scholarly journals Deteksi Antibodi terhadap Virus Newcastle Disease pada Burung Trucukan (Pycnonotus goiavier)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-178
Author(s):  
Erina Erina ◽  
Hanni Aninaidu ◽  
Zuhrawaty Zuhrawaty ◽  
Etriwati Etriwati ◽  
Abdullah Hamzah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition

Burung trucukan (Pycnonotus goiavier) merupakan salah satu burung liar yang sering dipelihara karena kicauannyayang merdu. Infeksi ND dapat berupa infeksi yang akut atau kronis yang menyerang burung trucukan dan jenis burunglainnya. Burung liar merupakan salah satu sumber virus ND yang dapat menyebarkan virus ke unggas peliharaan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui titer antibodi terhadap penyakit tetelo pada burung trucukan liar. Sampel yangdigunakan adalah serum darah dari 50 ekor burung trucukan liar. Parameter yang diamati adalah titer antibodi dalamserum berdasarkan metode Hirst menggunakan uji Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) untuk melihat titer antibodi. Untukmenghitung titer virus maka uji Haemaglutination (HA) dilakukan sebelumnya. Untuk memastikan titer antigen yangdigunakan adalah 4HAU dilkukan juga back titrasi sehingga didapatkan nilai virus optimal yang akan dipakai pada uji HI.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 45 dari 50 sampel (90%) mempunyai antibodi positif terhadap ND, dengan titer berkisar 21-29. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa 90% burung trucukan di Kabupaten Aceh Besar sudahpernah terpapar ND, tetapi hanya 80% yang memiliki titer antibodi yang dapat melingdungi terhadap serangan virus ND.Oleh sebab itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa burung trucukan liar dengan titer antibodi yang protektif berarti sudah pernahterpapar virus ND sebelumnya akan berpotensi sebagai pembawa virus yang dapat ditularkan ke unggas peliharaanmasyarakat di sekitarnya.

Vaccination of broilers against Newcastle disease in the presence of maternally derived antibodies

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (03) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Máté Halas ◽  
Tamás Süli ◽  
Anto Vrdoljak
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Protection Rate ◽  
Virulent Virus ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Test Points

Summary Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a live attenuated vaccine against Newcastle disease in broilers with different levels of maternally derived antibodies (MDA). While vaccination remains the single most important means for controlling Newcastle disease, presence of MDA may interfere with the vaccination of young birds and decrease the efficacy of the vaccine. Materials and methods: Day-old chicks with variable levels of MDA (negative, low and high) were vaccinated with a live attenuated vaccine against Newcastle disease. Three most commonly used inoculation routes were compared; oculonasal, spray and oral (drinking water). Onset and duration of immunity were measured by serology and challenge with virulent virus. Results: Immune response in vaccinated MDA-positive birds was delayed in comparison with SPF controls. Protection was well established already at 14 days post vaccination in SPF birds while in MDA-positive birds it was 1–2 weeks delayed and was lower throughout the study. Non-vaccinated MDA-positive birds lost passive protection completely at 3–4 weeks of age and were significantly more susceptible to challenge than vaccinated hatch mates at all test points. The protection rate increased in vaccinated birds towards the end of the experiment and reached 70–100 % at the last test points (35–42 days of age). Correlation of haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titre vs. protection rate revealed the importance of cellular and local immunity as most of the vaccinated birds with low HI titre were protected, contrary to their unvaccinated hatch mates with the same HI titre. Oculonasal route seems to provide slightly better protection than the other two routes. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Although immune protection in vaccinated MDA-positive birds may be decreased or delayed, vaccination still provides high protection against ND challenge in comparison with the unvaccinated hatch mates. The degree of interference seems to be proportional to the level of MDA. Vaccination schedules therefore need to be designed according to the immune status of the flock.

Concanavalin A- Sandwich-ELISA for the detection of antibodies against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in chicken

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.R. Kannaki ◽  
E. Priyanka ◽  
Santosh Haunshi
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Concanavalin A ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Con A ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serum Dilution

Concanavalin A (Con A), a lectin interacts with carbohydrate moieties of viruses and provide stable and sensitive detection when used as a capture agent. Indirect ELISA methods need purified Newcastle disease virus (NDV) or recombinant antigens for adsorption, whereas use of Con A as capture agent will enable the use of non-purified and non-concentrated virus as antigen replacing costly and time-consuming virus purification step. Con A based sandwich ELISA with non-purified NDV whole virus antigen with single serum dilution format has been developed in this study. The optimum concentrations of the capture agent, Con A and non-purified antigen preparations were determined by checker-board titration. Briefly, microplates were coated with predetermined optimum concentration of ConA (0.5 mg/ml; 50µg per well) and incubated for 18h at 4°C. After washing, allantoic fluid with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) LaSota (HA titre, 210) at a constant predetermined dilution (1:1; 50µl) was coated and incubated for 45 min at 37°C, followed by blocking with 2 % bovine serum albumin for 45 min at 37°C. The antigen coated plates were used in the detection of antibody titre against NDV in serum samples at single serum dilution of 1: 500. Then, wells were added with goat anti-chicken IgG horseradish peroxidase conjugate and incubated for 1h at 37°C, followed by addition of TMB substrate and the plates were read spectrophotometrically at 450 nm. ELISA antibody titres were determined by standard serial dilution of positive sera and endpoints were calculated by a subtraction method. By using positive negative threshold curve (PNT), intercept and slope of the standard curve were calculated. Total of 271 random chicken serum samples were analyzed for antibodies against NDV by Haemagglutination inhibition assay (HI), indirect ELISA and compared with the Con A- S- ELISA developed in this study. The Con A-S-ELISA showed a high coefficient of correlation (r=0.85, n=271, P less than 0.01) and an agreement of ê=0.99 with the commercially available Indirect-ELISA. The relative sensitivity and specificity were 98% and 85% respectively in comparison to HI test. Hence, the Con A-S-ELISA is a simple, easy and effective for monitoring serum antibody levels against NDV.

scholarly journals The influenze virus flocculation reaction as a method of antigenic typing

1957 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Belyavin
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Antigenic Analysis ◽  
Specific Antisera ◽  
New Phenomena ◽  
Virus Strains

The influenza virus serum flocculation previously reported (Belyavin, 1955) opened up a number of lines of investigation. One of obvious importance was extension of the reaction to other viruses belonging to both related and unrelated groups. Indeed, other workers in this laboratory have already achieved the flocculation of poliomyelitis viruses by specific antisera (Smith, Sheffield, Lee & Churcher, 1956) and flocculation of both mumps and Newcastle disease viruses is now reported in this communication. The ease with which the viruses of the mumps-influenza group can be flocculated by homologous rabbit antisera suggested that the technique may be applicable as a method of antigenic analysis. If so, it would have the advantage of being much simpler than the standard haemagglutination inhibition and complement-fixation tests. The exploration of this possibility forms the basis of this paper. A large-scale antigenic survey involving numerous virus strains has not been attempted, greater emphasis being placed on the examination of techniques and their applicability to the end in view. The investigation has also revealed new phenomena peculiar to the direct virus flocculation reaction.

scholarly journals Pathological and Immunological Study of an in ovo Complex Vaccine against Infectious Bursal Disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Kelemen ◽  
Katalin Forgách ◽  
Judit Iván ◽  
V. Palya ◽  
T. Süveges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Infectious Bursal Disease ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Immunological Study ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Bursal Disease

The appearance of very virulent strains of infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus at the end of the 1980s made it necessary to develop more effective immunization procedures. To facilitate this, the immunogenicity and the immunosuppressive effect of a mild (G-87), an intermediate (LIBD) and an intermediate-plus (IBDV 2512) IBDV strain were tested after the in ovo inoculation of 18-day-old SPF and broiler chicken embryos. It was established that no noteworthy difference existed between the immunized and the control embryos in hatching rate and hatching weight. The higher the virulence of the vaccine virus strain, the more severe damage it caused to the lymphocytes of the bursa of Fabricius. In SPF chickens, the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titres induced by a Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine administered at day old decreased in inverse ratio to the virulence of the IBD vaccine strain, while in broiler chickens this was not observed. Despite the decrease of the HI titre, the level of protection did not decline, or did so only after the use of the ‘hot’ strain. SPF chickens immunized in ovo with a complex vaccine prepared from strain IBDV 2512 and IBD antibody showed the same protection against Newcastle disease as the broilers. In broiler chicken embryos immunized in ovo, only strain IBDV 2512 induced antibody production, and such chickens were protected against IBD at 3 weeks of age. The complex vaccine administered in ovo has been used successfully at farm hatcheries as well.

scholarly journals Influence of Maternal Antibody on the Efficacy of Newcastle Disease Vaccination in Broilers

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
Pubaleem Deka ◽  
Sangeeta Das ◽  
Pankaj Deka
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Maternal Antibody ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Economic Implication ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Unvaccinated Control

The half-life of maternal antibody (mAb) titres against Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) were estimated in order to trace its likely declining pattern and the influence on the efficacy of vaccination in broiler chicks. Our study was also conducted to compare two vaccination regimens with live and inactivated NDV vaccine. For this purpose, ninety day-old broiler chicks with known NDV vaccination history of parent stock were randomly allocated into three groups (I) unvaccinated control, (II) Live NDV vaccine, and (III) Live + Inactivated NDV vaccine. Haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibodies were determined in the pre- and post-vaccination sera of the experimental chicks. The results indicated that the unvaccinated group showed higher level of mAb against NDV at day 1 with HI antibody titre (Log2) 9.32 which was maintained up to 7 days of age (8.11) and gradually declined with no measurable antibodies of maternal origin after day 14, signifying the initiation of Newcastle Disease (ND) vaccination at 7 days of age. The vaccinated Group II and III revealed significantly higher HI titre at day 14 (11.52, 12.42), day 21 (12.95, 13.22), day 28 (11.63, 12.18) and day 35 (13.31, 13.39) than the unvaccinated control group I. Moreover, there is no significant difference in humoral immune response among both the vaccinated groups. Thus, our study suggests the use of live NDV vaccines for ND prevention in commercial broiler farming over the inactivated NDV vaccines which demands a withdrawal period before slaughter and its economic implication due to additional cost. This study also indicated that the half-life values of mAb and its effect should be considered while customizing an effective vaccine regimen.

scholarly journals Isolation and pathotyping of Newcastle disease virus isolated from birds in Kerala

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayakumar K ◽  
Vijayakumar K ◽  
Vijayakumar K ◽  
Vijayakumar K ◽  
Vijayakumar K
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Death Time

Newcastle disease (ND) is a pandemic viral disease of poultry. It is highly contagious and causes high morbidity and mortality in affected flocks. The disease is caused by Avian orthoavulavirus 1, commonly known as Newcastle disease virus (NDV) belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae. The virus affects almost 241 species of birds. Based on the pathogenicity, the virus is classified into five pathotypes viz., viscerotropic velogenic, neurotropic velogenic, mesogenic, lentogenic and asymptomatic enteric NDV. The severity of the disease varies with the viral pathotype. Isolation and identification along with pathotyping of the virus provides a basis for understanding the type of virus circulating in the region. In the present study, tissue samples from dead/ ailing birds showing lesions/clinical signs suggestive of ND were collected. They were subjected to virus isolation in embryonated chicken eggs and identified by haemagglutination test and confirmed by haemagglutination inhibition test. Eight NDV isolates were obtained out of 55 tissue samples and were classified into pathotypes by intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) and mean death time (MDT). The ICPI values varied from 0.75 to 1.53 and MDT from 54 h. to 79.2 h. Out of eight isolates, three belonged to velogenic group and five were of mesogenic pathotype. The study revealed the circulation of virulent NDV in Kerala. The pathogenicity tests provide a basis for understanding the epidemiology of ND.

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