scholarly journals Correlations between Leaf Nutrient Content and the Production of Metabolites in Orange Jessamine (Murraya paniculata L. Jack) Fertilized with Chicken Manure

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Rahmah Karimuna ◽  
Sandra Arifin Aziz ◽  
Maya Melati
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Murraya Paniculata ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Very High

Plant secondary metabolites are unique sources for pharmaceuticals and food additives. Orange jessamine (Murraya paniculata) contains secondary metabolite that is beneficial to human health including lowering blood cholesterol levels, anti-obesity, and has the antioxidant capacity. Leaves of orange jessamine have several chemical constituents including L-cadinene, methyl-anthranilate, bisabolene, β-caryophyllene, geraniol, Carene, 5-guaiazulene, osthole, paniculatin, tannins, eugenol, citronelled, coumurrayin and coumarin derivatives. This study aimed to determine the correlation between leaf concentrations of N, P and K with leaf bioactive compounds following chicken manure application to the plants. The experiment was conducted at IPB Experimental Station at Cikarawang, Bogor (6o30' - 6o45' S, 106o30'-106o45' E) from March to November 2014 (250 m above sea level). The study used a randomized block design (RBD) with rates of chicken manure as a treatment, i.e. 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 kg per plant. Chicken manure was applied at 30 months after planting (MAP). Leaves were harvested by pruning the plants to a height of 75 cm above the soil surface. The results showed that the optimum rates of chicken manure to produce maximum fresh and dry leaf weight were 3.1 kg and 6.5 kg per plant, respectively. This rate was sufficient for leaf production at the first harvest (34 MAP) but was insufficient for the second harvest (38 MAP). K concentration of the leaves from different positions within the plant and leaf age positively correlated with leaf dry weight (P <0.01), but negatively correlated with total flavonoid content (P <0.01). Leaf P concentration was negatively correlated with dry weight of the 5th young leaves, or mature leaves from all positions. Leaf K concentration was categorized very high (3.59-4.10%), whereas leaf P concentration was high (0.28-0.29%) to very high (0.33-0.35%). The 5th mature leaves determined plant K requirements.Keywords: antioxidant, bioactive compounds, leaf position, organic, NPK leaf concentrations

scholarly journals 542 Sulfur Source, Rate, and Method of Application for Polyethylene-mulched Tomato

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 489A-489
Author(s):  
Anas D. Susila ◽  
Sal J. Locascio
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Sulfur Source ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Measured Variable ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Source Rate ◽  
S Application ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch ◽  
Very High

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) was grown with polyethylene mulch and drip irrigation on a Millhopper fine sandy soil testing very high in P and low in organic matter during two season to evaluate the effect of S source, rate, and application methods on plant growth and yield of fruit. S rates of 34 and 68 kg S/ha were applied preplant (broadcast in the bed), by drip (10 weekly drip application), and by split applications (40% preplant and 60% drip). In split applications, S sources evaluated were ammonium sulfate and ammonium thiosulfate. Plant height was increased with S application from 0 to 68 kg S/ha in both studies. However, response on plant dry weight only occurred in Spring 1999. Total marketable yield was 17.9 tons/ha with 0 kg S/ha and was increased quadraticaly to 48.1 tons/ha with application of 68 kg S/ha in Spring 1999, but no response to S was obtained in the Spring 1998 study. Measured variable were not affected by S source and methods of application. Increasing S application from 0 to 68 kg S/ha reduced leaf and plant tissue P concentration 14% and 12% at mid season and 26% and 25% at late-season sampling, respectively. Application of 68 kg S/ha reduced soil pH ≈0.3 unit at the end of the season in both studies.

scholarly journals 368 Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens)

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 455F-456
Author(s):  
Mary E. Carrington ◽  
Monica Ozores-Hampton ◽  
J. Jeffrey Mullahey
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Serenoa Repens ◽  
Size Category ◽  
Saw Palmetto ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Leaf N

Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), a palm species native to the Southeastern United States, is used in ornamental plantings and landscaping. From Mar. 1998 to Mar. 1999, we conducted an experiment to assess effects of different levels of nitrogen addition on three sizes of containerized saw palmettos in southwest Florida. Palmettos were in 26-L containers (plant height 30 to 50 cm, no above-ground rhizome), 38-L containers (plant height 50 to 80 cm, above-ground, prostrate rhizome), and 170-L containers (three erect above-ground rhizomes 1 to 2 m high). We applied granulated ammonium nitrate (34% N) to the soil surface four times during the year, at 6 yearly rates of N addition for each size category of palmettos (24 palmettos in each size category). We also applied granulated concentrated triple superphosphate (46% P2O5) and potassium chloride (60% K2O) at constant yearly rates for each size category. We measured height and width of plants and length and width of leaves at the beginning and end of the experiment. We quantified leaf N, P and K concentration two days after first fertilizer application, and at the end of the experiment. For 26-L plants, increasing rates of N addition were reflected in higher levels of leaf N concentration two days after the first application. Leaf growth was less, and leaf K concentration at the end of the experiment was lower with increasing rates of N addition. Leaf P concentration at the end of the experiment decreased, and then increased with increasing rates of N addition. Plant growth for 170-L plants decreased and then increased, and leaf P concentration at the end of the experiment decreased with increasing rates of N addition.

scholarly journals Potassium Nutrition Affects Leaf Growth, Anatomy, and Macroelements of Guzmania

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Yi Lin ◽  
Der-Ming Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Storage Tissue ◽  
Potassium Nutrition ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Leaf N

Guzmania lingulata (L.) Mez. ‘Cherry’ plants were grown in coconut husk chips. All plants were given 8 mm nitrogen (N), 2 mm phosphorus (P), 4 mm calcium (Ca), and 1 mm magnesium (Mg) at each irrigation with potassium (K) concentration at 0, 2, 4, or 6 mm. After 9 months, K concentration did not alter the number of new leaves, and shoot and root dry weights. Increasing K concentration did not affect the length but increased the width of the most recently fully expanded leaves (the sixth leaves). Plants under 0 K exhibited yellow spots and irregular chlorosis on old leaves being more severe at the middle of the blade and leaf tip. Numbers of leaves with yellow spots or chlorosis decreased with increasing K concentration. Chlorenchyma thickness was unaffected by K concentration, whereas water storage tissue and total leaf thickness increased with increasing K concentration. Leaf N concentration in the sixth or 10th leaf was unaffected by solution K concentration. However, plants at 0 mm K had higher N concentration in the 14th leaf than those in sixth and 10th leaves. Leaf P, Ca, and Mg concentrations decreased with increasing solution K concentration. K concentrations were higher in the sixth leaf than the 14th leaf in plants at 0, 2, or 4 mm K, whereas leaf K concentration was 15 g·kg−1 on dry weight basis in the sixth, 10th, or 14th leaves in plants treated with 6 mm K.

scholarly journals Utility of Alumina-buffered Phosphorus Fertilizer for Vegetable Production

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayuki Tanaka ◽  
Robert Snyder ◽  
John K. Boateng ◽  
William J. Lamont ◽  
Michael D. Orzolek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
P Fertilizers ◽  
P Sources

The utility of alumina-buffered phosphorus (Al-P) fertilizers for supplying phosphorus (P) to bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in soils with low-P availability was evaluated. Plants were grown at low-P fertility (about 100 kg·ha–1, low-P control; LPC), with conventional P fertilization (205-300 kg·ha–1 annually, fertilizer control; FC), or with one of two Al-P sources (Martenswerke or Alcoa) in 2001–03. The two Al-P fertilizers were applied in 2001; no additional material was applied in 2002-03. Plants grown with Martenswerke Al-P had similar shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root length, leaf P concentration, and fruit yield compared with plants grown with conventional P fertilizer in both 2002 and 2003 seasons. Bell pepper grown with Alcoa Al-P had similar shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root length, leaf P concentration, and fruit yield compared with plants grown without P fertilizer in both seasons. Alcoa Al-P continuously released bioavailable P for 2 years between 2001 and 2002, while Martenswerke Al-P continuously released bioavailable P at least 3 years between 2001 and 2003. These results indicate that some formulations of Al-P can serve as long-term P sources for field vegetable production.

scholarly journals Relationships between Douglas fir seedling growth and levels of some soil and tissue nutrients

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-277
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Available P ◽  
Concentration Increase ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
One Year ◽  
Calcium Superphosphate

Growth of Douglas fir seedlings was increased by application of calcium superphosphate to a nursery soil containing 56 ppm available P. Under nursery conditions of nutrient supply growth was seriously limited when tissue P concentration of one-year old seedling was near 0.18% or lower. At higher tissue P concentrations growth was apparently dependent on tissue K concentration. Increase of soil Mg level above 1.5 m.e.q./100 g. soil depressed growth. Under greenhouse conditions 61% of seedling variation in dry weight was accounted for by considering concentration of 6 tissue nutrients but under nursery conditions only 41% of variation was accounted for by 5 tissue nutrients.

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES IN PLANT METABOLISM: VI. THE EFFECT OF ONTOGENY ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL HETEROGENEITY IN THE FIRST LEAF OF WHEAT

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Plant Metabolism ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Physiological Heterogeneity ◽  
Very High

The respiration rate, R.Q., and the water content of each of the developing quarters of the first leaf of Khapli wheat have been measured at different ages and found to change as the tissue ages. In general the respiration rate declines as the tissue ages. The R.Q. is usually close to unity except in the basal quarter around the fifth day. The water content of the quarters tends to decline as the mature leaves become older. In the basal quarter of four- and five-day-old leaves the oxygen uptake appears to reach its peak when calculated on a dry weight basis. In the five-day-old leaves the rate of water uptake is very high and the R.Q. very low. These properties are thought to be correlated with the phase of elongation which is occurring in this quarter at that stage.

scholarly journals Mulches and Biosolids Affect Vigor, Yield and Leaf Nutrition of Fertigated High Density Apple

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H. Neilsen ◽  
E.J. Hogue ◽  
T. Forge ◽  
D. Neilsen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Management ◽  
High Density ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Biosolids Application ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Leaf Nutrient Concentration

`Spartan' apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) trees on M.9 (T337) rootstock were planted in April 1994 at 1.25 m × 3.5 m spacing. Seven soil management treatments were applied within a 2-m-wide strip centered on the tree row and arranged in a randomized complete-block experimental design. Treatments included a weed-free strip (check) maintained with four annual applications of glyphosate; surface application of 45 t·ha-1 of Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD) biosolids applied in 1994 and again in 1997; mulches of shredded office paper; alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay; black woven polypropylene; and shredded paper applied over 45 t·ha-1 GVRD-and Kelowna-biosolids applied in 1994 and 1997. All experimental trees were fertigated with phosphorus (P) in the first year and with nitrogen (N) annually. Cumulative yield for the first five harvests was higher for trees subjected to any soil management treatment relative to check trees. Maximum cumulative yield, exceeding check trees by 80%, was measured for trees grown with a shredded paper mulch with or without biosolids application. Trees from the three shredded paper treatments were the only ones significantly larger than check trees after six growing seasons. No increases in leaf nutrient concentration were consistently as sociated with improved tree performance. Notable effects included increased leaf P concentration associated with biosolids application, increased leaf K concentration after alfalfa mulch application and temporary increases in leaf Zn and Cu concentration associated with application of biosolids high in Zn and Cu. Use of both mulches and biosolids amendments benefits growth of trees in high density plantings despite daily drip irrigation and annual fertigation.

scholarly journals Determination and Analysis of Leaf P and K Concentrations of Several Plant Species in Jinan City

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 03055
Author(s):  
Ye Liu ◽  
Xinyu Wang ◽  
Fang Luo ◽  
Liuqing Wu ◽  
Yating Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
The West ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Jinan City ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Total Potassium

The effect of phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) on plant growth and development was irreplaceable. Based on random sampling of several plant species in the west campus of University of Jinan, the concentration of leaf P and K were measured by the total nitrogen total phosphorus total potassium analyzer. The results showed that Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. has the highest concentration of P and K, reaching 395.08 mg/kg and 227.45 mg/kg, followed by locust Robinia pseudoacacia Linn.. Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle and Ligustrum quihoui Carr. has the lowest concentration of leaf P. The leaf P concentration of all plant species was higher than leaf K concentration except for skunk. Based on the soil nutrients status of study area, it was found that Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.and Robinia pseudoacacia Linn. could be appropriately expanded in the end.

Autumnal allocation of phosphorus in black alder, eastern Cottonwood, and white basswood

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Côté ◽  
Jeffrey O. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mine Spoil ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Eastern Cottonwood ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
P Content ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Leaf P

Changes in leaf and current year bark phosphorus (P) concentrations of actinorhizal black alder (Alnusglutinosa (L.) Gaertn.), eastern cottonwood (Populusdeltoides Bartr. ex. Marsh.), and white basswood (Tiliaheterophylla Vent.) were determined during autumn on a mine-spoil site and a contrasting prairie site. During the last 2 weeks of sampling (4 weeks for alder at the prairie site), leaf P concentrations decreased by 43% for black alder and 23% for eastern cottonwood at the mine-spoil site and by 30% for black alder and 26% for white basswood at the prairie site. Concurrent increases in bark P concentration were observed only for eastern cottonwood and white basswood. Changes in leaf, bark, and root P of potted black alder seedlings were also followed in a parallel experiment. Bud set was associated with the onset of increasing leaf P concentration and content and stabilizing bark P content, while roots continued to accumulate P. The ratio of bark P content to root P content as well as the ratio of bark dry weight to root dry weight increased during the last stages of leaf senescence. Our results suggest that black alder can resorb a large proportion of its leaf P during leaf senescence, particularly when P availability is low. Both twigs and roots served as storage tissues for P, with roots acting as a primary sink in early autumn and bark acting as a sink for subsequently resorbed leaf P.

scholarly journals Potential of Pre-Harvest Wastes of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Crops, Grown for Smoke Products, as Source of Bioactive Compounds (Phenols and Flavonoids)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2087
Author(s):  
Maria Isabella Sifola ◽  
Linda Carrino ◽  
Eugenio Cozzolino ◽  
Luisa del Piano ◽  
Giulia Graziani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Diammonium Salt ◽  
Q Exactive ◽  
Tobacco Cultivation ◽  
Folin Assay ◽  
Final Harvest

Tobacco cultivation is characterized by high amounts of waste biomasses whose disposal frequently represents a complex and expensive problem. A study was conducted to evaluate thepotential of pre-harvest light air-cured (Burley) and dark fire-cured (Kentucky) tobacco waste biomasses as a source of bioactive compounds (nutraceutical ingredients) such as polyphenols. Pre-harvest waste materials (topping fresh materials and residual stalks at final harvest) were collected to determine dry matter, total polyphenols content (TPC; Folin assay), and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,20-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-60-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) antioxidant capacity. Polyphenols quali-quantitative profiles obtained by Orbitrap Q Exactive of both tobacco types were also determined. Total pre-harvest waste biomass amounted to 3956.9 and 1304.4 kg d.w. ha−1 in light air-cured (Burley) and dark fire-cured (Kentucky) tobacco types, respectively. Polyphenols content, expressed as g kg−1 dry weight (d.w.), ranged between 4.6 and 15.7 g kg−1 d.w. and was generally greater in leaves than in stalks. Considering both leaves and stalks, the light air-cured (Burley) tobacco crop yielded 22.1 kg ha−1 of polyphenols, while the dark fire-cured (Kentucky) tobacco yielded 12.0 kg ha−1. DPPH and ABTS were significantly greater in leaves than in stalks waste biomass in both types of tobacco. The most abundant components were quinic and chlorogenic acids, rutin, and luteolin rutinoside.

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