scholarly journals PROSPECTS OF RAW MATERIALS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL IN BRAZIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Artur S. Rodrigues ◽  
Adeline C. P. Rocha ◽  
Alexandre Sylvio Vieira da Costa ◽  
Izaldir A. P. Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Social ◽  
Oil Residue ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Fuel Source

Obtaining and offering bioenergy has been identified as promising alternatives to minimize the effects caused by the uncontrolled use of oil and its derivatives. Biofuels are examples of sources of bioenergy that seek to meet the social demand in the development and establishment of concepts in the generation of new industrial technologies. In this work, information was sought from different research sources, related to the historical context of the evolution of biodiesel production with emphasis on the perspectives of the raw materials that have been most researched today, such as macauba, microalgae, sewage sludge and residual oils. Such raw materials do not compete with food production; some have great environmental advantages, such as oil residue that stops being deposited in sewers to become an alternative fuel source. In order for these alternative resources to soy to be viable for the production of biodiesel on a large scale, it is increasingly necessary to encourage public and private sector policies to insert these biomasses into the biofuel market.

scholarly journals Scaling Up Delivery of Biofortified Staple Food Crops Globally: Paths to Nourishing Millions

2021 ◽  
pp. 037957212098250
Author(s):  
Jennifer K. Foley ◽  
Kristina D. Michaux ◽  
Bho Mudyahoto ◽  
Laira Kyazike ◽  
Binu Cherian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Seed Systems ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Background: Micronutrient deficiencies affect over one quarter of the world’s population. Biofortification is an evidence-based nutrition strategy that addresses some of the most common and preventable global micronutrient gaps and can help improve the health of millions of people. Since 2013, HarvestPlus and a consortium of collaborators have made impressive progress in the enrichment of staple crops with essential micronutrients through conventional plant breeding. Objective: To review and highlight lessons learned from multiple large-scale delivery strategies used by HarvestPlus to scale up biofortification across different country and crop contexts. Results: India has strong public and private sector pearl millet breeding programs and a robust commercial seed sector. To scale-up pearl millet, HarvestPlus established partnerships with public and private seed companies, which facilitated the rapid commercialization of products and engagement of farmers in delivery activities. In Nigeria, HarvestPlus stimulated the initial acceptance and popularization of vitamin A cassava using a host of creative approaches, including “crowding in” delivery partners, innovative promotional programs, and development of intermediate raw material for industry and novel food products. In Uganda, orange sweet potato (OSP) is a traditional subsistence crop. Due to this, and the lack of formal seed systems and markets, HarvestPlus established a network of partnerships with community-based nongovernmental organizations and vine multipliers to popularize and scale-up delivery of OSP. Conclusions: Impact of biofortification ultimately depends on the development of sustainable markets for biofortified seeds and products. Results illustrate the need for context-specific, innovative solutions to promote widespread adoption.

scholarly journals THE CONTRIBUTION OF NGOS IN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION: AN EVALUATION OF STAKEHOLDERS' PERCEPTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
VIRGÍNIA TALAVEIRA VALENTINI TRISTÃO ◽  
JOSÉ AMÉRICO MARTELLI TRISTÃO
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Private Sector Organizations ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Abstract Environmental education practiced by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) presents itself as a new teaching method directed at changing habits, attitudes and social practices seeking solutions for the social-environmental degradation afflicting the contemporary world. This work seeks to identify the perception and expectations of stakeholders regarding the contribution of NGOs in environmental education. The research was guided by the Delphi method and, as a result, verified that the involved stakeholders understand that environmental education practiced by NGOs must be ample, free, professionalized and directed towards all the segments of society via partnerships with public and private sector organizations.

The Intersection of Data Analytics and Data-Driven Innovation

2020 ◽  
pp. 317-343
Author(s):  
Marcus Tanque ◽  
Harry J. Foxwell
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Managerial Practices ◽  
Project Completion ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Private Sector Organizations ◽  
Public And Private Sector

This chapter discusses businesses, key technology implementations, case studies, limitations, and trends. It also presents recommendations to improve data analysis, data-driven innovation, and big data project implementation. Small-to-large-scale project inefficiencies present unique challenges to both public and private sector institutions and their management. Data analytics management, data-driven innovation, and related project initiatives have grown in scope, scale, and frequency. This evolution is due to continued technological advances in analytical methods and computing technologies. Most public and private sector organizations do not deliver on project benefits and results. Many organizational and managerial practices emphasize these technical limitations. Specialized human and technical resources are essential for an organization's effective project completion. Functional and practical areas affecting analytics domain and ability requirements, stakeholder expectations, solution infrastructure choices, legal and ethical concerns will also be discussed in this chapter.

Private or Public Law Enforcement? The Case of Digital Anti-Piracy Policies with Illegal Non-Monitored Behaviors

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Darmon ◽  
Thomas Le Texier
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Social Planner ◽  
Private Enforcement ◽  
Digital Piracy ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public And Private Enforcement ◽  
The Impact

AbstractShould rights be publicly or privately enforced in the case of digital piracy? The emergence of large-scale anti-piracy laws and the existence of illegal non-monitored channels raise important issues for the design of anti-piracy policies. We study the impact of these demand-side policies in two enforcement settings (namely, public and private enforcement settings) with an outside adoption option for users of an illegal non-monitored channel. Our results show that public enforcement generates higher monitoring and lower price levels, and also higher legal welfare than private enforcement. However, we identify potential conflicts of interest between the legal seller and the social planner when the efficiency of the illegal non-monitored channel is low. Introducing supply-side policies, i.e. policies targeted to suppliers of illegal content, we find that they may have unexpected impacts and can damage legal welfare. We also identify situations in which the two policies are substitutes or complements.

New City Domesticity and the Tenacious Second Shift

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Johnson ◽  
Megan S. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Advice Literature ◽  
Primary Responsibility ◽  
The Social ◽  
Second Shift ◽  
New City ◽  
City Structure

Research clearly shows that, in spite of large-scale social and political changes, women still bear the primary responsibility for housework. Research explaining the unequal division of domestic labor produces mixed results. The authors argue that the “new city” structure of the modern suburbs may be partially responsible for the tenacity of the second shift. The goal of the early suburban movement was to firmly embed women's labor in the private sphere of the isolated suburban home, leaving the public cities to men. The resulting suburban domesticity was marketed through advice literature and wartime propaganda as the ideal way to raise children, sustain better marriages, and fulfill a patriotic duty. With the return of women to the workforce, the iconic 1950s private suburb gave way to a reconstitution of the public and private through the colocation of work, home, and shopping. The authors argue that these new cities take for granted the labor of women and have developed to facilitate the second shift through the commercialization of convenience. The modern urban fringe is built to make the second shift as convenient as possible and in the process continues the social and economic expropriation of women's labor.

Microbial Oil Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass – Recent Development and Prospect

2014 ◽  
Vol 541-542 ◽  
pp. 397-403
Author(s):  
Zhang Nan Lin ◽  
Hong Juan Liu ◽  
Zhi Qin Wang ◽  
Jia Nan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Microbial Oil ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Application Potential

Microbial oil is one of the ideal raw materials for biodiesel production because of its rapid reproduction and less influence by the climate and season variation. However, the high cost is one of the key issues that restricted its production in a large-scale. Lignocellulosic biomass, the cheap and renewable resource, might be the best raw material for microbial oil production by oleaginous microorganisms. Recent development on the microbial oil production from lignocellulosic biomass was summarized in this paper. Furthermore, the challenges and application potential of microbial oil were prospected.

Priorities and policies—private sector involvement in our fields of interest

1984 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Myers
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Divergence Of Opinion ◽  
The Social ◽  
Information Products ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Private Sector Involvement

Members of LISC, and the professional communities which are served by the Council, can probably agree on some com mon objectives—excellence in our public and private sector library and information services; more points of access to LIS1 resources; greater capital investment in information products and services; a spread of LIS firms, which can build up worthwhile earnings in export markets; and more and better jobs for librarians, archivists and information scientists. But there is a sharp divergence of opinion on ways of reaching these ends. Where should the boundaries lie between private enter prise and public service? Should there be a shift in the demar cation lines? One side emphasizes the economic opportunities, the other, the social imperatives; and there is a broadening debate about pricing of services and charging of fees. This paper reviews the two sides of the case, and the financial realities behind current developments and trends. Finally, it calls for LISC to make a thorough study of how common objectives can best be achieved, focusing on radically new approaches in which private enterprises would be closely en gaged.

scholarly journals The welfare culture and the redesign of social elder-care in Finland

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Bäckman
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Elder Care ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Care Services ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Welfare Model

The welfare culture consists of doctrines and ideologies, beliefs, ideas, values and ideal norms that various groups and actors in the society have concerning the welfare state. The new ways of thinking, which are derived from the cultural turn and paradigm shift in social sciences, is in actual environments influenced and strengthened by economic and social changes, and also by the increasing number of old people. The Nordic welfare model (Denmark, Fin-land, Norway and Sweden), which is distinct from the other welfare models, is because of its basic ideological foundation, which also pertains to Finland, the general frame for the welfare culture. The characteristics of the environments in which people live, such as risks and uncertainties, impact thoughts and ideas they have about actual and preferred conditions, and influence the interest in renewal of welfare arrangements, schemes and services. Following this lead, we examine the changes in the legislation concerning social eldercare services and changes in provision and use of elder-care services in Finland. We also examine the division of responsibility for social eldercare between the public and private sector. Because the welfare arrangements are embedded in a complex cultural context, the research helps us to understand the shaping of the social eldercare. Great changes in the Finnish eldercare in favour of care at home or in a home-like environment have taken place. The goal “more home care, less institutional care” will serve even in the future as guidance in social eldercare.

A Study On Role Of Union Budget On Banking Fund Flows

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (9) ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Dr. P Alekhya ◽  
P Samyukta
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Fund Flows ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Funds Allocation ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Relationship Of

Dr. P Alekhya1, P Samyukta2, The center target of this examination is to dissect the effect of association spending plan on chosen open and private bank part reserve streams by inspecting the budget reports of five noteworthy Public and private area banks during 2008 to 2017. The proficiency of banking division is viewed as most significant for financial development, money related arrangement usage and large scale monetary soundness. From the previous couple of years, premium spread of banking area is ascending in India. In this paper the relationship of association spending reserves   allocation with selected banks fund flows. Pearson correlation, Multi-regression, Linear regression method is used in this study. As a result it is found that there is positive correlation between union budget funds allocation with public and private sector banks. It found the linear regression that public and Private Banks are having negative influence on fiscal deficit.  

Living Underground: Bomb Shelters and Daily Lives in Wartime Chongqing (1937–1945)

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-399
Author(s):  
Tan Gang
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Public ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
New Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Micro Level

Because of Japan’s large-scale aerial bombing of Chongqing and the surrounding mountainous natural environment during the Anti-Japanese War, shelters became important places where the residents of wartime Chongqing evaded attacks by Japanese planes. In addition, the differences between the public and private bomb shelter facilities reflected the high and low, noble and humble people in the shelters, indicating the social class differences in wartime Chongqing. Shelters, especially public shelters, also provided places for socializing, recreation, and they had political and economic functions. Thus, bomb shelters became new public living spaces. Living in bomb shelters also became an important component of the daily lives of the residents in wartime Chongqing. Discussing their daily lives in the shelter allows us to not only understand and know the diversity and complexity of the daily lives of Chongqing’s wartime citizens but also reveals the significant impact of the all-encompassing invasion waged by Japan at the micro level.

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