ECOFRIENDLY ADSORBENT FROM FOOD WASTE FOR WATER PURIFICATION

Egg shell, which is a waste material emerging out in large quantities from poultries, homes and restaurants, may be used as a good adsorbent for heavy metals. Different types of eggshells were used in this study for the adsorption of a major pollutant such as iron from surface water. Effect of CaCO3 content in the egg shell, particle size, contact time, temperature and shaking on adsorption were also studied. The adsorption isotherms fitted by the Langmuir model revealed that the adsorption of iron by eggshell samples was monolayer adsorption.

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The Novel Use of Saraca thaipingensis Leaf Powder as Potential Biosorbent Material for the Removal of Chromium(VI)

Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) ◽

10.47253/jtrss.v3i3.533 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 35-39

Author(s):

Sannasi Palsan ◽

Chai Swee Fern ◽

Stephanie Bernardine ◽

Lim Fan Shiang

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Particle Size ◽

Contact Time ◽

Low Cost ◽

Peninsular Malaysia ◽

The Novel ◽

Batch Experiments ◽

Chromium Vi ◽

Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽

Leaf Powder

Saraca thaipingensis or ‘Gapis’ tree, classified under the Fabaceae family is a native of Taiping; copious over Peninsular Malaysia and Southeast Asia. The withered and fallen dead leaves were collected from INTI International University’s garden walkway. To date, literature has yet to capture the use of S. thaipingensis tree parts or refuse as potential biosorbent material for the removal of heavy metals thus verifying the novelty of this study. Batch experiments were carried out with the leaf powder to study the effects of dosage, particle size and contact time towards Cr(VI) removal (%) at 1-100 mg/L. Results showed that Cr(VI) removal increased from 52.22% to 99.31% (p < 0.05) with increase in biosorbent dosage (0.005, 0.010, 0.015, 0.020, 0.025 and 0.050 g). The different particle size ranges tested were: 107-125, 126-150, 151-250, 251-500, and 501- 1000 ?m. Highest Cr(VI) removal of 99.53% was obtained with the 151-250 ?m particle size; further size decrease did not yield more removal (p > 0.05). The optimal Cr(VI) removal was recorded after 45 min (99.62%) and 90 min (99.76%) contact time (p > 0.05). Further characterization and optimization studies are being carried out to develop a novel, sustainable, low cost yet effective leaf powder based biosorbent material.

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Remediation of Boating and Jetty Pollutants from the Okavango Delta Surface Water Employing Valorized Tilapia ruweti Waste Material

Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research ◽

10.9734/ajacr/2019/v4i330115 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Irene W. Maina ◽

Morlu G. F. Stevens ◽

Bareki S. Batlokwa

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Surface Water ◽

Water Samples ◽

Contact Time ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Okavango Delta ◽

Waste Materials ◽

Adsorption Parameters ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Surface Water Samples

Aims: To employ valorized waste materials from Tilapia ruweti scales for removal of heavy metals from areas with major boating activities and high numbers of jetties at the Okavango delta, Botswana. Study Design: Biowaste materials were Identified, valorized and then optimized for adsorption and removal of boating and jetty pollutants from profiled Okavango Delta surface water samples. Place and Duration of Study: Okavango Delta, Maun and Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Palapye, Botswana between March 2017 and September 2018. Methodology: Tilapia ruweti scales were collected from Sehithwa, Maun while water samples were collected from areas with jetties and major boating activities at Shakawe, Mboma Island and Xakanaxa. The concentration of Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Pb and Cd at all the sampling sites were accurately determined using micro-plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (MPAES). The fish scales were pulverized and valorized by subjecting them to 12.7% vinegar. Minitab 14 software was used as a modeling tool to provide multivariate optimized parameters that affect sorption studies that included initial ion concentration, sorbent dose, contact time and solution pH. The valorized waste materials were then utilized for removal of the selected heavy metals. Results: The optimized adsorption parameters that included contact time, solution pH, sorbent dose and initial ion concentration were ≤ 88.63 min, ≤ 8.75, ≤ 84.29 mg and ≤ 28.44 mg/L respectively. The valorized Tilapia ruweti waste displayed high removal efficiencies toward removing the selected ions from the Okavango Delta surface water samples up to 94.21% with %RSD < 2 for n = 3 (triplicate). Conclusion: The valorized Tilapia ruweti scales were recommended as a cheap, simple and an effective method for remediation of boating pollution at the Okavango delta and other recreational areas.

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Adsorption performance of magnetic aminated lignin for the removal of Cu(II) and Cd(II)

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj18.1.9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (01) ◽

pp. 9-18

Author(s):

Dafeng Zheng ◽

Yingzhi Ma ◽

Xueqing Qiu ◽

Xuejun Pan

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Entropy Change ◽

Enthalpy Change ◽

Langmuir Model ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Order Model ◽

Adsorption Performance ◽

Monolayer Adsorption ◽

Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽

Pseudo Second Order

The adsorption behavior of Cu(II) and Cd(II) onto a magnetic lignin-based nanomaterial (MLN) was investigated in detail. The results showed that the adsorption isotherm was better described by the Langmuir model, showing monolayer adsorption with a maximum adsorption capacity of 135.7 and 156.5 mg/g. The kinetics fit the pseudo-second-order model. The thermodynamics showed the enthalpy change of the adsorption for Cu(II) and Cd(II) was 24.12 and 36.49 kJ/mol, with entropy change of 85.12 and 130.3 J/mol·K, respectively; thus, the adsorption was endothermic and spontaneous in the range of 25°C–45°C. Additionally, the adsorbent was easy to regenerate. This study shows that MLN is a capable, sustainable absorbent for the removal of heavy metals.

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PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH CANGKANG TELUR SEBAGAI BIOSORBEN UNTUK ADSORPSI LOGAM Pb Dan Cd

Jurnal Sains Natural ◽

10.31938/jsn.v5i1.104 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 92

Author(s):

Mamay Maslahat ◽

Agus Taufik ◽

Prima Wahyu Subagja

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Atomic Absorption ◽

Contact Time ◽

Waste Utilization ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽

Shell Waste ◽

Before And After ◽

Egg Shell ◽

Eggshell Waste ◽

Heavy Metal Waste

Waste Utilization of Eggs Shell as an Adsorbent for Adsorption of Metal, Pb and Cd Egg shell waste is one of waste that not be fully utilized. Eggshell can be used as a biosorbent substance because its contain a high CaCO3 and has a natural pore structure. Eggshell waste biosorbent potentially used as an alternative to adsorp heavy metal waste that pollute much in the environment. The purpose of the study was to use the waste to become biosorbent and to investigate its potential in adsorption Pb and Cd. Research methodology were producing biosorbent and getting optimum-sorption condition. They were contact time, biosorbent weights, and the concentration of Pb and Cd. Measurement of the concentration of Pb and Cd before and after sorption processes using instrument of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) Agilent 240FS type AA. The results showed that eggshell biosorbent could adsorb heavy metals of Pb 65.99% in concentration of adsorbent of 160 ppm, contact time was 20 minutes, and biosorbent weights of 0.50 g. Adsorption of Cd was 93.16% in concentration of adsorbent was 20 ppm, contact time 40 minutes, and biosorbent weights 0.25 g.Key words: eggshell biosorbent , Pb, Cd, Atomic Absorbtion Spectrophotometer ABSTRAK Limbah cangkang telur termasuk salah satu limbah yang belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Cangkang telur dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai zat penjerap yang baik karena mengandung CaCO3 yang tinggi dan memiliki struktur pori-pori alami. Limbah cangkang telur berpotensi digunakan sebagai biosorben alternatif untuk mengadsorpsi limbah logam berat yang banyak mencemari lingkungan yaitu logam berat Pb dan Cd. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memanfaatkan limbah cangkang telur untuk dijadikan biosorben dan meneliti potensinya dalam adsorpsi logam Pb dan Cd. Tahapan penelitian terdiri atas preparasi dan pembuatan biosorben cangkang telur, dan optimasi adsorpsi biosorben cangkang telur terhadap logam berat Pb dan Cd. Optimasi adsorpsi meliputi variabel waktu kontak optimum, bobot biosorben optimum, dan konsentrasi adsorbat optimum. Pengukuran konsentrasi logam berat Pb dan Cd sebelum dan setelah proses adsorpsi menggunakan instrumen Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) Agilent tipe 240FS AA. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa biosorben cangkang telur dapat mengadsorpsi logam berat Pb sebesar 65,99% pada kondisi konsentrasi adsorbat 160 ppm, waktu kontak 20 menit, dan berat biosorban sebesar 0,50 gram. Sedangkan untuk logam berat Cd, persen adsorpsi sebesar 93,16% pada konsentrasi sorbat 20 ppm, waktu kontak 40 menit, dan berat biosorben sebesar 0,25 gram.Kata Kunci: biosorben cangkang telur, Pb, Cd, Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer.

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Use ofMoringa oleifera(Moringa) Seed Pods andSclerocarya birrea(Morula) Nut Shells for Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater and Borehole Water

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2016/9312952 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Irene Wangari Maina ◽

Veronica Obuseng ◽

Florence Nareetsile

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Particle Size ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Contact Time ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Sclerocarya Birrea ◽

Flame Atomic Absorption ◽

Borehole Water ◽

Synthetic Metal

Use of nonedible seed pods ofMoringa oleifera(Moringa) tree and nutshells ofSclerocarya birrea(Morula) tree for removal of selected metal ions (lead, cadmium, copper, manganese, iron, zinc, and magnesium) from wastewater and borehole water samples was investigated. Removal parameters such as contact time, pH, temperature, particle size, sorbent dose, and initial metal concentration were optimized. Determination of residual metal ions after employing sorbent was done using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). Using 200 ng synthetic metal ion mixture in 50 mL of water sample, the optimized parameters for Moringa seed pods were 60 min contact time, 1.0 g of sorbent dose, pH 8, 100 μm sorbent particle size, and extraction temp 35°C. While using Morula nutshells, the optimized conditions were 120 min contact time, 2.0 g sorbent dose, pH 8, 100 μm sorbent particle size, and extraction temp of 35°C. The removal efficiency of acid treated sorbents was compared to that of untreated sorbents and it was found to be higher for acid treated sorbents. These nonedible plant parts for Morula and Moringa plants are proposed as a cheap, simple, and an effective alternative for purification of water contaminated with heavy metals.

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Parameters Affecting Dye Adsorption - Using Graphene Coated Sand (GSC)

International Journal of Science and Engineering Invention ◽

10.23958/ijsei/vol04-i02/01 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (02) ◽

Author(s):

Seroor Atalah Khaleefa Alia ◽

Dr. Mohammed Ibrahimb ◽

Hussein Ali Hussein

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Contact Time ◽

Organic Dyes ◽

Low Cost ◽

Dye Adsorption ◽

Contaminated Water ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Engineering Designs ◽

Heavy Metals Ions ◽

Coated Sand

Adsorption is most commonly applied process for the removal of pollutants such as dyes and heavy metals ions from wastewater. The present work talks about preparing graphenic material attached sand grains called graphene sand composite (GSC) by using ordinary sugar as a carbon source. Physical morphology and chemical composition of GSC was examined by using (FTIR, SEM, EDAX and XRD). Efficiency of GSC in the adsorption of organic dyes from water was investigated using reactive green dye with different parameters such as (ph, temperature, contact time and dose). Adsorption isotherm was also studied and the results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of dye is 28.98 mg/g. This fast, low-cost process can be used to manufacture commercial filters to treat contaminated water using appropriate engineering designs.

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Enumeration of Cryptosporidium oocysts from surface water concentrates by laser-scanning cytometry

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2000.0133 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 41 (7) ◽

pp. 197-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

F. Zanelli ◽

B. Compagnon ◽

J. C. Joret ◽

M. R. de Roubin

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Water Samples ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Immunomagnetic Separation ◽

Entire Surface ◽

Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽

Different Types ◽

Laser Scanning Cytometry ◽

Direct Microscopic Observation

The utilization of the ChemScan® RDI was tested for different types of water concentrates. Concentrates were prepared by cartridge filtration or flocculation, and analysed either without purification, or after Immunomagnetic separation (IMS) or flotation on percoll-sucrose gradients. Theenumeration of the oocysts was subsequently performed using the ChemScan® RDI Cryptosporidium application. Enumeration by direct microscopic observation of the entire surface of the membrane was carried out as a control, and recoveries were calculated as a ratio between the ChemScan® RDI result and the result obtained with direct microscopic enumeration. The Chemscan enumeration technique proved reliable, with recoveries yielding close to 100% in most cases (average 125%, range from 86 to 467%) for all the concentration/purification techniques tested. The quality of the antibodies was shown to be critical, with antibodies from some suppliers yielding recoveries a low as 10% in some cases. This difficulty could, however, be overcome by the utilization of the antibody provided by Chemunex. These data conclusively prove that laser scanning cytometry, which greatly facilitates the microscopic enumeration of Cryptosporidium oocysts from water samples and decreases the time of observation by four to six times, can be successfully applied to water concentrates prepared from a variety of concentration/purification techniques.

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Utilisation of Biomass and Hybrid Biochar from Elephant Grass and Low Density Polyethylene for the Competitive Adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), Fe(II) and Zn(II) from Aqueous Media

Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering) ◽

10.2174/2405520413999201117143926 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

Joshua O. Ighalo ◽

Lois T. Arowoyele ◽

Samuel Ogunniyi ◽

Comfort A. Adeyanju ◽

Folasade M. Oladipo-Emmanuel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Contact Time ◽

Competitive Adsorption ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Aqueous Media ◽

Polluted Water ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Elephant Grass

Background: The presence of pollutants in polluted water is not singularized hence pollutant species are constantly in competition for active sites during the adsorption process. A key advantage of competitive adsorption studies is that it informs on the adsorbent performance in real water treatment applications. Objective: This study aims to investigate the competitive adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), Fe(II) and Zn(II) using elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) biochar and hybrid biochar from LDPE. Method: The produced biochar was characterised by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The effect of adsorption parameters, equilibrium isotherm modelling and parametric studies were conducted based on data from the batch adsorption experiments. Results: For both adsorbents, the removal efficiency was >99% over the domain of the entire investigation for dosage and contact time suggesting that they are very efficient for removing multiple heavy metals from aqueous media. It was observed that removal efficiency was optimal at 2 g/l dosage and contact time of 20 minutes for both adsorbent types. The Elovich isotherm and the pseudo-second order kinetic models were best-fit for the competitive adsorption process. Conclusion: The study was able to successfully reveal that biomass biochar from elephant grass and hybrid biochar from LDPE can be used as effective adsorbent material for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous media. This study bears a positive implication for environmental protection and solid waste management.

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