scholarly journals Utilization of Moringa oleifera as Natural Coagulant for Water Purification

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Meng Hong Ng ◽  
Mohamed Soliman Elshikh

The plant-based natural coagulant has the potential to substitute the chemical coagulant in the water treatment process. In this work, the potential of plant-based natural coagulants in the ability of turbidity removal was identified. The Moringa oleifera seed was selected for the batch analysis test such as pH, contact time, agitation, and dosage. The high alkaline water decreases the effectiveness of plant-based natural coagulants. The agitation and contact time show the importance of the coagulation process. The optimum turbidity removal rate in pH is 4, the contact time is 60 seconds and 3000 seconds for coagulation and flocculation, respectively, the agitation is 300 RPM and 30 RPM for coagulation and flocculation, and lastly, the dosage is 10 g of Moringa oleifera seed. Finally, the plant-based natural coagulants demonstrated the ability to remove turbidity and could be used in place of chemical coagulants.

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3408-3413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Wei Sun

Comparative study on permanganate and ozone as pre-oxidation agents were performed on pilot scale with traditional drinking water treatment process, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), UV254, turbidity, trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) were examined at each reactor’s effluent. The results show that at pre-oxidation reactor, the total organic remained stable after by the two agents, while for UV254, pre-ozonation has a removal rate of 34%, comparing that of 17% by permanganate. At the sedimentation process, 0.4 mg/L permanganate improves the removal rate of turbidity and COD by 0.99 % and 8.4%, respectively; while a positive COD removal of 11.8 % was achieved by 0.9 mg/L pre-ozonation, and an average of-10.08% turbidity removal was achieved at applied dosage (0.5, 0,9 and 1.5 mg/L), which can be made up for in the followed sand filtration reactor. Both permanganate and pre-ozonation show higher removal rate of THMFP for the finished water.


Author(s):  
D. Chitra ◽  
L. Muruganandam

Background: Reusing waste water by appropriate treatment is an effective method for substantiating the ever increasing water demand for construction, irrigation, domestic and industrial purposes. The greywater is the domestic waste water that does not contain the toilet effluent and it is converted and used for non-potable purpose through coagulation and flocculation by using natural coagulant. Objective: The main objective of this work is to evaluate the coagulating efficiencies of various natural coagulants on synthetic greywater by varying pH, mixing speed, mixing time and coagulant dosage. Methods: Powdered coagulants obtained from tamarind seeds, moringa oleifera, banana peels and fly ash were compared with conventional commercial coagulants like alum for synthetic and real greywater. Results: The natural coagulants have shown significant performance compared to chemicals like alum. Conclusion: The turbidity removal efficiency for tamarind seeds, moringa oleifera, banana peels and fly ash were found to be 61.33%, 85.75%, 90.42%, 94.27% against 96.49% obtained from alum on treating with synthetic grey water under identical conditions.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziz Qannaf Zaid ◽  
Suriati Binti Ghazali ◽  
Noor Sabrina Ahmad Mutamim ◽  
Olusegun Abayomi Olalere

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 226-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ridwan Fahmi ◽  
Nasrul Hamidin ◽  
Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin ◽  
M. Ali Umi Fazara ◽  
M.D. Irfan Hatim

The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of turbidity removal in water by using Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) as natural coagulant. The coagulation active agent in various Okra sections was extracted with distilled water and NaCl 1.0 M solutions. Synthetic water containing kaolin with turbidity of 55 NTU was used as water source in this study. The result shows that Okra seed that extracted both with distilled water and NaCl 1.0 N solution has the potential advantage as natural coagulant for turbidity removal in comparison with other sections of the plant. However, the seed is not economically feasible to be used as coagulant. The dried Okras leaf that commonly considered as waste material could be proposed as an alternative coagulant in water treatment process, due to its similarity in coagulation behaviour with Okras seed. FTIR analysis on leaf shows that chemical functional groups in protein were significantly removed after extraction with distilled water and NaCl 1.0 N solution. The result indicated a strong correlation between the protein content and turbidity removal efficiency, which eventually suggest that the protein in Okra could potentially be an active agent in coagulation process.


2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Eka Prihatinningtyas ◽  
Agus Jatnika Effendi

ABSTRACTThe ability of tapioca to act as natural coagulants (biocoagulants) was tested using artificial water. As turbidity was added as kaolin. This research aimed to determine the compounds and or groups that act as natural coagulant and to describe the mechanism of flocculation: extraction which yields tapioca extract and ion exchange which yields ionic tapioca. Coagulation process was performed at three different initial turbidities, i.e. 50 NTU (low turbidities), 150 NTU (middle turbidities) and 300 NTU (high initial turbidites). At the same condition (coagulant dose 20 ppmv, pH 5), ionic tapioca yield better turbidity removal compared tapioca extract i.e 11.2% at low initial turbidites; 2.4% at middle initial turbidities and 12.8% at high initial turbidities. FTIR analysis  showed that tapioca extract and ionic tapioca contained of carboxyl, hydroxyl and amides groups which  can act as active components on coagulation process. The presence of those groups caused positive and negative charges (amphoter). Coagulation process ran efficiently at pH 5 because the isoelectric point is obtained at that condition.Keyword : bio coagulants, coagulation,  coagulant agents, ionic tapioca, tapioca extract,ABSTRAK Kemampuan tepung tapioka sebagai koagulan alami (biokoagulan) telah diuji dengan menggunakan limbah artifisial dari kaolin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan senyawa atau gugus yang berperan sebagai biokoagulan dan menjelaskan mekanisme flokulasi yang terjadi. Perlakuan awal tapioca sebelum digunakan sebagai koagulan adalah ekstraksi yang menghasilkan ekstrak tapioka  dan pertukaran ion  yang menghasilkan tapioka ionik. Proses koagulasi dilakukan pada 3 macam kekeruhan awal yaitu 50 NTU (kekeruhan rendah), 150 NTU (kekeruhan sedang) dan 300 NTU (kekeruhan tinggi). Pada kondisi operasi yang sama (dosis 20 ppmv dan pH 5), tapioka ionik memberikan efisiensi penurunan kekeruhan yang lebih tinggi, yaitu sebesar 11,0% pada kekeruhan awal 50 NTU; 2,4% pada kekeruhan awal 150 NTU dan 12,8% pada kekeruhan awal 300 NTU. Hasil analisa FTIR menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak tapioka dan tapioka ionik mempunyai gugus karboksil (-OH), gugus karboksil (-COOH) dan gugus amida (-CONH2). Keberadaan ketiga gugus tersebut menyebabkan biokoagulan ini memiliki muatan positif dan negatif sekaligus (amfoter). Proses koagulasi berjalan dengan efisien pada pH 5 karena titik isoelektrik diperoleh pada pH tersebut. Kata kunci : biokoagulan, koagulasi, agen koagulan, ekstrak tapioka, tapioka ionik


1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleyman A. Muyibi ◽  
Saad A. Abbas Megat Johari M. M. Noor Fakrul Razi Ahmadun

In this laboratory based study, varying quantities of oil, corresponding to 20 % w/w, 25 % w/w and 30 % w/w kernel weight extracted from Moringa oleifera seeds ( S1, S2, S3) respectively  were applied in the coagulation of model turbid water (kaolin suspension) and turbid river water samples from River Batang Kali and River Selangor in Malaysia to determine the percentage oil removed which gave the best coagulation efficiency. For model turbid water (kaolin suspension) coagulation of low turbidity of 35 NTU, medium turbidity of 100 NTU and high turbidity of 300 NTU, sample S2  gave the best turbidity removal corresponding to 91.7%, 95.5% and 99% respectively. Application of sample S2 to River Batang Kali with low initial turbidity of 32 NTU and high initial turbidity of 502 NTU gave a highest turbidity removal of 69% and 99% respectively. Application to River Selangor with medium initial turbidity- of 87 NTU and high initial turbidity of 466 NTU gave a highest residual turbidity' of 94% and 98.9%,  respectively.Key words: Moringa oleifera seed, selective oil extraction, coagulation, model turbid water (kaolin suspension), river water, turbidity removal.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 512-524
Author(s):  
Konan Lopez Kouame ◽  
◽  
Nogbou Emmanuel Assidjo ◽  
Andre Kone Ariban ◽  
◽  
...  

This article presents an optimization of the drinking water treatment process at the SUCRIVOIRE treatment station. The objective is to optimize the coagulation and flocculation process (fundamental process of the treatment of said plant)by determining the optimal dosages of the products injected and then proposes a program for calculating the optimal dose of coagulant in order to automatically determine the optimal dose of the latter according to the raw water quality. This contribution has the advantage of saving the user from any calculations the latter simply enters the characteristics of the raw effluent using the physical interface of the program in order to obtain the optimum corresponding coagulant concentration. For the determination of the optimal coagulant doses, we performed Jar-Test flocculation tests in the laboratory over a period of three months. The results made it possible to set up a polynomial regression model of the optimal dose of alumina sulfate as a function of the raw water parameters. A program for calculating the optimal dose of coagulant was carried out on Visual Basic. The optimal doses of coagulant obtained vary from 25, 35, 40 and 45 mg/l depending on the characteristics of the raw effluent. The model obtained is: . Finally, verification tests were carried out using this model on the process. The results obtained meet the WHO drinkability standards for all parameters for a settling time of two hours.


2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 3044-3047
Author(s):  
Wan Chun Tan ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Yun Bo Wang ◽  
Shi Quan Sun ◽  
Chen Xue Yu

A granular activated carbon sand dual media filter (GSF) was investigated as an advanced water treatment process of waterworks through the pilot test. The results show that the GSFs can remove organic matter in the water effectively instead of the sand filters. During the filtration,the effectiveness of CODMn elimination was effective, the average removal rate reached 48.2%. The average pH of the filtered water had dropped from 7.26 to 8.35, indicating that the alkaline environment is necessary for nitrifying bacteria to remain active. The ability of water treatment and quality could be raised and improve the chemical safety of the filtered water.


Author(s):  
João Vitor Mariano Ribeiro ◽  
Priscila Vega Andrade ◽  
Adriano Gonçalves dos Reis

This study evaluated the use of Moringa oleifera (MO) seed as a natural coagulant for the removal of turbidity and apparent color in the water treatment with low initial turbidity through the in-line filtration technique. The morphology and surface charge were investigated by characterization techniques such as optical microscopy, laser particle size, and zeta potential. The cationic proteins of the MO seed were extracted in aqueous solution. The jar test showed the potability standards for turbidity and apparent color were reached in the pH range from 4.0 to 8.5 and dosages ≥ 5 mg L-1 of MO. The dominant coagulation mechanism is adsorption and charge neutralization. This study showed that treating low-turbidity water with MO seed by the in-line filtration technique is possible.


2010 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman N. Ali ◽  
Suleyman A. Muyibi ◽  
Hamzah M. Salleh ◽  
Md Zahangir Alam ◽  
Mohd Ramlan M. Salleh

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