scholarly journals PEMODELAN HIDROLOGI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN WMS (WATERSHED MODELING SYSTEM), DAERAH KAJIAN DI DAS CILIWUNG HULU

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Destianingrum Ratna P ◽  
M. Bayu Rizky Prayoga ◽  
Ardila Yananto
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Return Period ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Watershed Modeling ◽  
Peak Discharge ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Runoff Coefficient ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Stream Length

Intisari  Permasalahan sumberdaya air dari hari ke hari semakin memburuk, baik kualitas maupun kuantitas air. DAS sebagai wadah dari berbagai komponen biosfer yang saling berinteraksi memegang peranan yang penting dalam siklus hidrologi dan fungsi penyediaan air. Berbagai macam model hidrologi telah dikembangkan, Model-model tersebut bisa digunakan untuk memecahkan permasalahan sumberdaya air tersebut. Salah satu model yang bisa digunakan adalah model rasional yang terdapat dalam Waterhsed Modeling System (WMS). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan ekstraksi karakteristik DAS dan mengestimasi nilai debit puncak DAS Ciliwung Hulu berdasarkan nilai curah hujan beberapa kala ulang dengan menggunakan Watershed Modelling System. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa karakteristik DAS yang dapat diekstraksi dengan menggunakan WMS adalah luas DAS, panjang sungai utama, kemiringan DAS, dan kemiringan aliran  sungai. Nilai koefisien aliran permukaan DAS Ciliwung Hulu adalah sebesar  0,72. Nilai intensitas hujan untuk kala ulang 2 tahun sebesar 117 mm/jam, kala ulang 5 tahun sebesar 135 mm/jam, kala ulang 10 tahun sebesar 143 mm/jam, kala ulang 25 tahun sebesar 152 mm/jam, kala ulang 50 tahun sebesar 157 mm/jam, dan kala ulang 100 tahun sebesar 162 mm/jam. Untuk nilai estimasi debit puncak di DAS Ciliwung Hulu, untuk kala ulang 2 tahun sebesar 735, 588 m3/detik, untuk kala ulang 5 tahun sebesar 852,713 m3/detik, untuk kala ulang 10 tahun sebesar 904,363 m3/detik, untuk kala ulang 25 tahun sebesar 959,448 m3/detik, untuk kala ulang 50 tahun sebesar 992,448 m3/detik dan untuk kala ulang 100 tahun sebesar 1.023,313 m3/detik.Abstract  Water resources problems are getting worse from by the day, both the quality and quantity of water. Watershed as a container of various components of the interacting biosphere is playing an important role in the hydrological cycle and water supply functions. Various kinds of hydrological models have been developed. The models can be used to help solving the water resources problems. One of models that can be used are contained in Watershed Modeling System (WMS) is Rational Method. The purpose of this study was to perform the extraction of watershed characteristics and estimate the peak discharge in Ciliwung Hulu Watershed based on the value of rainfall in some return period by using the Watershed Modeling System. The results of study show that the characteristics of the watershed that can be extracted by using WMS are watershed area, main stream length, the slope of the watershed, and the slope of the river. Runoff coefficient value of Ciliwung Hulu Watershed is 0,72. Rainfall intensity value for 2-year return period is 117 mm/h, when the 5-year return period is 135 mm/h, when the 10-year return period is 143 mm/h, when the 25-year return period is 152 mm/h, when the 50-year return periods 157 mm/h, and when 100-year return period is 162 mm/hour. For the estimated value of the peak discharge in Ciliwung Hulu watershed for 2-year return period amounted to 735,588 m3/sec, for 5-year return period amounted to 852,713 m3/sec, for a 10-year return period amounted to 904,363 m3/sec, for a 25 year return period amounted to 959,448 m3/sec, for 50-year return period amounted to 992,448 m3/sec and for 100 years return period amounted to 1023,313 m3/sec.

Sewer System for Improving Flood Control in Tokyo: A Step towards a Return Period of 70 Years

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki Higuchi ◽  
Masahiro Maeda ◽  
Yasuyuki Shintani
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Runoff Coefficient ◽  
Large Drop ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Construction Period ◽  
Metropolitan Government ◽  
Under Construction

The Tokyo Metropolitan Government has planned future flood control for a rainfall intensity of 100 mm/hr, which corresponds to a return period of 70 years, and a runoff coefficient of 0.8. Considering that the realization of this plan requires a long construction period and high construction costs, the decision was made to proceed by stages. In the first stage, the improvement of the facilities will be based on a rainfall intensity of 75 mm/hr (presently 50 mm/hr), corresponding to a return period of 17 years, and a runoff coefficient of 0.8. In the next stage the facilities will be improved to accommodate a rainfall intensity of 100 mm/hr. In the Nakano and Suginami regions, which suffer frequently from flooding, the plan of improvement based on a rainfall intensity of 75 mm/hr is being implemented before other areas. This facility will be used as a storage sewer for the time being. The Wada-Yayoi Trunk Sewer, as a project of this plan, will have a diameter of 8 m and a 50 m earth cover. This trunk sewer will be constructed considering several constraints. To resolve these problems, hydraulic experiments as well as an inventory study have been carried out. A large drop shaft for the trunk sewer is under construction.

scholarly journals Analisis Debit Puncak Sungai Lubuk Banyau Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara Menggunakan Metode Hidrograf Satuan Sintetik

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Agam Sanjaya
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Peak Discharge ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Type I ◽  
Unit Hydrograph ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Pearson Type ◽  
Synthetic Unit Hydrograph ◽  
Log Normal

ANALISIS DEBIT PUNCAK SUNGAI LUBUK BANYAU KABUPATEN BENGKULU UTARA DENGAN MENGGUNAKANMETODE HIDROGRAF SATUAN SINTETIK Agam Sanjaya I1), Khairul Amri II2), Muhammad Fauzi III3) 1) 2) 3)Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik UNIB Jl. W.R. Supratman, Kandang Limun, Kota Bengkulu 38371, Telp. (0736)344087e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] , [email protected] aliran sungai (DAS) Sungai Lubuk banyau merupakan salah satu DAS yang berada di Bengkulu Utara. DAS Sungai Lubuk banyau mengalir dari daerah hulu yang terletak diwilayah Kabupaten Bengkulu utara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisa debit puncak rencana akibat intensitas curah hujan pada DAS Lubuk Banyau dalam menganalisis hidrologi dengan menggunakan metode Hidograf Satuan Sintetik (HSS) Gama I, HSS Nakayasu dan HSS Snyder. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan dari penelitian ini distribusi frekuensi terhadap tiga metode curah hujan, yaitu metode ditribusi Gumbel Tipe I, Log Pearson Tipe III dan Log Normal maka metode yang digunakan untuk perhitungan curah hujan rencana pada penelitian ini adalah Metode Gumbel Tipe I dengan periode ulang 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 dan 100 tahun, yaitu 181,164 mm, 275,356 mm, 337,709 mm, 416,518 mm, 474,974 mm dan 532,998 mm. Dari hasil analisis hidrologi pada penelitian diperoleh debit puncak pada DAS Lubuk Banyau untuk periode ulang 100 tahun dengan metode HSS Snyder adalah 1531,111 m3/detik dengan waktu puncak sebesar 5 jam merupakan debit puncak yang paling besar diantara HSS Gama I dan Nakayasu. untuk hasil debit puncak dengan metode HSS Gama I adalah 776,91m3/detik dengan waktu puncak sebesar 4 jam dan HSS Nakayasu 1023,87 dengan waktu puncak 2,46 jam. Maka didapatkan tinggi permukaan air pada DAS Lubuk Banyau yaitu 1,134 m.Kata kunci: hidrograf satuan sintetik, debit puncak, gama I, nakayasu, dan snyderAbstractWatershed Lubuk Banyau is one of the watersheds in North Bengkulu. The Lubuk River watershed flows from the upstream area located in the northern Bengkulu regency. The purpose of this study is to analyze the planned peak discharge due to rainfall intensity in the Lubuk Banyau watershed in analyzing hydrology using the Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (HSS) method of Gama I, HSS Nakayasu and HSS Snyder. Based on the results of calculations from this study the frequency distribution of three rainfall methods, namely the Gumbel Type I distribution method, Pearson Type III Log and Normal Log, the method used for calculating the planned rainfall in this study is the Gumbel Type I method with a return period of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years, namely 181,164 mm, 275,356 mm, 337,709 mm, 416,518 mm, 474,974 mm and 532,998 mm. From the results of the hydrological analysis in the study, the peak discharge in the Lubuk Banyau watershed for a 100-year return period with the Snyder HSS method was 1531,111 m3 / second with a peak time of 5 hours being the largest peak discharge between Gama I and Nakayasu HSS. for the peak discharge using the HSS Gama I method is 776.91m3 / sec with a peak time of 4 hours and Nakayasu HSS of 1023.87 with a peak time of 2.46 hours. Then the water level obtained at the Lubuk Banyau watershed is 1,134 m.Keywords: synthetic unit hydrograph, peak discharge gama I, nakayasu, and snyder.

Investigating global changes in snow dynamics and the impact on water resources

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrià Fontrodona Bach ◽  
Joshua Larsen ◽  
Ross Woods ◽  
Bettina Schaefli ◽  
Ryan Teuling
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Winter Snow ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
The Impact

<p>Snow is a key component of the hydrological cycle in many regions of the world, providing a natural storage of water by accumulating snow in winter and releasing it in spring. Many ecosystems, societies and economies rely on this mechanism as a water resource. There is strong evidence in the literature that global warming leads to decreasing snowfall and snow accumulation and shifts the onset of the melt season to earlier in the year. However, little is known about how rising temperatures affect snowmelt rates and timing, and how these can have an impact on water resources for instance by changing the time and magnitude of streamflow. Some studies predict slower snowmelt rates in a warmer world, due to the onset of melt being earlier when there is less energy available for melt, but there is not yet an observation-based study showing such trends. As a first step, here we present preliminary results of observed long term trends in snowmelt rates from different climates. We use a dataset that has already shown strong decreasing signals for winter snow accumulation. Here we also present potential avenues to investigate the sensitivity of snowpacks and snowmelt regimes in different climatic settings to further rising temperatures using modeled snow dynamics. A few possibilities on how to link the snowpack dynamics to impacts in water resources are also discussed, for instance by comparing modelled dynamics to hydrological models and observations.</p>

scholarly journals Rainfall-Runoff Modelling of a River Basin Using HEC HMS: A Review Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 506-508
Author(s):  
Padala Raja Shekar
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Rainfall Runoff

Abstract: A hydrological model helps in understanding of the hydrological processes and useful to measure water resources for effective water resources management. Hydrological cycle describes evaporation, condensation, precipitation and collection of earth water and on again. Hydrological models have been used in different watersheds across the world. The runoff estimation process is the most complex in nature that depends on the meteorological data and also on the various watershed physical parameters. To generate runoff data for a particular watershed it is needed to find out various parameters related to precipitation models. The HEC HMS (a Centre for Hydrological Engineering and Hydrological Modelling Systems introduced by the US Army Corps of Engineers) is a popularly used watershed model to simulate rainfall runoff process. The input variables used by hydrological models are rainfall data, runoff data, wind speed, relative humidity, soil type, catchment properties, hydrogeology and other properties. The Hydrological Modeling can also be an event based or may be continuous. This model is used to predict future impacts of the climate changes on the runoff of River basin and it is used to simulate runoff in ungauged watershed. This literature review represents that application of rainfall runoff modelling using HEC HMS is helpful in prediction of flood, water management and socio-economic development as well as food security. Keywords: HEC-HMS, hydrological modeling, rainfall-runoff simulation, soil type.

Analisis Karakteristik Curah Hujan pada Kawasan Hunian dan Komersial Pantai Indah Kapuk (PIK) 2 Cluster “C”

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Afifah Sari ◽  
Etih Hartati ◽  
M. Candra Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Drainage Channels

<p class="IJOPCMKeywards">Based on the hydrological cycle, one of the main water sources is rainwater. weather or climate conditions that occur will greatly affect the nature and condition of a rain or rainy season. On a global scale, the existence of water naturally is constant, only occurs in variations both in time and space on a regional scale. Analysis of the rainfall characteristics of Pantai Indah Kapuk (PIK) residential and commercial areas 2  Cluster "C" in Tangerang Regency, Banten Province, is for to find out the intensity of rainfall used for drainage planning. The daily rainfall data used includes 5 rain catching stations with a duration of 25 years (1994 - 2018). The Van Breen method is used to process rainfall data within a certain period into rainfall intensity with various times for drainage planning used. In the planning of drainage channels the rainfall return period used is PUH 2 for tertiary lines with selected rainfall data of 192 mm / day and PUH 5 for secondary lines with selected rainfall data of 219 mm / day. The IDF curve shows that rainfall intensity is affected by the time and return period of rainfall, where the shorter the rainfall time and the greater the return period of rainfall, the higher the intensity of rainfall produced.</p>

scholarly journals Generation of IDF Equation from Catchment Delineation Using GIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmud Al Islam ◽  
Hasibul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Peak Discharge ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Stream Length ◽  
Rainfall Analysis ◽  
Time Of Concentration ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Pearson Type

The study was intended to find out the catchment characteristics of an area and the IDF (Intensity-Duration-Frequency) analysis of rainfall of that area using Gumbel method and Log Pearson type III method. In different studies, the IDF equations are generated for an area without acknowledging the catchment, stream length of the catchment and the time of concentration. In our study the Digital Elevation Map (DEM) of Dhaka was used. The DEM was analyzed using QGIS to find out different catchments, catchment area, catchment slope, stream length etc. The rainfall data of 18 years was collected from BMD (Bangladesh Meteorological Department) at 24 hours’ interval. This rainfall data was analyzed using Gumbel method and Log Pearson Type III method because these methods give accurate prediction for return period more than the range of the acquired data. The return period was taken as 2 years,5 years,10 years,25 years,50 years and 100 years. Finally, the intensity for different return period was plotted against the duration of the rainfall to find out the IDF curve. For any kind of rainfall analysis to find the peak discharge for designing storm sewage lines, small hydraulic structures or calculating surface runoff, infiltration, sub-surface runoff, discharge at rivers or water bodies, the derived IDF equations can be used. Even to find out peak discharge with a return period more than 18 years these set of equation can be used. This method can also be used in other sub urban or urban areas to find out the time of concentration of that catchment and IDF relationships for short duration rainfalls.

scholarly journals Analysis on the Return Period of “7.26” Rainstorm and Flood in 2017 in the Wudinghe Basin

2018 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 01105
Author(s):  
Shuang-yan Jin ◽  
Wen-yong Gao ◽  
Si-wu Luo ◽  
Ya-jun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Peak Discharge ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Historical Survey ◽  
Annual Maximum ◽  
Frequency Curve ◽  
Recurrence Period ◽  
Fitting Method ◽  
Curve Fitting Method ◽  
Hydrological Station

The return period of "7.26" rainstorm flood in 2017 in Wudinghe basin is analyzed by the method of P-III distribution. The Lijiahe and Dingjiagou stations with long rainfall observation data in the rainstorm area are selected, and the frequency curve of the annual maximum 24 hours rainfall are established, and the recurrence period of rainfall stations in rainstorm area are estimated according to the parameters determined by the curve fitting method. The frequency curve of the annual maximum peak discharge of Baijiachuan hydrological stations and so on are established, and the return period are analyzed in combination with the historical survey floods. The results show that the return period of Zhaojiabian of heavy rainfall center is about 100 years, and which of the other stations over than 200mm in Wudinghe basin is about 30~90 years; while the return period of the peak discharge of Baijiachuan and Suide hydrological station is about 30 and 20 years respectively.

Climate and land use change impacts on water resources in Sardinia (Italy)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Ruggiu ◽  
Salvatore Urru ◽  
Roberto Deidda ◽  
Francesco Viola
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Land Use Scenarios ◽  
Near Future

&lt;p&gt;The assessment of climate change and land use modifications effects on hydrological cycle is challenging. We propose an approach based on Budyko theory to investigate the relative importance of natural and anthropogenic drivers on water resources availability. As an example of application, the proposed approach is implemented in the island of Sardinia (Italy), which is affected by important processes of both climate and land use modifications. In details, the proposed methodology assumes the Fu&amp;#8217;s equation to describe the mechanisms of water partitioning at regional scale and uses the probability distributions of annual runoff (Q) in a closed form. The latter is parametrized by considering simple long-term climatic info (namely first orders statistics of annual rainfall and potential evapotranspiration) and land use properties of basins.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In order to investigate the possible near future water availability of Sardinia, several climate and land use scenarios have been considered, referring to 2006-2050 and 2051-2100 periods. Climate scenarios have been generated considering fourteen bias corrected outputs of climatic models from EUROCORDEX&amp;#8217;s project (RCP 8.5), while three land use scenarios have been created following the last century tendencies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results show that the distribution of annual runoff in Sardinia could be significantly affected by both climate and land use change. The near future distribution of Q generally displayed a decrease in mean and variance compared to the baseline. &amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The reduction of&amp;#160; Q is more critical moving from 2006-2050 to 2051-2100 period, according with climatic trends, namely due to the reduction of annual rainfall and the increase of potential evapotranspiration. The effect of LU change on Q distribution is weaker than the climatic one, but not negligible.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Cities and Water Security in the Anthropocene: Research Challenges and Opportunities for International Relations

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Castro Pereira ◽  
Miguel Rodrigues Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Environmental Politics ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Abstract Cities have become important actors in international relations, and integral to security and environmental politics. We are living in an increasingly urban world, dominated by human settlements and activities. The central role now played by humans in shaping the planet has led us into an uncertain, unstable, and dangerous geological epoch – the Anthropocene – that poses great and additional challenges to security. Local and global spheres are connected as never before, generating ‘glocal’ issues in which water plays a central role. Water is the element that interconnects the complex web of food, energy, climate, economic growth, and human security. In a rapidly urbanising world, cities influence the hydrological cycle in major but uncertain ways, affecting water resources beyond their boundaries. There is no doubt that these issues are highly relevant to the discipline of International Relations (IR). However, IR scholars have been slow to engage with them, and most academic studies of cities and water security still emanate from the natural sciences. This article examines the ways in which cities in the Anthropocene challenge water security, and why IR needs to reinvent itself if it wants to sustain its contribution to global security.

scholarly journals Hydrological cycle

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 (1 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 241-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
HC Gonçalves ◽  
MA Mercante ◽  
ET Santos
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Paraguay River ◽  
Rivers And Lakes ◽  
Drainage Capacity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Average Annual Precipitation ◽  
Very High

The Pantanal hydrological cycle holds an important meaning in the Alto Paraguay Basin, comprising two areas with considerably diverse conditions regarding natural and water resources: the Plateau and the Plains. From the perspective of the ecosystem function, the hydrological flow in the relationship between plateau and plains is important for the creation of reproductive and feeding niches for the regional biodiversity. In general, river declivity in the plateau is 0.6 m/km while declivity on the plains varies from 0.1 to 0.3 m/km. The environment in the plains is characteristically seasonal and is home to an exuberant and abundant diversity of species, including some animals threatened with extinction. When the flat surface meets the plains there is a diminished water flow on the riverbeds and, during the rainy season the rivers overflow their banks, flooding the lowlands. Average annual precipitation in the Basin is 1,396 mm, ranging from 800 mm to 1,600 mm, and the heaviest rainfall occurs in the plateau region. The low drainage capacity of the rivers and lakes that shape the Pantanal, coupled with the climate in the region, produce very high evaporation: approximately 60% of all the waters coming from the plateau are lost through evaporation. The Alto Paraguay Basin, including the Pantanal, while boasting an abundant availability of water resources, also has some spots with water scarcity in some sub-basins, at different times of the year. Climate conditions alone are not enough to explain the differences observed in the Paraguay River regime and some of its tributaries. The complexity of the hydrologic regime of the Paraguay River is due to the low declivity of the lands that comprise the Mato Grosso plains and plateau (50 to 30 cm/km from east to west and 3 to 1.5 cm/km from north to south) as well as the area's dimension, which remains periodically flooded with a large volume of water.

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