scholarly journals Ecogeochemical studies of the postindustrial sites of Minsk

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-330
Author(s):  
T. I. Kukharchyk ◽  
S. V. Kakareka ◽  
M. I. Kazyrenka ◽  
V. D. Chernyuk ◽  
A. V. Krylovich
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Heavy Metals Accumulation ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Functional Purpose

In the article the results of studying the sites of industrial enterprises, which have stopped their activities fully or partially in Minsk, are discussed. It is shown that in most cases the re-development of industrial sites with a change of their functional purpose is carried out after 10 years or more. Based on the results of preliminary investigation of a number of the former industrial sites, it was established that such sites continue to be sources of pollutants after the completion of enterprises activity. The enrichment of technogenic substrates carried out from industrial sites by surface runoff (sediments near storm collectors and in topographic lows) with heavy metals is shown. The average content of cadmium in sediments is 2,6 (maximum – 3,9), lead – 3,1 (14), copper – 2,5 (2,2), zinc – 1,7 (2,8), nickel – 3,3 (8,0), chromium – 3,4 (6,6) times higher than in soils. The established standards for lead were exceeded in 63 % of cases, for cadmium – in 77 %, for zinc and copper – in 100 % of cases. The maximum permissible concentration was exceeded 5 times for at least one indicator in almost half of the samples (44 %). The dependence of heavy metals accumulation on the specialization of previously carried out industrial activities is shown. The need for improvement of scientific and methodological approaches to studying of contaminated and potentially contaminated post-industrial areas in connection with their planned re-profiling for urban planning purposes is discussed.

Surface runoff deposits and soils contamination in urban areas in Belarus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marharyta Kazyrenka ◽  
Tamara Kukharchyk
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Industrial Enterprises

<p>In the paper the results of study of surface runoff deposits and soils in two Belarusian cities are shown. It is known that urban soils are under significant anthropogenic impact. Investigations of industrial areas are limited due to the lack of direct access to them. In the same time soils on industrial sites can be a significant source of further contamination of adjacent urban area as a result of water and wind activity. Thus, surface runoff deposits can serve as an indicator of industrial soil pollution. Moreover, the redistribution of pollutants with surface runoff can also cause secondary urban soil contamination. The understanding of pollutants migration and accumulation in urban soils and their possible exposure routes into rivers is an important part of urban area investigations and planning.</p><p>The main objective of the study was an assessment the levels of pollutants in runoff deposits and revealing the role of surface runoff in the migration of pollutants from industrial sites.</p><p>Investigations of urban areas were carried out in 2008–2019 in Minsk and Lida, Grodno region (Belarus). Soil samples were taken form upper soil layer (mainly 0-5, 0-10 cm) in the territory of industrial enterprises and in their impact zones. Runoff deposits were sampled mainly in areas covered with asphalt or concrete near industrial enterprises and along roads. Particular attention was paid to areas with a slope of surface from enterprises. AAS  method for heavy metals  determination was applied; the content of total petroleum hydrocarbons was determined by fluorimetric method. </p><p>Elevated content of heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons in surface runoff deposits has been revealed. The concentrations of pollutants in runoff deposits were many times higher than in soils. Significance of differences between pollutants content in soils and deposits samples is statistically confirmed. Exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations for petroleum hydrocarbons was observed in 100%, for metals – in 70–100% of analyzed surface runoff deposits samples.</p><p>The findings confirm an important role of surface runoff in migration and accumulation of pollutants and suggest the need for more in-depth studies of urban areas with the study of local erosive processes, the characteristics of formation  and role of surface runoff in the migration and redistribution of pollutants outside their direct sources. The adoption of measures to prevent pollutants migration from industrial areas is an important factor in improving the state of soils in urban areas.</p>

scholarly journals CORRELATION AND STRUCTURE OF A FORENSIC TECHNIQUE AND FORENSIC SCIENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-147
Author(s):  
M. Shcherbakovsky
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Forensic Research ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Functional Purpose

A historical analysis of forensic techniques and forensic science emergence as scientific branches is outlined, their interconnection, differences are considered, the subject, object and structure are clarified. It is shown that criminalistics and forensic science are both separate and kindred scientific branches that have common historical roots. The author proves that the development and gradual separation of forensic science from criminalistics did not change the scientific, methodological, didactic foundations and structure of a forensic technique as a component of criminalistics. The structure of forensic technique and forensic science is suggested. The author presents the forensic technique modern structure in the form of the following sections: physical traces of crimes: types, classification, mechanism of formation; technical and forensic means and methods: classification, functional purpose; organizational and legal foundations of forensic support of offences investigation; means and methods of searching, recording, seizing, packaging and transporting traces of offenses; means and methods of preliminary investigation of offenses’ traces; information and reference support of offenses disclosure and investigation. Forensic science is represented in two parts: “General theory of forensic examination”, which includes theoretical provisions, doctrines inherent in all forensic fields, and “Methodological fundamentals  of certain types of forensic examinations”, which are the theoretical basis of certain forensic branches and are used for the development of methods for solving typical forensic tasks. The close connection and mutual influence of two scientific branches and types of activity are noted. The connection is manifested in the unity of theoretical foundations, methodological approaches to the study of objects and, partially, in the use of technical means. The development of new forensic methods affects the advancement and improvement of technical and forensic means of collecting physical traces of a crime. On the contrary, the emergence of  new types of crime traces necessitates the creation of appropriate typical forensic research methods.

scholarly journals Bees: bioindicators of the environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Kovalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Literature Information ◽  
Heavy Metals Accumulation ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Metals Accumulation ◽  
Methodological Approaches

It is well-known that melliferous bees are the most sensitive indicators of ecologic conditions of natural environment. Researches in recent years show that bees and bee products can accumulate selectively some heavy metals, radioactive substances, pesticides and other polluters. Scales of heavy metals accumulation on the territory of Ukraine, as toxins of technologic origin unfortunately increase. Environmental pollution by heavy metals leads to their accumulation in plant and animal raw materials and production, consequently their quality decreases. It was proved that apiary accommodation in heavy metal polluted territories leads to their accumulation in pollen, honey bee-comb and wax. But the questions concerning study of peculiarities of sources, ways of pollution and heavy metals content in bee products are not enough lightened, and that was the purpose of our work. Generalized we present in literature information and results of our researches about the use of bees and bee products in quality of bioindicator contamination of environment by heavy metals. Dependence of content of heavy metals is set in the organism of bees in relation intensity of greening to contamination of environment. It is marked on the necessity of lead through of systems research in relation to determination of content of heavy metals in fabrics of bees and bee products with the purpose of search of new methodological approaches for authentication these toxicant of objective environment of contamination and him apimonitoring. Methodological elements of the researches of regularities of heavy metals and lipids content in the tissues of different anatomic sections of the organism and bee products were elaborated.

scholarly journals Accumulation of heavy metals by wild and cultivated mushrooms (review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
A. V. Krasnikov ◽  
V. S. Selikhova ◽  
E. S. Krasnikova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environment Pollution ◽  
Wild Mushrooms ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Heavy Metals Accumulation ◽  
Anthropogenic Environment ◽  
Metals Accumulation ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Cultivated Mushrooms

 The article is devoted to the problem of consequences of anthropogenic environment pollution with heavy metals and their salts. The review presents data on food products that most actively accumulate them. It is shown that edible wild-growing and cultivated mushrooms are classified as such. At the same time, there are no normative documents regulating the maximum permissible values of heavy metals content for wild mushrooms. Herewith, among the wild-growing mushrooms, there are species that are most prone to the heavy metals accumulation. According to the authors, the issue of studying the accumulation of heavy metals by fungi growing near cities with developed industry is relevant. It is required to develop methodological approaches for their detection in wild-growing edible mushrooms and regulatory documents regulating their admission to the retail network. 

scholarly journals The assessment of soil contamination with heavy metals in the Vladimir city

2021 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Ivan Kurochkin ◽  
Natalia Chugay ◽  
Ekaterina Kulagina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Accumulation Coefficient ◽  
City Area ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Heavy Metals Accumulation ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Metals Accumulation ◽  
The City

To analyze heavy metal contamination of urbanized soil in the Vladimir city, the soil was sampled and studied. The city area is represented by sod-medium podzolic and gray forest urbanized soil. Soil samples analysis included lead, zinc, copper, nickel, manganese, cobalt and chromium. The resulted parameters were compared to the maximum permissible concentrations and background values. The regularities between the studied sites proximity to the industrial enterprises and heavy metals concentration in soil have been found. The coefficients of heavy metals accumulation in soil have been calculated and the metals as priority pollutants with the highest accumulation coefficient have been identified. By calculating the cumulative accumulation index, the city area has been differentiated according to the hazardous degree. The research peculiarity comprises the sampling locations selection – school sites, as the child population is the most vulnerable to the diseases, associated with the heavy metals accumulation in soil.

Assessment of Heavy Metals Accumulation in Shrubs And herbs along some Selected Roads in Mubi, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tizhe Tari Dlama ◽  
Yusuf Sankem Comfort ◽  
Kwaya Vawanje Bitrus ◽  
James Ussa ◽  
Sunday Bukata Dorathy
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metals Accumulation ◽  
Metals Accumulation

Biomonitoring of heavy metals accumulation in wild plants growing at Soon valley, Khushab, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zafar Iqbal Khan ◽  
Ilker Ugulu ◽  
Asma Zafar ◽  
Naunain Mehmood ◽  
Humayun Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Heavy Metals Accumulation ◽  
Metals Accumulation

Обезвреживание поверхностного стока – важный вклад в охрану водных объектов

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
G. Variushina
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Retention Basin ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The Russian Federation

Приводятся сведения о разработанных специалистами АО МосводоканалНИИпроект научных исследованиях и проектных решениях в области очистки поверхностных сточных вод с территории Москвы, причинах загрязнения водоисточников неочищенными поверхностными стоками в 1970х годах. Представлены основные характеристики комплексов глубокой очистки поверхностных стоков, разработанных проектов очистных сооружений для промышленных предприятий с площадью водосбора 0,3 1 5 10 и 15 га. Показано, что эффективность очистки поверхностных сточных вод соответствует требованиям, предъявляемым к водоемам рыбохозяйственного значения. При этом для обезвоживания осадка, образующегося в накопительном резервуаре очистных сооружений, в технологической схеме предусмотрена песковая площадка, а для сбора плавающих нефтепродуктов нефтеразделитель. Новизна разработанной технологии обезвреживания поверхностного стока и обработки осадка была подтверждена пятью патентами РФ, одобрена Госстроем РФ, Центральным управлением по рыбохозяйственной экспертизе и нормативам по сохранению, воспроизводству водных биологических ресурсов и акклиматизации, Городской санитарной службой Москвы и области, службами Москомприроды и Мосгосэкспертизы. Показан вклад специалистов лаборатории обработки природных, промышленнодождевых сточных вод и осадка в решение проблем очистки поверхностного стока. Приведена информация об истории развития и перспективных направлениях научной деятельности лаборатории, ее планах в организационнометодической и воспитательной работе с молодыми специалистами.Information on the research and design solutions developed by the experts of MosvodokanalNIIproject JSC in the field of surface runoff treatment from the territory of Moscow, the causes of water sources pollution with raw surface runoff in the 1970s. The basic characteristics of the complexes for the enhanced treatment of surface runoff, the developed projects of wastewater treatment facilities for industrial enterprises with a catchment area of 0.3 1 5 10 and 15 ha. It is shown that the effectiveness of surface runoff treatment meets the requirements to water bodies of commercial fishing importance. At the same time, for dewatering of sludge generated in the retention basin of wastewater treatment facilities, a grit dewatering bay is included into the process flow scheme, and an oil separator is used to collect floating oil products. The novelty of the developed technology for neutralization of surface runoff and sludge treatment has been acknowledged by five patents of the Russian Federation, approved by Gosstroy of the Russian Federation, the Central Department of Fisheries Examination and Review and Protection and Renewal and Acclimatization Standards, the Moscow City and Moscow Region Sanitary Service, Moskompriroda and Mosgosekspertiza services. The contribution of the research workers of the laboratory for the treatment of natural, industrialstorm wastewater and sludge processing to the solution of problems of surface runoff treatment is demonstrated. The information about the history of development and promising areas of research activity of the laboratory, its plans in the organizational, methodological and educational work with young professionals is given.

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