scholarly journals Koksidiosis pada kangguru pohon kelabu (Dendrolagus inustus) di tempat konservasi ex situ

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-64
Author(s):  
Yusuf Ridwan ◽  
Arifin Budiman Nugraha ◽  
Hammada Raudlowi
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Genus Eimeria

Koksidiosis merupakan penyakit yang dapat menyerang berbagai jenis hewan teramasuk kangguru. Informasi koksidiosis pada kangguru dahan kelabu masih sangat sedikit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan observasi kasus koksidiosis pada kanguru pohon kelabu yang meliputi pengamatan gejala klinis, dan mengidentifikasi jenis koksidia. Hasil observasi pada dua ekor kangguru pohon kelabu menunjukkan penurunan aktivitas, lemah, lesu dan nafsu makan menurun. Hasil pemeriksaan feses menunjukkan kedua hewan menderita koksidiosis dengan rata rata jumlah ookista tiap gram feses sebesar 450. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan jenis koksidia yang menginfeksi adalah dari genus Eimeria spp.

scholarly journals The influence of coccidiostatic Baycox on the course of coccidiosis in broiler chicken

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
A. Balicka-Ramisz ◽  
L. Laurans ◽  
M. Batko ◽  
A. Ramisz
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Flotation Method ◽  
Drinking Water Samples ◽  
Very High ◽  
Genus Eimeria

The purpose of the research is to identify species of Eimeria spp. in chicken broilers suspected to be infected with coccidia and to determine the effect of coccidiostatics in the course of coccidiosis.Materials and methods. The study involved 20 six-week-old broiler chickens obtained from a farm heavily affected by coccidia (natural infection – a high oocyst incidence). Each group yielded 10 randomly picked chickens to be used in the experiment. The birds were divided into 2 groups 10 chickens each: control (I); Baycox-treated (II); Baycox was applied for 2 days in a concentration of 25 ppm in drinking water. Samples of broiler chickens’ droppings were tested qualitatively by the flotation method (Willis-Schlaaf) and then quantitatively by the McMaster technique. The chickens were killed 6 days post-treatment and their intestinal mean total lesion scores (MTLS) were graded 0 to 4 on an arbitrary scale described by Johnson and Reid (1970).Results and discussion. As a result of the research, six species of protozoa of the genus Eimeria were identified: E. acervulina, E. tenella, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. mivati, E. necatrix, while E. necatrix and E. maxima were the dominant species. This proves the presence of such species as E. mivati, E. acervulina (76.34%) in the anterior segment of the intestine and E. necatrix, E. maxima (83.34%) – in the middle segment of the small intestine. Infections of E. brunetti broilers amounted to 51.11%. The most pathogenic species of E. tenella residing in the cecum was found in 37.53%. MTLS in the group of chickens that received Baycox was 0.33. The post-treatment oocyst indices in the second group amounted to 1 (1–50 oocysts in 1 g of faeces), in the control group MTLS was very high (2,5), the oocyst index exceeding 3. 

scholarly journals Development of a qPCR to diagnose the genus Eimeria in bovines

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 2695-2702
Author(s):  
Sérgio Tosi Cardim ◽  
◽  
Stefani Lino Cardim ◽  
Mércia de Seixas ◽  
Alessandra Taroda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Sybr Green ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Routine Diagnosis ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Diagnostic Training ◽  
Genus Eimeria

Bovine coccidiosis is caused by protozoa of the genus Eimeria. These protozoa mainly affect young animals, causing a decrease in production and consequent economic losses. The routine diagnosis is made through morphological observation of the oocysts, which has several limitations. The objective of the present study was to develop a qPCR technique for the diagnose of Eimeria spp. in cattle. For this purpose, the 18S rRNA region of the DNA of these parasites was selected, since it is a region with low variability among the species. The qPCR was developed using the SYBR Green, resulting in a PCR with a high sensitivity, able to amplify samples containing only one oocyst of Eimeria spp. of bovines. The feasibility of using qPCR in the diagnosis of the Eimeria Genus is demonstrated in this study, once this technique shows to be less laborious and needs less skills for diagnostic training when compared to the technique conventionally used in theroutine (micromorphometry).

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal parasites in wild and exotic animals from a Zoobotanical Park in Northeast of Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. e486101321255
Author(s):  
Aksa Ingrid Vieira Batista ◽  
Gabriel Vinicius Carvalho de Lucena ◽  
Thiago Ferreira Lopes Nery ◽  
Cintia Cleub Neves Batista ◽  
Jael Soares Batista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Exotic Animals ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Tapirus Terrestris

One of the obstacles for ex situ conservation of wild and exotic animals are the diseases that affect them in captivity and, among them, the endoparasitoses, which are very frequent. The objective of this study is to report the occurrence of endoparasites in the fecal samples of animals from the Arruda Câmara Zoobotanical Park, at João Pessoa, Paraiba State, Brazil, as well as to identify significant statistical differences between the percentages of each parasite species found. To this end, 66 fecal samples were obtained from 50 species of animals including mammals, birds, and reptiles. Statistical differences between the percentages of each parasite species were obtained using the binomial test at 5% significance level. A total of 54.5% (36/66) of the fecal samples were positive (p=0.539), among which 80.5% (29/36) presented nematodes, followed by cestodes 19.4% (07/36), protozoans 13.9% (05/36), and mites 16.7% (06/36). This study reports for the first time the association of Balantidium sp. with Tapirus terrestris, Bertiella sp. with Alouatta caraya, Hymenolepis spp., and Aspiculuris spp. as spurious parasites in reptiles; and Entamoeba coli and Eimeria spp. with Iguana iguana in the northeastern part of the country. This study provides knowledge about some of the endoparasites that may occur in zoos in the northeastern region of the country, as well as in expanding the ecological data on wild and exotic animals.

scholarly journals Efficiency of sanitary management of litter in Eimeria spp. control in poultry housing of Western Paraná, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
André Luis Vriesman Beninca ◽  
Ana Paula Molinari Candeias ◽  
Sérgio Rodrigo Fernandes ◽  
Nelson Luis Mello Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Genus Eimeria

Abstract The objective of this research was to evaluate the control of coccidiosis in the litter of commercial poultry housing in the Western region of Paraná, Brazil, which adopts sanitary management to control Salmonellosis. Three litter treatments were selected, proposed by an integrating company in the region: fermentation associated with liming (FL); liming (L) and fermentation (F). Stool samples were collected from 18 poultry housing, in a completely randomized experimental design, testing different collection areas in the sheds, from the 5th day of the birds' housing, repeated weekly until the 40th day, during five successive flocks. The incidence of coccidiosis was determined by oocysts count in feces (OoPG), testing the interactions between treatment, age of birds and the number of flocks housed. Samples were selected to identify, through the Multiplex PCR, species of the genus Eimeria. circulating in the shed. The results showed that in litter where fermentation was adopted, the efficiency to control the sporulation of Eimeria spp. was significantly (p <0.05) higher than in the other treatments. The use of the Multiplex PCR technique requires improvements in the preparation of samples for the extraction of genetic material.

scholarly journals Immunological control of coccidiosis in poultry

SURG Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Kayla Rebecca Price ◽  
John R. Barta
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Poultry Houses ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Genus Eimeria

Coccidiosis – caused by parasites of the genus Eimeria – is an infection known to damage poultry. Eimeria spp. follow a typical coccidian lifestyle consisting of an endogenous asexual and sexual phase and an exogenous infectious phase. Eimeria spp. infections are self-limiting because the number of asexual, pathogenic, cycles is genetically pre-determined. However, the infection may be chronic because of oocyst cycling in feces. Coccidiosis is a burden on the poultry industry and many preventive anticoccidial drugs have been created; however, a major limit is emerging drug resistance. Live vaccination is another method of coccidiosis prevention where protective immunity is developed by a dose of non-attenuated Eimeria spp. that is then cycled in the feces to produce protective immunity. The cycling of the controlled infection with live vaccination of replacement laying hens is influenced by commercial caging techniques. This review provides an overview of coccidiosis caused by Eimeria species infecting domestic fowl and the nature of coccidial infections in commercial poultry houses.

An in situ and ex situ TEM study of the formation of thin cobalt silicide films by molecular beam epitaxy on the silicon (100) surface

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 884-885
Author(s):  
D. Loretto ◽  
J. M. Gibson ◽  
S. M. Yalisove ◽  
R. T. Tung
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Beam Epitaxy ◽  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Defect Density ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Metal Base ◽  
In Situ Experiments ◽  
Potential Applications

The cobalt disilicide/silicon system has potential applications as a metal-base and as a permeable-base transistor. Although thin, low defect density, films of CoSi2 on Si(111) have been successfully grown, there are reasons to believe that Si(100)/CoSi2 may be better suited to the transmission of electrons at the silicon/silicide interface than Si(111)/CoSi2. A TEM study of the formation of CoSi2 on Si(100) is therefore being conducted. We have previously reported TEM observations on Si(111)/CoSi2 grown both in situ, in an ultra high vacuum (UHV) TEM and ex situ, in a conventional Molecular Beam Epitaxy system.The procedures used for the MBE growth have been described elsewhere. In situ experiments were performed in a JEOL 200CX electron microscope, extensively modified to give a vacuum of better than 10-9 T in the specimen region and the capacity to do in situ sample heating and deposition. Cobalt was deposited onto clean Si(100) samples by thermal evaporation from cobalt-coated Ta filaments.

The use of transmission and analytical electron microscopy in studying reactions and phase transformations in thin film

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 842-843
Author(s):  
K. Barmak
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Multilayer Thin Films ◽  
Absolute Concentration ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Deposition Step

Generally, processing of thin films involves several annealing steps in addition to the deposition step. During the annealing steps, diffusion, transformations and reactions take place. In this paper, examples of the use of TEM and AEM for ex situ and in situ studies of reactions and phase transformations in thin films will be presented.The ex situ studies were carried out on Nb/Al multilayer thin films annealed to different stages of reaction. Figure 1 shows a multilayer with dNb = 383 and dAl = 117 nm annealed at 750°C for 4 hours. As can be seen in the micrograph, there are four phases, Nb/Nb3-xAl/Nb2-xAl/NbAl3, present in the film at this stage of the reaction. The composition of each of the four regions marked 1-4 was obtained by EDX analysis. The absolute concentration in each region could not be determined due to the lack of thickness and geometry parameters that were required to make the necessary absorption and fluorescence corrections.

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Epitaxial silicides grown by ultra high vacuum deposition

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 462-463
Author(s):  
D. Loretto ◽  
J. M. Gibson ◽  
S. M. Yalisove
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Electron ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Transmission Electron

The silicides CoSi2 and NiSi2 are both metallic with the fee flourite structure and lattice constants which are close to silicon (1.2% and 0.6% smaller at room temperature respectively) Consequently epitaxial cobalt and nickel disilicide can be grown on silicon. If these layers are formed by ultra high vacuum (UHV) deposition (also known as molecular beam epitaxy or MBE) their thickness can be controlled to within a few monolayers. Such ultrathin metal/silicon systems have many potential applications: for example electronic devices based on ballistic transport. They also provide a model system to study the properties of heterointerfaces. In this work we will discuss results obtained using in situ and ex situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM).In situ TEM is suited to the study of MBE growth for several reasons. It offers high spatial resolution and the ability to penetrate many monolayers of material. This is in contrast to the techniques which are usually employed for in situ measurements in MBE, for example low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), which are both sensitive to only a few monolayers at the surface.

Interfacial properties of GaSb/InAs superlattices

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 826-827
Author(s):  
M. E. Twigg ◽  
B. R. Bennett ◽  
J. R. Waterman ◽  
J. L. Davis ◽  
B. V. Shanabrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gaas Substrate ◽  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Infrared Detector ◽  
Interfacial Properties ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Short Period ◽  
High Optical Absorption

Recently, the GaSb/InAs superlattice system has received renewed attention. The interest stems from a model demonstrating that short period Ga1-xInxSb/InAs superlattices will have both a band gap less than 100 meV and high optical absorption coefficients, principal requirements for infrared detector applications. Because this superlattice system contains two species of cations and anions, it is possible to prepare either InSb-like or GaAs-like interfaces. As such, the system presents a unique opportunity to examine interfacial properties.We used molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) to prepare an extensive set of GaSb/InAs superlattices grown on an GaSb buffer, which, in turn had been grown on a (100) GaAs substrate. Through appropriate shutter sequences, the interfaces were directed to assume either an InSb-like or GaAs-like character. These superlattices were then studied with a variety of ex-situ probes such as x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. These probes confirmed that, indeed, predominantly InSb-like and GaAs-like interfaces had been achieved.

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