scholarly journals Karakterisasi Ekstrak Tapioka dan Tapioka Ionik sebagai Biokoagulan dalam Proses Pengolahan Air

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Eka Prihatinningtyas ◽  
Agus Jatnika Effendi

ABSTRACTThe ability of tapioca to act as natural coagulants (biocoagulants) was tested using artificial water. As turbidity was added as kaolin. This research aimed to determine the compounds and or groups that act as natural coagulant and to describe the mechanism of flocculation: extraction which yields tapioca extract and ion exchange which yields ionic tapioca. Coagulation process was performed at three different initial turbidities, i.e. 50 NTU (low turbidities), 150 NTU (middle turbidities) and 300 NTU (high initial turbidites). At the same condition (coagulant dose 20 ppmv, pH 5), ionic tapioca yield better turbidity removal compared tapioca extract i.e 11.2% at low initial turbidites; 2.4% at middle initial turbidities and 12.8% at high initial turbidities. FTIR analysis  showed that tapioca extract and ionic tapioca contained of carboxyl, hydroxyl and amides groups which  can act as active components on coagulation process. The presence of those groups caused positive and negative charges (amphoter). Coagulation process ran efficiently at pH 5 because the isoelectric point is obtained at that condition.Keyword : bio coagulants, coagulation,  coagulant agents, ionic tapioca, tapioca extract,ABSTRAK Kemampuan tepung tapioka sebagai koagulan alami (biokoagulan) telah diuji dengan menggunakan limbah artifisial dari kaolin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan senyawa atau gugus yang berperan sebagai biokoagulan dan menjelaskan mekanisme flokulasi yang terjadi. Perlakuan awal tapioca sebelum digunakan sebagai koagulan adalah ekstraksi yang menghasilkan ekstrak tapioka  dan pertukaran ion  yang menghasilkan tapioka ionik. Proses koagulasi dilakukan pada 3 macam kekeruhan awal yaitu 50 NTU (kekeruhan rendah), 150 NTU (kekeruhan sedang) dan 300 NTU (kekeruhan tinggi). Pada kondisi operasi yang sama (dosis 20 ppmv dan pH 5), tapioka ionik memberikan efisiensi penurunan kekeruhan yang lebih tinggi, yaitu sebesar 11,0% pada kekeruhan awal 50 NTU; 2,4% pada kekeruhan awal 150 NTU dan 12,8% pada kekeruhan awal 300 NTU. Hasil analisa FTIR menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak tapioka dan tapioka ionik mempunyai gugus karboksil (-OH), gugus karboksil (-COOH) dan gugus amida (-CONH2). Keberadaan ketiga gugus tersebut menyebabkan biokoagulan ini memiliki muatan positif dan negatif sekaligus (amfoter). Proses koagulasi berjalan dengan efisien pada pH 5 karena titik isoelektrik diperoleh pada pH tersebut. Kata kunci : biokoagulan, koagulasi, agen koagulan, ekstrak tapioka, tapioka ionik

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (s1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
S. Babitha Merlin ◽  
M. Abirami ◽  
R. Suresh Kumar

Abstract Indiscriminate disposal of wastewater with suspended solids have led to higher amount of pollution to the natural water bodies. Turbidity removal becomes an essential part in the water treatment when surface water is used for drinking purpose, this can be achieved by means of coagulation process. Coagulation process is the dosing of a coagulant in water, resulting in the destabilization of negatively charged particles. Commercial coagulants which were widely used can synthesize by-products in turn may pollute the environment and deteriorate the ecosystem at a slow rate. So, now-a-days natural coagulants are used as a potential substitute because it’s biodegradable, ecofriendly and non-toxic. In this study, the turbid surface water samples were treated using powdered seeds of Rajma (natural coagulant) followed by variations in dosage, settling time and pH were also studied. From the results obtained, it was found that the Rajma seeds powder achieved 48.80% efficiency for 0.5 g/l of optimum dose at pH 6 for 20 min settling time respectively.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Meng Hong Ng ◽  
Mohamed Soliman Elshikh

The plant-based natural coagulant has the potential to substitute the chemical coagulant in the water treatment process. In this work, the potential of plant-based natural coagulants in the ability of turbidity removal was identified. The Moringa oleifera seed was selected for the batch analysis test such as pH, contact time, agitation, and dosage. The high alkaline water decreases the effectiveness of plant-based natural coagulants. The agitation and contact time show the importance of the coagulation process. The optimum turbidity removal rate in pH is 4, the contact time is 60 seconds and 3000 seconds for coagulation and flocculation, respectively, the agitation is 300 RPM and 30 RPM for coagulation and flocculation, and lastly, the dosage is 10 g of Moringa oleifera seed. Finally, the plant-based natural coagulants demonstrated the ability to remove turbidity and could be used in place of chemical coagulants.


2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 226-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ridwan Fahmi ◽  
Nasrul Hamidin ◽  
Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin ◽  
M. Ali Umi Fazara ◽  
M.D. Irfan Hatim

The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of turbidity removal in water by using Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) as natural coagulant. The coagulation active agent in various Okra sections was extracted with distilled water and NaCl 1.0 M solutions. Synthetic water containing kaolin with turbidity of 55 NTU was used as water source in this study. The result shows that Okra seed that extracted both with distilled water and NaCl 1.0 N solution has the potential advantage as natural coagulant for turbidity removal in comparison with other sections of the plant. However, the seed is not economically feasible to be used as coagulant. The dried Okras leaf that commonly considered as waste material could be proposed as an alternative coagulant in water treatment process, due to its similarity in coagulation behaviour with Okras seed. FTIR analysis on leaf shows that chemical functional groups in protein were significantly removed after extraction with distilled water and NaCl 1.0 N solution. The result indicated a strong correlation between the protein content and turbidity removal efficiency, which eventually suggest that the protein in Okra could potentially be an active agent in coagulation process.


2009 ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Marina Sciban ◽  
Mile Klasnja ◽  
Mirjana Antov

The possibility of treatment of wastewater from bioethanol production by aluminium sulfate and natural coagulant extracted from common bean seed was studied. The highest coagulation activity at pH 6.5 is reached with analum dose of 1 g/l, but only a little lower coagulation activities were obtained by the dose of 0.05 and 0.10 g/l, which is more favorable for economic and environmental reasons. When natural coagulant from common bean was applied the highest coagulation activity, 14.3%, at pH 6.5 is reached with a dose of 0.5 ml/l. However, when common bean natural coagulant was used simultaneously with alum, the highest turbidity removal resulting in 24% coagulation activity was achieved and this was more efficient than when alum or natural coagulant were used.


2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Prihatinningtyas

Maize can be used as natural coagulant in water treatment process.The aim of this research was find the optimum condition on water treatment using natural coagulant from maize. Maize extract made by dissolving 5 grams of maize into 100 ml NaCl. The solution separated by centrifugation. The supernatant named extract of maize. Extract of maize loaded onto column packed with Amberlite and produced ionic maize.The active components are carboxyl, hydroxyl and amides groups. Ionic maize yield better turbidity removal than extract of maize. Coagulation withh high initial turbidity gave high efficiency of turbidity removal than low turbidity. Coagulation process runs efficiently at pH 5 because at that point the isoelectric point was obtained. The flowrate less than 0.03 m/ min, the alum will provide the efficiency of suspended solids removal greater than extract of maize. While the over flowrate higher than 0.03 m / min, settling velocity of kaolin using alum and extract of maize are the same.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Noor Shakir Ali ◽  
Ali Jwied Jaeel

Abstract: Recently natural coagulants are a consistently expanded; plants extracted coagulant which may be adopted in the coagulation-flocculation activity of textile wastewater treatment for reduction concentration of turbidity and total suspended solids. In this study, the possibility of a combination between chemical coagulant (alum) and natural plant coagulant (Capparis Spinosa) in excluding turbidity and total suspended solids from textile wastewater has been studied. A set of experiments were implemented for verifying the turbidity and TSS removal efficiency using alum and powder extracted from Capparis Spinosa plant separately. A combined dosage consisted of chemical coagulant (alum) dosages (10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/l) with natural coagulant dosages (10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/l) in order to detect the optimum combined percentage of both coagulants (alum and Capparis Spinosa) that produces higher removal efficiencies for both turbidity and TSS. The study found the activity of removal for both turbidity and total suspended solids increased in high performance when mixing is occurred between natural coagulant (Capparis Spinosa) and chemical coagulant (Alum). The results illustrate that the combination of 20 mg/l alum with 30 mg/l Capparis Spinosa made 99% turbidity removal and the combination of 30 mg/l alum with 30 mg/l Capparis Spinosa made 98% TSS removal.


2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2145-2152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Lazar ◽  
Laura Bulgariu ◽  
Bogdan Bandrabur ◽  
Ramona-Elena Tataru-Farmus ◽  
Mioara Drobota ◽  
...  

1955 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard T. Skeggs ◽  
Walton H. Marsh ◽  
Joseph R. Kahn ◽  
Norman P. Shumway

A preparation of hypertensin I was purified by countercurrent distribution and was shown to migrate as a single component in starch blocks at pH 9.3 and 4.2. It had an isoelectric point of 7.7. Quantitative analysis by ion exchange column chromatography showed eight amino acids in approximately unimolar proportion: aspartic, proline, valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and arginine. There were in addition two moles of histidine.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Saideh Usefi ◽  
Mahdi Asadi-Ghalhari ◽  
Hassan Izanloo ◽  
Ahmad Reza Yari ◽  
Roqiyeh Mostafaloo ◽  
...  

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