regarding their durability and mechanical properties. Notably, one of the major issues faced in the construction of reinforced FC is the corrosion of reinforcing steel which affects the behaviour and durability of concrete structures. Hence, in this study, oil palm fibres were added to improve strength and effectively reduce corrosion. Five types of fibre generated from oil palm waste were considered: oil palm trunk, oil palm frond, oil palm mesocarp and empty fruit bunch consisting of the stalk and spikelets. Specimens with a density of 1800 kg/m3 were prepared in which the weight fraction of the fibre content was kept constant at 0.45% for each mixture. Testing ages differed in testing and evaluating the parameters such as compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, porosity, water absorption, drying shrinkage and ultrasonic pulse velocity. The results showed that the incorporation of oil palm fibre in FC helped reduce water absorption, porosity and shrinkage while enhancing the compressive, flexural and tensile strength of FC.

scholarly journals Development of a cementless eco-binder as an alternative to traditional Portland cement in construction activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
Huynh Trong Phuoc ◽  
Vu Viet Hung ◽  
Bui Le Anh Tuan ◽  
Pham Huu Ha Giang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion

In this research, the performance of a cementless eco-binder, a mixture of waste materials including slag, circulating fluidized bed combustion ash (CFA), and rice husk ash (RHA) was investigated, in which CFA acted as an activator. One hundred and twenty paste samples were prepared by using the RHA/(slag + RHA) ratios of 0, 15, 30, 45% while keeping a constant ratio of CFA/(slag + RHA) at 25%. The setting period, compressive strength, the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and drying shrinkage of paste samples were determined at the samples’ age of up to 91 days. In addition, the microstructures of all paste samples were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the use of cementless eco-binder significantly increased the setting times, lower compressive strength, drying shrinkage, and UPV values compared to the control OPC sample. The maximum 91-day-old compressive strength gained by the binary binder of slag and CFA (R00C25) was 90% of that of the control specimen. Incorporation of RHA with higher replacement levels up to 45% resulted in a significant decrease in compressive strength up to 50%. Moreover, the SEM analysis revealed that there was a large difference in the microstructures of the control and the cementless eco-binder samples, in which the main hydration products were C-S-H/C-A-S-H gels and ettringite (AFt) due to relatively high amount of SO3 and SiO2 in the CFA and RHA, respectively. Thus, it can be realized that the potential for the use of slag, CFA, and RHA as a sustainable cement-free binder is promising in the construction industry, especially for lower strength or no required early high strength structures. Keywords: cementless eco-binder; circulating fluidized bed combustion; rice husk ash; slag; microstructure; compressive strength; drying shrinkage; setting time; ultrasonic pulse velocity.

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