scholarly journals Influence of Maternal Antibody on the Efficacy of Newcastle Disease Vaccination in Broilers

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
Pubaleem Deka ◽  
Sangeeta Das ◽  
Pankaj Deka
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Maternal Antibody ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Economic Implication ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Unvaccinated Control

The half-life of maternal antibody (mAb) titres against Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) were estimated in order to trace its likely declining pattern and the influence on the efficacy of vaccination in broiler chicks. Our study was also conducted to compare two vaccination regimens with live and inactivated NDV vaccine. For this purpose, ninety day-old broiler chicks with known NDV vaccination history of parent stock were randomly allocated into three groups (I) unvaccinated control, (II) Live NDV vaccine, and (III) Live + Inactivated NDV vaccine. Haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibodies were determined in the pre- and post-vaccination sera of the experimental chicks. The results indicated that the unvaccinated group showed higher level of mAb against NDV at day 1 with HI antibody titre (Log2) 9.32 which was maintained up to 7 days of age (8.11) and gradually declined with no measurable antibodies of maternal origin after day 14, signifying the initiation of Newcastle Disease (ND) vaccination at 7 days of age. The vaccinated Group II and III revealed significantly higher HI titre at day 14 (11.52, 12.42), day 21 (12.95, 13.22), day 28 (11.63, 12.18) and day 35 (13.31, 13.39) than the unvaccinated control group I. Moreover, there is no significant difference in humoral immune response among both the vaccinated groups. Thus, our study suggests the use of live NDV vaccines for ND prevention in commercial broiler farming over the inactivated NDV vaccines which demands a withdrawal period before slaughter and its economic implication due to additional cost. This study also indicated that the half-life values of mAb and its effect should be considered while customizing an effective vaccine regimen.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Haemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Production Against Three Lentogenic Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccines in Broiler Chicks

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
N C Shil ◽  
M S Mahmud ◽  
M M Amin ◽  
M Anwar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Inhibition Antibody ◽  
Unvaccinated Control

The comparative analysis of haemagglutination Inhibitation (HI)-antibody production against three lentogenic  Newcastle disease virus vaccines BCRDV (F-strain), Izovac B1 Hitchner ® (B1 strain) and Cevac New L® (LaSota strain) was analyzed in broiler chicks. For this, three groups A, B and C, each consisted of 30 birds  were vaccinated with single dosage at day 9 and the other group of 10 birds was maintained as unvaccinated  control. Sera samples obtained randomly from 10 birds of each group on the day 17, 20, 28 and 32 and the HI  titers estimated. Maternally derived antibody persisted to a maximum level of 17 day and than declined to  minimum or none. The results revealed that vaccination of young birds with locally produced BCRDV by the  Department of Livestock Service elevated HI antibody at comparable level with that of commercially available  vaccine Izovac B1 Hitchner and Cevac New L®. The ‘F’ value preformed with mean±SD of 17, 20, 28 and 32  days appeared non significant among the HI titers of the birds vaccinated with BCRDV, Izovac B1 Hitchner® (B1 strain) and Cevac New L®. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v28i1.11808 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 28, Number 1, June 2011, pp 41-43

scholarly journals Comparative efficacy of avinew (VG/GA strain) and BCRDV (F strain) vaccines against Newcastle disease in broiler chickens

1970 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
MS Mahmud ◽  
MT Hossain ◽  
P Monoura ◽  
MM Amin
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Maternal Antibody ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Unvaccinated Control ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Sera Samples

A study was conducted for the detection of persistence of maternal antibody as well as the comparative efficacy of Avinew (VG/GA Strain) and BCRDV (F Strain) vaccines against Newcastle disease during the period from January to April 2006 using 100 day-old broiler chicks divided into three groups namely A, B and C. Birds of groups A and B consisting each of 40 were primarily vaccinated intraocularly (IO) with Avinew and BCRDV respectively at the age of day three (3) and secondarily with the same vaccines, as the cases were, on day 20. Sera samples were obtained from 10 randomly selected birds on each occasion of day 1, 10, 17, 27, 30, 34 and 44 of age of birds. Birds of group C were maintained as unvaccinated control for the determination of existence of maternal antibody parallel to the day of vaccination and challenge. It was observed that following primary vaccination in case of group A, the HI titres with a mean ± SD on day 10 and 17 were 121.6 ± 19.2 and 60.8 ± 9.60 respectively as against at mean titres ± SD of 57.6 ± 12.8 and 30.4 ± 4.80 in case group B respectively. On the other hand, subsequent to secondary vaccination, sera samples obtained from group A on day 27 had a mean ± SD of HI titres 128 ± 0 and in case of group B, the performance of Avinew in respect of such titre was 57.6 ± 12.8 on day 27. Thus it was indicated that performance of Aninew in respect of elucidation of HI antibody was comparatively better than that of BCRDV. In case of unvaccinated control birds of group C, the mean of existence of maternal antibody with ± SD were 512 ± 0, 54.4 ± 14.66, 24 ± 8, 12.8 ± 8.54, ≤ 4, ≤ 4 and ≤ 4 at the age of day 1, 10, 17, 27, 30, 34 and 44 respectively. One half of vaccinated birds of groups A and B were subjected to challenge test with a virulent isolate of NDV on each of two occasion of day 30 and 44 of age of birds where it was observed that 100% of both the groups of A and B were refractory to each test whereas 95% and 85% of the remaining half of birds of groups A and B resisted the challenge exposure. It was found that maternal antibody against NDV in chicks persisted to a minimal until the age of day 27 and none at day 30 or 34. The analysis of HI titres by Student's t-test revealed that Avinew vaccinated group maintained significantly higher HI titres following primary and secondary vaccination as well as during first challenge than that of BCRDV vaccinated group. Key words: Avinew, BCRDV, efficacy, vaccine, broiler chicks   DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v5i1.1304 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2007). 5 (1 & 2): 19-23

scholarly journals Immunosuppressive Properties of Infectious Bronchitis Vaccine4/91 strain against different programs and method of vaccination against Newcastle disease in Broilers

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
A.H. Zahid
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Spray Method ◽  
Significant Difference

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) primarily induces a respiratory disease in broilerscausing important economic losses in poultry industry. The aim of this study was to investigatethe immunosuppressive properties of live IB vaccine on the different programs and method ofvaccination against Newcastle disease (ND) in broilers. A total of 125 one-day-old broilerchicks were assigned into five equal groups. At day one G1 and G2groupswere vaccinated witha live (ND, IB)vaccine by dipping the head in the vaccine and intra-cloacae methodrespectively. Afterward, G3and G4 groups were vaccinated with a live ND vaccine alone by thesame method of G1 and G2. At the same time all these4 groups were vaccinated bysubcutaneous injection (S/C) with inactivated oil based vaccine ND. The G5 group was leftwithout vaccination as a control group. After that, all treated groups were vaccinated with a liveND by spray method at day 10 of the age. The immunosuppressive effects of this IB virus wasevaluated by Haemagglutination inhibition test (HI), and challenged by virulent ND virus.Bursa and Spleen indices were estimated in all groups. The results showed that the antibodytiters against ND was higher (P<0.05) in G3and G4 in compared with G1, G2 and controlgroups at 20 and 30 days of age. However, there was no significant difference of bursa indexand spleen index in all groups. Challenge test showed no mortality in the 3rd group while 10%in the 4th group, 85% in the 1st group and 90% in the 2nd group. In conclusion, it’s revealed thatthe best method and program of vaccination which can protect against ND was applied in the3rd group.

scholarly journals The Effect of Zingiber officinale on the Spleen Tissue and Antibody Titer of Broiler Chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 046-050
Author(s):  
Alireza Taghdisi ◽  
Sajjad Hejazi
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Serum Factors ◽  
Spleen Tissue ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction Increasing the immune system's function of fighting infectious diseases is very important in the poultry industry. Ginger, scientifically known as Zingiber officinale, belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. The use of ginger in the diet of poultry increases serum levels of superoxide dismutase enzymes and glutathione peroxidase, which are considered to be important antioxidant enzymes. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of ginger on the spleen tissue of broiler chickens. Material and Methods The specimens comprised 2 groups of 20 Ross breed broiler chicks, for 42 days and were then, examined and tested. The diet was supplemented with 1 g/kg of ginger powder from the beginning of the rearing period. Blood samples of the chicks were randomly collected to measure the levels of hemagglutination (HI). The removed spleens were fixed with 10% formalin buffer. The specimens were cut in 5-micron diameters and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results and Conclusion There was a statistically significant difference in the mean of HI blood titers between the chicks in the growth period and final period groups (p < 0.05). The white-pulp tissue samples were more clearly seen in the treatment group than in the control group, and also, it was observed that the wall of the central artery of the white pulp was thicker in the ginger-treated group as compared with the control group. The nutritional value of ginger may vary. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the effect of this plant final on weight gain; the serum factors associated with the metabolic chart, and the response of the immune system to this plant.

scholarly journals Regenerative Therapy Modality for Treatment of True Combined Endodontic-Periodontal Lesions: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6220
Author(s):  
Reham AlJasser ◽  
Sundus Bukhary ◽  
Mohammed AlSarhan ◽  
Dalal Alotaibi ◽  
Saleh AlOraini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Grafting ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Bony Defect ◽  
Keratinized Tissue ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Grafting Procedure

The aim of this in-vivo study was to evaluate/compare the clinical periodontal parameters in patients with true combined endo-perio lesions (EPL), treated with gutta-percha (GP) and mineral trioxide (MTA) as an obturation material alone and with addition of bone grafting in such lesions. 120 Saudi patients (mean age = 41yrs) diagnosed with true combined EPL participated in this study. Group I (control group, n = 30) was treated with conventional endodontic treatment using GP for obturation. Group II (n = 30) was treated with conventional endodontic treatment using MTA for obturation. Group III (n = 30) was treated with conventional endodontic treatment using GP for obturation + grafting procedure to fill the bony defect. Group IV (n = 30) was treated with conventional endodontic treatment using MTA for obturation + grafting procedure to fill the bony defect. Clinical parameters (Pocket depth (PD); Clinical attachment loss (CAL); keratinized tissue width (KTW); gingival phenotype (G.Ph.) and Cone Beam Computed Tomography Periapical Index (CBCTPAI)) were recorded and compared at baseline, 3, 6, 12 months’ interval. For the groups III and IV, CBCTPAI showed significant difference (p < 0.0001) with the other groups at 6 months and 1-year interval. The group with MTA + bone graft showed 76% and 90% patients with 0 score at 6 months and 1-year follow-up, respectively. Comparison of mean values of PD among study groups at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year showed significant difference at 3 months, whereas the mean PD values of subjects in GP + bone graft showed significantly higher PD values than other 3 groups (p = 0.025). Use of GP and MTA for root canal obturation along with periodontal therapy and bone augmentation helps in resolving complex endo-perio lesions. Bone grafting in addition to obturation with MTA was found to be the best treatment strategy in management of EPL cases and is recommended for clinicians who are treating EPL patients.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth Restored with Resin Fiber Post and Stainless Steel Post: An In Vitro Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 080-084
Author(s):  
Vijay Singh ◽  
Poonam Bogra ◽  
Saurabh Gupta ◽  
Navneet Kukreja ◽  
Neha Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fiber Post ◽  
Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractFracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with post. Aims: This study aims to compare the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with resin fiber and stainless steel post. Commercially available prefabricated resin fiber post(Dentsply Maillefer Easy Post), prefabricated stainless steel post(Coltene/Whaledent Parapost) were used. Methods and Material: Forty five maxillary central incisors were obturated and divided into 3 groups: Control Group (Group I) without any post (n = 15), Resin Fiber Post Group (Group II) (n = 15) and Stainless Steel Post Group (Group III) (n = 15). In all Groups except control group, post space was prepared; a post was cemented, and a core build-up was provided. All the specimens were subjected to compressive force under a universal testing machine until fracture. Statistical analysis used: The results were analyzed using the variable analysis test (ANOVA). Results: One-way analysis of variance revealed significant difference among test groups. The control group demonstrated highest fracture resistance (925.2183 N), followed by the resin fiber post group (486.7265 N) and stainless steel post group (423.539N). Conclusions: Teeth restored with resin fiber post showed higher fracture resistance values than prefabricated stainless steel post.

Histological Study On Using Ileal Submucosa In Repairing Urinary Bladder Defect In Adult Albino Rat

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Gomaa El Saeed ◽  
Manal H Moussa ◽  
Gehad A Hammouda ◽  
Sahar M. M Omar
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Graft Area

Abstract Background Repairing urinary bladder (UB) defect by enterocystoplasty remains the gold standard surgical bladder reconstruction procedure to increase the capacity and compliance of dysfunctional bladders. However, many complications were recorded. Aim of the work This work aimed to compare the consequences of reconstruction of urinary bladder defect using untreated small intestinal submucosal (SIS) matrix versus seeded and unseeded decellularized SIS matrix. Material and Methods Fifty female albino rats were used in this study. The animals were divided into three groups: Group I (Control) included ten adult rats from which ileal tissue was obtained. Group II included ten adult rats in which their UB defect was repaired by untreated cellular SIS. Group III included twenty adult rats that were subdivided into two subgroups, 10 rats each; Subgroup IIIA where rats had their UB defect repaired by acellular SIS and subgroup IIIb where rats had their UB defect repaired by acellular SIS seeded with adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs).Ten young rats were used for preparation of AMSCs. Morphometric and statistical analysis were also performed. Results In rats where UB defect was repaired by untreated cellular SIS, the graft area showed loss of epithelial polarity, presence of intraepithelial cysts and occasional extension of urothelium to the outer surface forming fistula. There were areas of metaplasia with the appearance PAS positive cells. In the lamina propria, there was areas of lymphocytic infiltration together with significant increase in the collagen fiber deposition (p &lt; 0.05). There was a significant decrease thickness of muscle layer as compared to control (p &lt; 0.05). In rats where UB defect was repaired by acellular SIS, urothelium in the graft area showed occasional squamous metaplasia and often the urothelium extended to the deeper layers forming Brunn's nest. There was minimal muscle regeneration in the graft area. However, in rats where UB defect was repaired by acellular SIS seeded with AMSCs, the urothelium in the graft area was nearly similar to control group with uniform urothelium thickness, minimal collagen fibers deposition and thick muscle layer that showed no significant difference from the control (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion Acellular SIS seeded with AMSCs showed better results compared to non-seeded and cellular SIS in reconstructing urinary bladder defects.

Impact of supplementing commercial rabbit pellets with fresh Moringa oleifera leaves on semen characteristics in rabbit bucks under tropical climate in Trinidad

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Mohan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Leaves ◽  
The Impact

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the dietary supplement of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) on semen quality and characteristics in rabbits. Methods Eighteen (n=18) breeding bucks of New Zealand white, of similar age group, were used for the study. Three feeding regimes, (i) 100% commercial rabbit pellets (CRP)-Group I (ii) 90% CRP + 10% fresh MOL on a dry matter (DM) basis – Group II and (iii) 80% CRP + 20% fresh MOL on a DM basis – Group III, were adopted and the trial continued for 21 days. After adaptation to the diet, semen was collected from each buck and subjected to evaluation using a computer-assisted semen analyser. Results In Group III, the sperm count, normal sperm morphology, and sperm motility increased (52.0%) in comparison with the control (Group I; 50.1%). The inclusion of 20% Moringa oliefera in the diet (Group III) caused a significant increase (P<0.05) in semen concentration (Control =136.2 M/mL; Group III=297.2 M/mL). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in sperm motility and semen volume among the groups. Conclusion The results suggest that supplementing commercial rabbit pellets with 20% fresh Moringa oliefera leaves on a DM basis can improve the quality and characteristics of semen in breeding bucks.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stability and Physico-chemical Properties of Meat from Broilers Fed with Dietary Neem Leaf Powder, Spirulina and their Combination

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-404
Author(s):  
Ravi KILLI ◽  
Bharavi KAITHEPALLI ◽  
Ravi Kumar PENTELA ◽  
Eswar Rao BANDI ◽  
Vamsi Krishna BOBBA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Chemical Quality ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Group I ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Poultry Diets

This 6 week study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant potential, maintaining quality and sensory properties of broiler meat from birds fed on dietary neem leaf powder (NLP). A total of 90 Vencobb broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 6 groups of 15 birds in each. Dietary treatments consisted of normal diet (control Group I), feed containing terramycin-200 (TM-200*) at the concentration of 0.05% (Group II), feed containing NLP of 0.2% (Group III), feed containing NLP of 0.2% and spirulina of 1% (Group IV), feed containing TM-200 at 0.05% and spirulina of 1% (Group V) and feed containing spirulina of 1% (Group VI). At the end of the experiment liver, kidney and muscle samples were collected to evaluate the tissue peroxidation (TBARS and protein carbonyls) and antioxidant markers (SOD). Physico-chemical quality determinants of both fresh and preserved meat viz. extract release volume (ERV), water holding capacity (WHC) and pH were also studied. TBARS protein carbonyls indicated a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in all the treated groups when compared to control. Superoxide dismutase levels were found to be significantly increased in all the treated groups, in all the tissues collected. Compared to control group, favorable physico-chemical quality determinants were recorded in all the treated groups. The sensory attributes did not show significant (P < 0.05) differences for color, flavor, juiciness, tenderness and overall acceptability. This study indicates enhanced stress tolerance levels, improved meat quality with unaffected consumer acceptance levels of the meat observed in the study, from broilers fed with neem and spirulina either alone or in combinationsș this points out that neem at 0.2% level can be used in poultry diets instead of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP).

scholarly journals Assessment of in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Sarah Alaa Mohsen ◽  
Fatma Ahmed El Deeb ◽  
Ehab Sayed Ramadan ◽  
Mai Abd El-Raouf Eissa
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common and potentially debilitating disorder. Neuropsychological assessment provides unique complementary information that is critical for evaluating higher cortical abilities. This study aimed to assess the neuropsychological functions in OCD patients which can then point to the brain structures or pathways and to study the correlation between these assessments and different clinical variables. Methods: This cross-sectional case control study had included sixty patients who were divided into two groups, Group I: thirty OCD patients diagnosed by DSM-IV and Group II: thirty healthy controls who were recruited from the community, matched with patients’ age, gender, and education. Results: The age of onset in our study was 19.13 ± 0.35 years, the mean duration was 7.44 ± 3.88 years, 40% of the studied cases had severe OCD symptoms and 33.3% of them were compulsive cleaners. There was a high significant difference between the two groups regarding WCST in favor of the control group. There was a high significant difference between the two groups regarding ROCF where the control group showed better results than the OCD patients. Conclusions: Neuropsychological test performance remains an informative and objective means of investigation, especially when applied to psychiatric disorders. The executive functions in OCD patients were impaired in comparison to the normal study subjects.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document