EMISSION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS CONTAINED IN COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF GASOLINE ENGINES

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Assad ◽  
V. V. Grushevski ◽  
O. G. Penyazkov ◽  
I. N. Tarasenko
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Load Mode

The concentration of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the gasoline combustion products emitted into the atmosphere by internal combustion engines (ICE) has been measured using the gas chromatography method. The concentrations of PAHs in the exhaust gases sampled behind a catalytic converter has been determined when the ICE operates in five modes: idle mode, high speed mode, load mode, ICE cold start mode (engine warm-up) and transient mode. Using 92 RON, 95 RON and 98 RON gasoline the effect of the octane number of gasoline on the PAHs content in the exhaust gases has been revealed. The concentration of the most carcinogenic component (benzo(α)pyrene) in the exhaust gases behind a catalytic converter significantly exceeds a reference value of benzo(α)pyrene in the atmospheric air established by the WHO and the EU for ICE in the load mode.

Research on Emissions of Benzene & Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Constant Volume Combustion Bomb

2012 ◽  
Vol 468-471 ◽  
pp. 2993-2997
Author(s):  
Xiao Juan Liang ◽  
Xi Qin Li
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Constant Volume ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Constant Volume Combustion ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are harmful to human body and environment. In order to know the formatting rules of benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in gasoline combustion process, a series of tests are done in a constant volume combustion bomb. The emissions of benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are measured by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyzer. The test results show that the benzene in combustion products comes from the incomplete combustion fuel. The free radicals out of cracking fuel may also become benzene in combustion process. Adding ethanol in fuels does not necessarily increase the emission of benzene. Formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons varies with temperature.

scholarly journals Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Bottom Sediments of the River – Sea Mixing Zone on the Example of the River Chernaya and the Sevastopol Bay (the Black Sea)

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Soloveva ◽  
E. A. Tikhonova ◽  
O. A. Mironov ◽  
T. O. Barabashin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Contact Zone ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Performance ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Sevastopol Bay ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Purpose. The study is aimed at determining concentrations of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and at revealing their pattern distribution in the bottom sediments of the "river – sea" contact zone on the example of the Sevastopol Bay and the river Chernaya. Methods and Results. Granulometric composition of the bottom sediments was determined by the decantation and dispersion method. Identification and quantitative determination of PAHs were carried out by the high performance liquid chromatography method. The total PAHs content in the bottom sediments of the area under study varied from 12 to 670 ng/g of dry weight. The pollutant content was minimum in the river site beyond the geochemical barrier. In the area where the river Chernaya flows into the Sevastopol Bay, the PAHs content was 121 ng/g. The highest PAHs content was revealed in the Sevastopol Bay bottom sediments, more precisely, in 1.5 km southwest of the river Chernaya flowing into the bay. 14 PAHs were identified in the estuary zone of the river, 4 of them (naphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, fluorene, anthracene) were in the trace amounts. The maximum concentration (99%) of silty material was observed in the Sevastopol Bay water area. The silt fractions were distributed as follows: 20% – aleuritic-pelite fraction, 79% – pelitic-aleurite fraction. Directly in the area of the river inflow into the bay, accumulation of the sand fraction (7%) and the maximum portion of pelitic silts were noted. Conclusions. The recorded values of PAHs corresponded to the natural non-toxic levels. PAHs identified in the bottom sediments of the river estuary zone are of the mixed, predominantly petrogenic origin. The obtained data show that in the conditions of the "river – sea" contact zone, the PAHs accumulation in general and their individual fractions were governed mainly by presence of silt in the bottom sediments.

scholarly journals Analysis of technological conditions for the formation and burnout of carcinogenic pahs in boiler flue gases

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
M. S. Ivanitskiy
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Coal Combustion Products ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Environmental Measures

THE PURPOSE. The necessity of establishing emission standards for highly toxic substances with carcinogenic properties in the context of the implementation of new principles of state regulation of environmental protection activities at energy enterprises is substantiated and confirmed. The analysis of the features of the formation and burnout of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the flue gases of boilers during the combustion of coals in lowtemperature conditions of the furnace process is carried out. Based on the analysis, the total and partial indicators of the harmfulness of flue gases were calculated in order to assess and predict the overall toxicity of coal combustion products, taking into account the contribution of carcinogenic substances.METHODS. When calculating the overall toxicity of flue gases, a systematic analysis and generalization of experimental data on the content of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the combustion products of low-power boilers was applied.RESULTS. As a result of the performed study, the contribution of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons to the overall toxicity of boiler flue gases during the combustion of Azeysky, Mugunsky, Cheremkhovsky and Tugnuy coal was determined. It is shown that substances such as benz(a)pyrene, fluoranthene, pyrene and phenanthrene significantly affect the level of the total indicator of the harmfulness of combustion products from 38.8 to 53.6%.CONCLUSION. The obtained research results can be applied at energy enterprises at the stage of substantiating the introduction of regime-technological and environmental measures in order to develop measures to improve environmental efficiency through technological rationing of carcinogenic emissions.

scholarly journals The Complex Method for Measurement Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil, Water, Plant Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Natalya Tereshchenko ◽  
◽  
Olena Khyzhan ◽  
Viktor Maksin ◽  
Kateryna Nesterova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Water Plant ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
In Series ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Method

The measurement of xenobiotics (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) group) in agricultural objects: soil, water, plant products was developed and tested by the high performance liquid chromatography method in this work. Our investigation was carried out by using laboratory samples taken from the research farm "Snitynka". Optimal modes of high-performance liquid chromatography method with a fluorescent detector (HPLC/FLD) were established for xenobiotics measurement: benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(e)pyrene, benzo(b)fluorine, chrysene and their mixtures. Metrological characteristics of PAHs measuring were established: the limit of quantitative analysis (LOQ = 1.0 μg/kg), the limit of detection (LOD = 0.25 μg/kg), measuring range 1.0 - 10.0 μg/kg, the total measurement error (%) for each xenobiotics content average did not exceed 20%. The approbation of the methodology was performed in series of 50 model samples in the concentration range of each xenobiotics from 1.0±0.1 μg/kg to 10.0±0.1 μg/kg and in series of 50 natural samples. It is established that the developed method allows to unify laboratory control of PAHs and improves the process of monitoring analysis of xenobiotics.

scholarly journals Assessment of Ecological Safety of Power Plants with Diesel Engines

10.12737/3668 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Маркова ◽  
V. Markova ◽  
Девянин ◽  
S. Devyanin
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Ecological Safety ◽  
Assessment Technique ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Toxicological properties of diesel engines’ exhaust gases, in particular polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as diesel engines’ exhaust gases composition, toxicity assessment technique for exhaust gases of diesel engines working at different types of fuel have been presented. Advantages related to use in diesels a biological fuel made on basis of vegetable oils have been shown.

scholarly journals Extraction from Moist Snuff with Artificial Saliva of Benzo[a]pyrene and Other Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 214-223
Author(s):  
Serban C. Moldoveanu ◽  
Jerry W. Marshall ◽  
Thomas H. Poole
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Moist Snuff ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

SummaryThe present study evaluated in vitro extractability of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from moist snuff, when the extracting agent was water or artificial saliva. The extraction was performed on nine brands of moist snuff samples that are commercially available and were purchased from the market in January 2018. The moist snuff brands were selected to represent brands with different tobacco cut size descriptors and flavors. For the measurement of PAHs, two different analytical methods were used, an HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) method for measuring only benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and a GC/MS/MS (Gas Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry) method for measuring 21 PAHs (including BaP). These methods were modifications of preexistent methods reported in the literature. The results for BaP indicated that by extracting 500 mg of freeze-dried moist snuff with 6 portions of 20 mL water (120 mL), or with 4 portions of 20 mL artificial saliva, followed by two portions of 20 mL water, the BaP remains close to 100% in the solid material and it is not detected in the extracting solution. PAHs with a molecular weight similar or heavier than BaP also showed no extractability. Lighter PAHs such as fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and 5-methylanthracene showed a relatively good extractability. An intermediate group including fluoranthene, pyrene, and benz[a]anthracene showed some extractability in the conditions of this in vitro experiment. This study is not a substitute for clinical studies regarding PAH uptake in human users of moist snuff. However, the results indicate very limited bioavailability of BaP and heavier PAHs from moist snuff. Higher, but variable bioavailability was indicated for lighter PAHs. Important implications of these findings are that: 1) measurably different BaP content of two moist snuff products is unlikely to result in any meaningfully different consumer exposure to BaP; and 2) biomarkers for one PAH cannot necessarily be used as a reliable indicator of exposure to another PAH, particularly if the molecular weights of the precursor PAHs differ since their bioavailabilities can be very different. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 28 (2019) 214–223]

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Bottom Sediments of the River – Sea Mixing Zone on the Example of the River Chernaya and the Sevastopol Bay (the Black Sea)

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Soloveva ◽  
E. A. Tikhonova ◽  
O. A. Mironov ◽  
T. O. Barabashin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Contact Zone ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Performance ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Sevastopol Bay ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Purpose. The study is aimed at determining concentrations of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and at revealing their pattern distribution in the bottom sediments of the "river – sea" contact zone on the example of the Sevastopol Bay and the river Chernaya. Methods and Results. Granulometric composition of the bottom sediments was determined by the decantation and dispersion method. Identification and quantitative determination of PAHs were carried out by the high performance liquid chromatography method. The total PAHs content in the bottom sediments of the area under study varied from 12 to 670 ng/g of dry weight. The pollutant content was minimum in the river site beyond the geochemical barrier. In the area where the river Chernaya flows into the Sevastopol Bay, the PAHs content was 121 ng/g. The highest PAHs content was revealed in the Sevastopol Bay bottom sediments, more precisely, in 1.5 km southwest of the river Chernaya flowing into the bay. 14 PAHs were identified in the estuary zone of the river, 4 of them (naphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, fluorene, anthracene) were in the trace amounts. The maximum concentration (99%) of silty material was observed in the Sevastopol Bay water area. The silt fractions were distributed as follows: 20% – aleuritic-pelite fraction, 79% – pelitic-aleurite fraction. Directly in the area of the river inflow into the bay, accumulation of the sand fraction (7%) and the maximum portion of pelitic silts were noted. Conclusions. The recorded values of PAHs corresponded to the natural non-toxic levels. PAHs identified in the bottom sediments of the river estuary zone are of the mixed, predominantly petrogenic origin. The obtained data show that in the conditions of the "river – sea" contact zone, the PAHs accumulation in general and their individual fractions were governed mainly by presence of silt in the bottom sediments

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