IMPLANTATION OF LHRH-a HORMONE TO STIMULATION OF GONAD DEVELOPMENT OF HUMPBACK GROUPER SECOND GENERATION ( F-2 )

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tridjoko Tridjoko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Oocyte Diameter ◽  
2Nd Generation ◽  
Length Range ◽  
Concrete Tank ◽  
Implant Treatment ◽  
Stimulation Of

This study aimed to determine the effect of LHRH-a hormone implantation on gonadal development of humpback grouper, Cromileptes altivelis 2nd generation (F-2). Individuals used were 20 female grouper fish with weight range of 600-800 gram/fish and total length range of 28.0-30.0 cm. The treatment used 5 fish each with tagging. Grouper fishes were stocked into the 75 m3 circular concrete tank. Hormone of LHRH-a with dosage of 50 μg/kg body weight was used as implant treatment of (A) 1 time,, (B) 2 times, (C) 3 times, and (D) without implant. The results showed that implantation of LHRH-a hormone were significantly stimulate gonad development of humpback grouper second generation (F-2). Treatment of 3 times implant every month showed the best results produced  oocyte diameter up to 480 μm, while the control of oocyte diameter only reached <400 μm. Keywords: LHRH-a hormone, implantation, Humpback grouper, gonad development

scholarly journals IMPLANTATION OF LHRH-a HORMONE TO STIMULATION OF GONAD DEVELOPMENT OF HUMPBACK GROUPER SECOND GENERATION ( F-2 )

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tridjoko Tridjoko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Oocyte Diameter ◽  
Weight Range ◽  
Length Range ◽  
Concrete Tank ◽  
Implant Treatment ◽  
Stimulation Of

<p>This study aimed to determine the effect of LHRH-a hormone implantation on gonadal development of humpback grouper, Cromileptes altivelis 2<sup>nd</sup> generation (F-2). Individuals used were 20 female grouper fish with weight range of 600-800 gram/fish and total length range of 28.0-30.0 cm. The treatment used 5 fish each with tagging. Grouper fishes were stocked into the 75 m3 circular concrete tank. Hormone of LHRH-a with dosage of 50 μg/kg body weight was used as implant treatment of (A) 1 time,, (B) 2 times, (C) 3 times, and (D) without implant. The results showed that implantation of LHRH-a hormone were significantly stimulate gonad development of humpback grouper second generation (F-2). Treatment of 3 times implant every month showed the best results produced  oocyte diameter up to 480 μm, while the control of oocyte diameter only reached &lt;400 μm.</p> <p>Keywords: LHRH-a hormone, implantation, Humpback grouper, gonad development</p>

scholarly journals INDUKSI PEMATANGAN GONAD IKAN GURAMI COKELAT (Sphaerichthys osphromenoides Canestrini, 1860) MENGGUNAKAN PREGNANT MARE SERUM GONADOTROPIN DAN ANTIDOPAMIN

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Bastiar Nur ◽  
Sawung Cindelaras ◽  
Nina Meilisza
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
Gonad Somatic Index ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin

Ikan gurami cokelat (Sphaerichthys osphromenoides Canestrini, 1860) merupakan salah satu spesies ikan hias endemik perairan gambut dan memiliki potensi untuk dibudidayakan. Pada kondisi budidaya, berbagai faktor lingkungan yang berperan penting dalam menstimulasi perkembangan dan pematangan gonad hingga ovulasi dan pemijahan tidak mendukung aktivitas reproduksi beberapa spesies ikan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan dosis hormon yang efektif dapat merangsang pematangan gonad ikan gurami cokelat. Hormon yang digunakan adalah “Oodev®” (tersusun atas Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin/PMSG) dan antidopamin) yang diberikan menggunakan metode “topical gill”. Ada tiga dosis Oodev® yang digunakan, yaitu: 0,02 mL; 0,04 mL; dan 0,06 mL; serta kontrol menggunakan NaCl 0,9% sebanyak 0,05 mL/g bobot badan ikan uji. Setiap perlakuan menggunakan 30 ekor induk betina ikan gurami cokelat (panjang total: 4,1 ± 0,3 cm; bobot: 1,41 ± 0,17 g). Pemberian hormon dilakukan setiap minggu hingga minggu ke-7. Pada minggu ke-8 dilakukan pembedahan untuk pengambilan gonad. Parameter yang diamati adalah: jumlah induk matang gonad, indeks gonadosomatik (IGS), fekunditas, diameter oosit, kadar estradiol-17â dalam darah, dan tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG) ikan uji pada masing-masing perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan hormon dengan dosis 0,04 mL/g bobot badan menghasilkan perkembangan gonad ikan uji yang lebih baik dengan jumlah induk matang gonad mencapai 23 ekor (76,67%), nilai IGS sebesar 2,33 ± 1,24%; fekunditas sebesar 73,5 ± 26,2 butir; diameter oosit berkisar antara 1,0-1,8 mm; kadar estradiol-17b dalam darah sebesar 15,9 ± 4,5 rg/mL dengan tingkat kematangan gonad mencapai tahap IV.Chocolate gourami (Sphaerichthys osphromenoides Canestrini, 1860) is an endemic ornamental fish species in peatland waters and potentially to be cultivated. In captive condition, some environmental factors that play important role for gonadal development, maturation, ovulation, and spawning are not suitable for supporting reproductive activity in some fish species. This study was conducted to determine the optimum dosages of hormone which is able to stimulate gonadal maturation of chocolate gourami. Oodev® (consisted of Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG) and antidopamin) was given using “topical gill” method. There were three Oodev® dosages used in this research: 0.02 mL; 0.04 mL; and 0.06 mL respectively; and control using 0.05 mL of 0.9% NaCl per gram of body weight. Each treatment was tested on 30 females (the averages of total length and body weight of 4.1 ± 0.3 cm and 1.41 ± 0.17 g, respectively). Hormone was given every week until the seventh week. At the eight weeks, surgery was performed for gonadal measurement. Parameters measured were: number of gonadal mature broodstocks, gonadosomatic index, fecundity, oocyte diameters, plasma estradiol-17â levels, and gonadal mature levels. The results showed that 0.04 mL Oodev® per g body weight of fish was superior in reproductive performance. In that treatment, there were 76.67% (23/30) fish being matured, gonad somatic index 2.33 ± 1.24%, egg fecundity 73.5 ± 26.2 eggs, oocyte diameters ranged 1.0-1.8 mm, blood level of estradiol-17b 15.9 ± 4.5 rg.mL-1, and the level of gonad development reached to stage IV.

scholarly journals Marking of quality modifiers in 2nd-generation IE languages

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-527
Author(s):  
Artemij Keidan
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
2Nd Generation ◽  
Demonstrative Pronoun

AbstractIn PIE, quality modifiers were expressed by stative verbs and nominal epithets, rather than by special adjectival lexemes. Adjectives did not form a separate lexical class. This made the encoding of the NP constituency less explicit. If we consider what I suggest calling “second-generation IE languages” we can observe a general tendency to create new, more explicit morphological means of dependency marking within a NP. The exact outcomes of this diachronic process vary from one language to another. However, if we parametrise the variation, a common pattern becomes clearly observable. In all the languages analysed in the present paper, there is a pronoun undergoing grammaticalisation as a dependency marker. What varies is (1) the position of this element with respect to the nominal base (pre- vs. postposed); (2) the degree of agglutination (bound morpheme vs. clitic vs. free morpheme); and (3) the locus of marking (head vs. modifier vs. double or alternant marking); (4) the source morpheme that undergoes grammaticalisation (relative vs. demonstrative pronoun).

scholarly journals Epigenetic Modifications During Sex Change Repress Gonadotropin Stimulation of Cyp19a1a in a Teleost Ricefield Eel (Monopterus albus)

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (8) ◽  
pp. 2881-2890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Shen Zhang ◽  
Zhixin Liu ◽  
Lihong Zhang ◽  
Weimin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Sex Change ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Histone Deacetylation ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Gonadal Differentiation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract In vertebrates, cytochrome P450 aromatase, encoded by cyp19a1, converts androgens to estrogens and plays important roles in gonadal differentiation and development. The present study examines whether epigenetic mechanisms are involved in cyp19a1a expression and subsequent gonadal development in the hermaphroditic ricefield eel. The expression of the ricefield eel cyp19a1a was stimulated by gonadotropin via the cAMP pathway in the ovary but not the ovotestis or testis. The CpG within the cAMP response element (CRE) of the cyp19a1a promoter was hypermethylated in the ovotestis and testis compared with the ovary. The methylation levels of CpG sites around CRE in the distal region (region II) and around steroidogenic factor 1/adrenal 4 binding protein sites and TATA box in the proximal region (region I) were inversely correlated with cyp19a1a expression during the natural sex change from female to male. In vitro DNA methylation decreased the basal and forskolin-induced activities of cyp19a1a promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that histone 3 (Lys9) in both regions I and II of the cyp19a1a promoter were deacetylated and trimethylated in the testis, and in contrast to the ovary, phosphorylated CRE-binding protein failed to bind to these regions. Lastly, the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine reversed the natural sex change of ricefield eels. These results suggested that epigenetic mechanisms involving DNA methylation and histone deacetylation and methylation may abrogate the stimulation of cyp19a1a by gonadotropins in a male-specific fashion. This may be a mechanism widely used to drive natural sex change in teleosts as well as gonadal differentiation in other vertebrates.

scholarly journals Maternal Caloric Restriction prior to Pregnancy Increases the Body Weight of the Second-Generation Male Offspring and Shortens Their Longevity in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 234 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Araminaite ◽  
Violeta Zalgeviciene ◽  
Renata Simkunaite-Rizgeliene ◽  
Rimantas Stukas ◽  
Arvydas Kaminskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Generation Male

DOSAGE OF DRUGS IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN: III. NEOSTIGMINE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Paul R. Patterson ◽  
Earle L. Lipton ◽  
Klaus R. Unna ◽  
Kurt Glaser
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Controlled Experiments ◽  
Hypodermic Injection ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
In Infants And Children ◽  
Stimulation Of

The susceptibility of healthy children to neostigmine by hypodermic injection was studied in controlled experiments on 45 children ranging in age from 1 month to 12 years. Minimum effective doses (MED) of neostigmine were determined by their effect in stimulating salivary and sweat glands, and in increasing gastrointestinal motility. The MED of neostigmine for stimulation of salivation is in all age groups smaller (by 6 to 38 per cent) than the MED increasing gastrointestinal motility. The average MED either for glandular (.025 to .036 mg./kg.) or gastrointestinal (.036 to .045 mg./kg.) activity fails to show significant differences among the various age groups when expressed in terms of body weight. Exceptions were found exclusively in children weighing more than 30 kg. The findings do not support the view that a physiologic vagotonia is present in infants.

scholarly journals The use of phytobiotics in growth stimulation of weaned pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Stamen Radulovic ◽  
Radmila Markovic ◽  
Dobrila Jakic-Dimic ◽  
Dragan Sefer
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Phytogene feed additives (phytobiotics) are plant origin compounds used in animal nutrition in order to improve their productivity by improving the production performance of animals, feed properties and the quality of food of animal origin. These additives stimulate animal growth by using their natural and physiological potentials and mechanisms providing conditions for the realization of the genetically projected production volumes. Data on the use of phytobiotics as growth stimulators are incomplete and often very contradictory, especially those related to their impact on the health and performance of weaned pigs. Given the relevance and importance of these issues the feeding trial was organized by the group-control system. The experiment lasted for 40 days and it was divided into two phases of 20 days each. Trial was conducted on 24 piglets, F1 generation of Swedish Landrace and Pietrain, weaned from sows at the age of 35 days. Tests were carried out on piglets, with an average body weight of 8.61?1.59 kg, which were subjected to one of the two feeding treatments immediately after weaning. The control group was fed with a mixture without growth promoters, while the experimental group received a diet containing preparation of phytobiotic (Enviva EO 101, Danisco Animal Nutrition) in the amount recommended by the manufacturer (0.1 kg/t). The mixtures for piglets nutrition were formulated in accordance with the recommendations of the NRC (1998), and AEC (1993) and they met the nutritional requirements completely. During the experiment, there was no disturbance of health and/or the manifestation of clinical signs of disease. The control group, fed with the diet without added growth stimulators, achieved body weight (25.32?6.31 kg), average daily gain (0.42?0.12 kg), consumption (0.89 kg) and feed conversion (2.119 ) normal for a given race, age and housing conditions. The use of preparation of phytobiotics as growth promoters, led to better production results in regard to the control group, which was based on higher body weight (27.19?4.77 kg), higher average daily gain (0.46?0.09 kg) and better feed conversion (2.043). The use of phytobiotic, as an alternative option in growth stimulation of weaned pigs, has its nutritive, medical and economic justification.

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