Assessment of feasibility of natural coagulants in turbidity removal and modeling of coagulation process

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (31-33) ◽  
pp. 5812-5821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhukar V. Jadhav ◽  
Yogesh S. Mahajan
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Eka Prihatinningtyas ◽  
Agus Jatnika Effendi

ABSTRACTThe ability of tapioca to act as natural coagulants (biocoagulants) was tested using artificial water. As turbidity was added as kaolin. This research aimed to determine the compounds and or groups that act as natural coagulant and to describe the mechanism of flocculation: extraction which yields tapioca extract and ion exchange which yields ionic tapioca. Coagulation process was performed at three different initial turbidities, i.e. 50 NTU (low turbidities), 150 NTU (middle turbidities) and 300 NTU (high initial turbidites). At the same condition (coagulant dose 20 ppmv, pH 5), ionic tapioca yield better turbidity removal compared tapioca extract i.e 11.2% at low initial turbidites; 2.4% at middle initial turbidities and 12.8% at high initial turbidities. FTIR analysis  showed that tapioca extract and ionic tapioca contained of carboxyl, hydroxyl and amides groups which  can act as active components on coagulation process. The presence of those groups caused positive and negative charges (amphoter). Coagulation process ran efficiently at pH 5 because the isoelectric point is obtained at that condition.Keyword : bio coagulants, coagulation,  coagulant agents, ionic tapioca, tapioca extract,ABSTRAK Kemampuan tepung tapioka sebagai koagulan alami (biokoagulan) telah diuji dengan menggunakan limbah artifisial dari kaolin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan senyawa atau gugus yang berperan sebagai biokoagulan dan menjelaskan mekanisme flokulasi yang terjadi. Perlakuan awal tapioca sebelum digunakan sebagai koagulan adalah ekstraksi yang menghasilkan ekstrak tapioka  dan pertukaran ion  yang menghasilkan tapioka ionik. Proses koagulasi dilakukan pada 3 macam kekeruhan awal yaitu 50 NTU (kekeruhan rendah), 150 NTU (kekeruhan sedang) dan 300 NTU (kekeruhan tinggi). Pada kondisi operasi yang sama (dosis 20 ppmv dan pH 5), tapioka ionik memberikan efisiensi penurunan kekeruhan yang lebih tinggi, yaitu sebesar 11,0% pada kekeruhan awal 50 NTU; 2,4% pada kekeruhan awal 150 NTU dan 12,8% pada kekeruhan awal 300 NTU. Hasil analisa FTIR menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak tapioka dan tapioka ionik mempunyai gugus karboksil (-OH), gugus karboksil (-COOH) dan gugus amida (-CONH2). Keberadaan ketiga gugus tersebut menyebabkan biokoagulan ini memiliki muatan positif dan negatif sekaligus (amfoter). Proses koagulasi berjalan dengan efisien pada pH 5 karena titik isoelektrik diperoleh pada pH tersebut. Kata kunci : biokoagulan, koagulasi, agen koagulan, ekstrak tapioka, tapioka ionik


2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (s1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
S. Babitha Merlin ◽  
M. Abirami ◽  
R. Suresh Kumar

Abstract Indiscriminate disposal of wastewater with suspended solids have led to higher amount of pollution to the natural water bodies. Turbidity removal becomes an essential part in the water treatment when surface water is used for drinking purpose, this can be achieved by means of coagulation process. Coagulation process is the dosing of a coagulant in water, resulting in the destabilization of negatively charged particles. Commercial coagulants which were widely used can synthesize by-products in turn may pollute the environment and deteriorate the ecosystem at a slow rate. So, now-a-days natural coagulants are used as a potential substitute because it’s biodegradable, ecofriendly and non-toxic. In this study, the turbid surface water samples were treated using powdered seeds of Rajma (natural coagulant) followed by variations in dosage, settling time and pH were also studied. From the results obtained, it was found that the Rajma seeds powder achieved 48.80% efficiency for 0.5 g/l of optimum dose at pH 6 for 20 min settling time respectively.


1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Diaz ◽  
N. Rincon ◽  
A. Escorihuela ◽  
N. Fernandez ◽  
E. Chacin ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-220
Author(s):  
Jelena Prodanovic ◽  
Bojana Saric ◽  
Marina Sciban ◽  
Dragana Kukic ◽  
Vesna Vasic ◽  
...  

Natural coagulants from a crude water extract of common bean seed showed very good efficiency of turbidity removal from water of ~89 % under optimal coagulation conditions, which were determined using response surface methodology (RSM). However, they also increased the content of organic matter in treated model water by ~66 %, which is the main drawback of usage of natural coagulants, in general. Thus, ultrafiltration was applied for processing of the crude water extract in order to separate biomolecules, which exhibit the coagulation activity. Four fractions obtained by ultrafiltration were applied in coagulation tests under the same conditions as the crude extract, and the 4th fraction (molecules with molecular weights >30 kDa) with the predominant content of proteins with molecular weights 50 - 60 kDa, achieved almost as high efficiency of turbidity removal (75 %) as the crude extract. At the same time, the content of organic matter in treated water increased just for 16 % in comparison to the blank (model water processed in the same way but without coagulant). After optimization of process parameters by RSM for usage of the 4th fraction, the coagulation activity increased further to 80 %.


2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 495-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Nirmala Rani ◽  
Rajashekar Talikoti

Coagulation being a cost-effective method is best suited for water treatment in rural areas. Natural coagulants suited for the simultaneous removal of turbidity and hardness were investigated. In this study, the seeds of Strychnos Potatorum, the pads of Cactus Opuntia and mucilage extracted from the fruits of Coccinia Indica in synthetic turbid water were used to promote coagulation. The mechanism of turbidity removal by the use of natural coagulants was based on adsorption and charge neutralization. In addition, the adsorption mechanism of hardness removal in hard water conforms to both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. Therefore, for hard water the natural coagulants tend to adsorb hardness and form a net like structure followed by turbidity removal by sweep flocculation. The potential of these natural coagulants were obtained by means of jar test study with initial turbidities of 192 NTU (High) and 28 NTU (Low). It was found that the natural coagulants can be more efficiently used for high turbid waters. Hardness removal efficiency was found to increase with the increase in coagulant dosage.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vara Saritha ◽  
Manoj Kumar Karnena ◽  
Bhavya Kavitha Dwarapureddi

AbstractOwing to the advantages of the natural coagulants under study, the present objective is to study the efficiency of blended coagulants: alum and chitin; alum and sago; and alum + chitin + sago. In this attempt, we have reduced the quantity of alum dose and added increasing quantities of the natural coagulants. The surface water samples collected from nearby sources were analyzed for the following parameters pre- and post-treatment with the coagulants. Coagulation and flocculation experiments were carried out using conventional jar test apparatus. Turbidity removal was observed to be nearly 99.29% at all pH ranges and doses. Removal of conductivity, solids and hardness was 58.83%, 32.03% and 33.33%, respectively. From the results obtained, it can be observed that the efficiency of blended coagulants in removal of various physicochemical parameters from the waters was better when compared to individual coagulants. The floc size in blend coagulants was larger than that of single coagulants. The data obtained in this study indicated the coagulation efficiency could be enhanced by using the blend coagulant.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Meng Hong Ng ◽  
Mohamed Soliman Elshikh

The plant-based natural coagulant has the potential to substitute the chemical coagulant in the water treatment process. In this work, the potential of plant-based natural coagulants in the ability of turbidity removal was identified. The Moringa oleifera seed was selected for the batch analysis test such as pH, contact time, agitation, and dosage. The high alkaline water decreases the effectiveness of plant-based natural coagulants. The agitation and contact time show the importance of the coagulation process. The optimum turbidity removal rate in pH is 4, the contact time is 60 seconds and 3000 seconds for coagulation and flocculation, respectively, the agitation is 300 RPM and 30 RPM for coagulation and flocculation, and lastly, the dosage is 10 g of Moringa oleifera seed. Finally, the plant-based natural coagulants demonstrated the ability to remove turbidity and could be used in place of chemical coagulants.


Author(s):  
Vijayarani. A* ◽  

In this analysis, the efficacy of adding coagulants such as Phaseolus lunatus and Phaseolus vulgaris (polymers) to the coagulation process during the treatment of arsenic aqueous solution to extract the arsenic metal was investigated. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the output of Phaseolus lunatus and Phaseolus vulgaris, both individually and in combination with arsenic, using the standard Jar test protocol. P.lunatus and P.vulgaris were given doses ranging from 1 to 3 gm. For P.lunatus and P.vulgaris, the (optimal) removal efficiency for total arsenic in the aqueous solution was obtained at 2gm. With chemical affinity between arsenic and coagulants used in this process, the valence state of arsenic may affect removal efficiency during the chemical coagulation process. pH is discovered to be a significant factor that has a direct or indirect impact on results. By overcoming the isoelectric point, the complex formed by the interaction of the inorganic pollutant and organic coagulant may aid in the removal of arsenic at pH 9 and 8. P.lunatus and P.vulgaris had optimised arsenic initial concentrations of 57.1µg/L and 42.6µg/L, respectively. The coagulation mechanism is more prevalent in water treatment, as shown by the above findings.


Author(s):  
Majed Alenazi ◽  
Khalid S. Hashim ◽  
Afrah Abood Hassan ◽  
Magomed Muradov ◽  
Patryk Kot ◽  
...  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document