scholarly journals Calculation and modeling of surface high-frequency pipe heat treatment parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
I. I. Vegera ◽  
A. I. Matalygo ◽  
I. A. Sakavysh ◽  
P. U. Tsykunou
Keyword(s):  
Induction Hardening ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Heating Zone ◽  
Cooling Zone ◽  
Technical Institute ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Quenching Temperature ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Deep Layers ◽  
The Moment

This article describes a device developed and manufactured on the basis of the Physical-Technical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, an induction hardening complex, and a range of parts suitable for processing. In addition, the article provides an example of the development of a technology for hardening parts from the moment a drawing of a part is obtained, indicating the required parameters of the hardened layer, until the determination of the technology of hardening, determining the type of inductor used and determining the necessary parameters of hardening, such as: size of the heating zone, size of the cooling zone, speed of mutual movement of the part and inductor, as well as the type and pressure of the quenching fluid. The article also presents examples of simulation results, various processes of heating and cooling parts using the UNIVERSAL 2D program, and offers an example of analysis of the data and possible ways to adjust the heating parameters in order to obtain the desired result, which allows to obtaining hardened layers of parts of the desired size and hardness. The importance of the stage of modeling of heating modes, especially in the case of large workpieces, is noted. Thus, the insufficient cooling rate of such parts can lead to warping, especially at a too high quenching temperature and heating depth. Self-tempering significantly affects the hardness values of the deep layers. Various combinations of heating modes for one type of parts are selected individually, according to the requirement of a customer and the type of generator used. The higher the depth of the heating zone, the higher the effect of self-tempering on the deeper layers is.

A computational and experimental study of heating and cooling cycles during thermal sterilization of liquid foods in pouches using CFD

2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A G Ghani ◽  
M M Farid ◽  
X D Chen
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Saturated Steam ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Heating Zone ◽  
Cooling Zone ◽  
Temperature Dependent Viscosity ◽  
Cooling Cycle ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Cooling Media ◽  
Dependent Viscosity

In this study, a theoretical analysis of a heating and cooling cycle during sterilization of a three-dimensional pouch filled with carrot-orange soup was presented and analysed. Transient temperature, the shape of the slowest heating zone (SHZ) during heating and the slowest cooling zone (SCZ) during cooling were presented and studied. The simulation covered the whole heating and cooling cycles of 3600s and 1200s durations, respectively. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code PHOENICS was used for this purpose. Saturated steam at 121°C and water at 20°C were assumed to be the heating and cooling media, respectively. The partial differential equations describing the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy were solved numerically using the finite volume method. The liquid food used in the simulation has a temperature-dependent viscosity and density. At the end of heating, the SHZ was found to have settled into a region within 30–40 per cent of the pouch height above the bottom and at a distance approximately 20–30 per cent of the pouch length from its deepest end. In the cooling cycle, the slowest cooling zone (SCZ) was found to develop in the core of the pouch and gradually migrate toward the widest end. The vertical location of this slowest cooling zone was about 60–70 per cent of the pouch height. Experimental validation has been performed by measuring the temperature distribution in the pouch during heating and cooling, using thermocouples fixed at different locations. The predicted results were in good agreement with those obtained from the experiments.

scholarly journals Effects of Coil Configuration on Residual Stress and Hardened Layer of Shafts Due to Induction Hardening.

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (652) ◽  
pp. 4080-4086
Author(s):  
Kouitsu MIYACHIKA ◽  
Satoshi ODA ◽  
Masakazu KATO ◽  
Hajime TSUBOI ◽  
Hiroshige FUJIO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Induction Hardening ◽  
Hardened Layer

scholarly journals Optimization of Induction Quenching Processes for HSS Roll Based on MMPT Model

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Liu ◽  
Yu ◽  
Yang ◽  
Zhao ◽  
Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Induction Hardening ◽  
Stress Constraints ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Residual Tensile Stress ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Orthogonal Test Design

To improve the comprehensive performance of high speed steel (HSS) cold rolls, the induction hardening processes were analyzed by numerical simulation and experimental research. Firstly, a modified martensitic phase transformation (MMPT) model of the tested steel under stress constraints was established. Then, the MMPT model was fed into DEFORM to simulate the induction quenching processes of working rolls based on an orthogonal test design and the optimal dual frequency of the induction quenching process was obtained. The results indicate that the depth of the roll’s hardened layer increases by 32.5% and the axial residual tensile stress also becomes acceptable under the optimized process. This study provides guidance for studying phase transformation laws under stress constraints and the optimization of complex processes in an efficient manner.

scholarly journals Simulation and experimental studies of induction hardening behavior of a new medium-carbon, low-alloy wear resistance steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-165
Author(s):  
Vahid Javaheri ◽  
John Inge Asperheim ◽  
Bjørnar Grande ◽  
Satish Kolli ◽  
David Porter
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Induction Hardening ◽  
Transformation Model ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Commercial Software ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hardening Behavior ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
History Of ◽  
Slurry Transport

Purpose The purpose of this work is to determine the induction hardening behavior of a new steel composition. For this purpose, Flux2D commercial software together with a Gleeble thermomechanical simulator has been used to numerically and physically simulate the material properties profile of an induction hardened slurry transportation pipe made of a recently developed 0.4 Wt.% C, Nb-microalloyed steel. Design/methodology/approach Flux 2D commercial software together with a Gleeble thermomechanical simulator machine has been used to predict the induction behavior of the studied material. After calculating the thermal history of a 400 mm diameter, 10 mm thick pipe at various positions through the thickness, different heating and cooling paths were physically simulated using the Gleeble machine to predict the through thickness material microstructure and hardness profiles. Finding The results showed that by coupling a phase transformation model considering the effect of heating rate on the austenite transformation temperatures which allows calculations for arbitrary cooling paths with calculated induction heating and quenching thermal cycles, it has been possible to design induction hardening parameters for a slurry transport pipe material. Originality/value The composition used in this research as well as the methodology approach is designed at this work.

Steady Temperature in a Rotating Cylinder Subject to Surface Heating and Convective Cooling

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gecim ◽  
W. O. Winer
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Peclet Number ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Integral Transform ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cooling Zone ◽  
Dimensionless Numbers ◽  
Péclet Number ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Simultaneous Heating

This study utilizes an integral transform technique in order to solve the heat conduction equation in cylindrical coordinates. The major assumption is the high speed (i.e., large Peclet number) assumption. The boundary value problem is governed by the parabolic form of the heat equation representing the quasi-stationary state. The boundary conditions are a combination of Neumann and mixed type due to simultaneous heating and cooling on the surface of the cylinder. The surface temperature reaches a peak value over the heat source and gradually decreases to a nearly constant level over the cooling zone. Thermal penetration in the radial direction is shown to be only a few percent of the radius, leaving the bulk of the body at a uniform temperature. The width of the heat source and the total heat input are shown to be effective on the level of temperature whereas the input distribution is shown to be unimportant. The dimensionless numbers involved are the Biot and the Peclet numbers where the solution is governed by the ratio of the Biot number to the square root of the Peclet number.

Residual Stress and Hardened Layer of Roller Due to Induction Hardening

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003.4 (0) ◽  
pp. 31-32
Author(s):  
Kouitsu MIYACHIKA ◽  
Hidefumi MADA ◽  
Takao KOIDE ◽  
Satoshi ODA ◽  
Hiroshige FUJIO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Induction Hardening ◽  
Hardened Layer

Hot Stamping of Two Different High Strength Steel with Tailored Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 395-396 ◽  
pp. 909-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi Jian Wang ◽  
Ya Xu ◽  
Wen Ting He ◽  
Yi Sheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Strength Steel ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Hot Stamping ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Heating Zone ◽  
Cooling Zone ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Transition Zones

With the increasingly widespread application of high-strength steel (HSS), tailored properties, namely different mechanical properties required in different regions of the same part, have been proposed, in order to achieve the matching between mechanical properties and safety performance of motor vehicle parts. In this paper, the influence of air gap on the final hardness and strength distribution is discussed in terms of two different HSS, namely LG1500HS and WHT1500HF. As for steel LG1500HS, regardless of the location of samples in the formed part, the final fracture area is in the vicinity of the air gap center, proving the lowest hardness and strength in transition zones. Compared to steel LG1500HS, steel WHT1500HF exhibits gradient hardness distribution from the cooling zone to the heating zone, with no minimal value discovered in transition zones.

EFFECT OF SLOW HEATING AND COOLING ON THE INTERDIFFUSION OF THIN FILMS

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 703-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. JOUBERT ◽  
J. J. TERBLANS ◽  
H. C. SWART
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Annealing Time ◽  
Slow Heating ◽  
Heating Period ◽  
Depth Profiles ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Diffusion Parameters ◽  
Exact Moment ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Heating Profiles

Interdiffusion parameters are often extracted from depth profiles of the interface of annealed thin films by measuring the annealing time of the sample as well as the distance over which interdiffusion took place. The annealing time is usually taken as the time from the moment the sample enters the oven to the exact moment the sample is removed from the oven. However, diffusion does not start and stop at these points, as the temperature of the sample does not change instantaneously. Any calculation performed with the instantaneous and therefore erroneous time will result in incorrect diffusion parameters extracted from the depth profiles. The influence of the extended heating period is studied by solving Fick's second law numerically and employing three distinct heating profiles in the calculations, namely instantaneous, actual, and linear. The results indicate a clear difference between the first two calculated depth profiles. Using these calculations and some experimental results, a method that employs linear heating and cooling of a sample is proposed for studying the interdiffusion of fast diffusing elements (with low activation energies).

Structure Investigation of the Constructional Steel St3ps after Argon-Arc Plasma Treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 870 ◽  
pp. 500-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.P. Nikolaeva
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Plasma Processing ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Equilibrium Structure ◽  
Constructional Steel ◽  
Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Steel Microstructure ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Study Results

The plasma processing causes a change of a surface layer structure and characteristics of the surface layer of the material. During plasma processing the surface is subjected to ultrafast heating and cooling which causes a thin hardened layer, and the resulting non-equilibrium structure of the layer provides properties that are different from the properties of the base metal. Since transformations in alloys due to the ultrafast heating by highly concentrated energy flows are not sufficiently explored, the surface layer structural state and its properties are of a great practical and scientific interest. The article presents study results of the St3ps steel after surface hardening with plasma arc. To study the structure of steel, the author used the microanalysis, the magnetostructural Barkhausen Noise Method; residual stresses have been determined by the x-ray diffraction. The study revealed correlation between the processing mode, steel microstructure, residual stress values and the Barkhausen noise amplitude.

FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF HYBRID SURFACE MODIFIED SCM435H STEEL

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (25n27) ◽  
pp. 3646-3651
Author(s):  
SHOICHI KIKUCHI ◽  
KENGO FUKAZAWA ◽  
JUN KOMOTORI ◽  
MASAO SHIMIZU
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Compressive Residual Stress ◽  
Induction Hardening ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Residual Stress Field ◽  
Modification Process ◽  
Surface Modified

In order to clarify the effects of nitriding and hybrid surface modification process combining nitriding and induction hardening on fatigue properties of SCM435H steel, high cycle fatigue tests were carried out with a rotational bending machine at room temperature. Observations of fracture surfaces and measurement of hardness and residual stress distributions were carried out to investigate the fracture mechanism. It was revealed that hybrid surface modification process generated a compressive residual stress field and hardened even at center of the specimen. Fatigue strength of hybrid surface modified specimens was much higher than that of substrate and nitrided specimens. This was because a transition of fracture mode from internal to surface fracture; fatigue fracture of nitrided specimens occurred at inside of the hardened layer, in the case of hybrid surface modified specimens, however, fatigue crack initiated at the surface of the specimen with higher hardness and higher compressive residual stress.

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