Autumnal allocation of phosphorus in black alder, eastern Cottonwood, and white basswood

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Côté ◽  
Jeffrey O. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mine Spoil ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Eastern Cottonwood ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
P Content ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Leaf P

Changes in leaf and current year bark phosphorus (P) concentrations of actinorhizal black alder (Alnusglutinosa (L.) Gaertn.), eastern cottonwood (Populusdeltoides Bartr. ex. Marsh.), and white basswood (Tiliaheterophylla Vent.) were determined during autumn on a mine-spoil site and a contrasting prairie site. During the last 2 weeks of sampling (4 weeks for alder at the prairie site), leaf P concentrations decreased by 43% for black alder and 23% for eastern cottonwood at the mine-spoil site and by 30% for black alder and 26% for white basswood at the prairie site. Concurrent increases in bark P concentration were observed only for eastern cottonwood and white basswood. Changes in leaf, bark, and root P of potted black alder seedlings were also followed in a parallel experiment. Bud set was associated with the onset of increasing leaf P concentration and content and stabilizing bark P content, while roots continued to accumulate P. The ratio of bark P content to root P content as well as the ratio of bark dry weight to root dry weight increased during the last stages of leaf senescence. Our results suggest that black alder can resorb a large proportion of its leaf P during leaf senescence, particularly when P availability is low. Both twigs and roots served as storage tissues for P, with roots acting as a primary sink in early autumn and bark acting as a sink for subsequently resorbed leaf P.

Field Determination of the Critical Nutrient Concentrations for Cladophora in Streams

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Wong ◽  
B. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
P Content ◽  
Waste Load ◽  
Total P

Many streams in southern Ontario experience excessive seasonal growth of aquatic plants such as Cladophora and Potamogeton. A direct relation, with a regression coefficient of 0.87, was observed between ambient P concentration in the water and P content of plant tissue in six rivers. Critical or growth controlling total P concentration of 60 μg/liter in stream water and 1.6 mg/gram dry weight in plant tissue were determined. Unlike P, no significant correlation was observed between N content of plant tissue and N concentration in water. The correlation of total P with plant growth can be used to estimate the waste load which would result in maximum growth rate of Cladophora.

scholarly journals Solar radiation effects on leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of Chinese fir across subtropical China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Tong ◽  
Yini Cao ◽  
Zhihong Zhu ◽  
Chenyang Lou ◽  
Benzhi Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
P Content ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Leaf N

Abstract Background Solar radiation (SR) plays critical roles in plant physiological processes and ecosystems functions. However, the exploration of SR influences on the biogeochemical cycles of forest ecosystems is still in a slow progress, and has important implications for the understanding of plant adaption strategy under future environmental changes. Herein, this research was aimed to explore the influences of SR on plant nutrient characteristics, and provided theoretical basis for introducing SR into the establishment of biochemical models of forest ecosystems in the future researches. Methods We measured leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry in 19 Chinese fir plantations across subtropical China by a field investigation. The direct and indirect effects of SR, including global radiation (Global R), direct radiation (Direct R) and diffuse radiation (Diffuse R) on the leaf N and P stoichiometry were investigated. Results The linear regression analysis showed that leaf N concentration had no association with SR, while leaf P concentration and N:P ratio were negatively and positively related to SR, respectively. Partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) demonstrated that SR (e.g. Direct R and Diffuse R), as a latent variable, exhibited direct correlations with leaf N and P stoichiometry as well as the indirect correlation mediated by soil P content. The direct associations (path coefficient = − 0.518) were markedly greater than indirect associations (path coefficient = − 0.087). The covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) indicated that SR had direct effects on leaf P concentration (path coefficient = − 0.481), and weak effects on leaf N concentration. The high SR level elevated two temperature indexes (mean annual temperature, MAT; ≥ 10 °C annual accumulated temperature, ≥ 10 °C AAT) and one hydrological index (mean annual evapotranspiration, MAE), but lowered the soil P content. MAT, MAE and soil P content could affect the leaf P concentration, which cause the indirect effect of SR on leaf P concentration (path coefficient = 0.004). Soil N content had positive effect on the leaf N concentration, which was positively and negatively regulated by MAP and ≥ 10 °C AAT, respectively. Conclusions These results confirmed that SR had negatively direct and indirect impacts on plant nutrient status of Chinese fir based on a regional investigation, and the direct associations were greater than the indirect associations. Such findings shed light on the guideline of taking SR into account for the establishment of global biogeochemical models of forest ecosystems in the future studies.

scholarly journals Correlations between Leaf Nutrient Content and the Production of Metabolites in Orange Jessamine (Murraya paniculata L. Jack) Fertilized with Chicken Manure

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Rahmah Karimuna ◽  
Sandra Arifin Aziz ◽  
Maya Melati
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Murraya Paniculata ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Very High

Plant secondary metabolites are unique sources for pharmaceuticals and food additives. Orange jessamine (Murraya paniculata) contains secondary metabolite that is beneficial to human health including lowering blood cholesterol levels, anti-obesity, and has the antioxidant capacity. Leaves of orange jessamine have several chemical constituents including L-cadinene, methyl-anthranilate, bisabolene, β-caryophyllene, geraniol, Carene, 5-guaiazulene, osthole, paniculatin, tannins, eugenol, citronelled, coumurrayin and coumarin derivatives. This study aimed to determine the correlation between leaf concentrations of N, P and K with leaf bioactive compounds following chicken manure application to the plants. The experiment was conducted at IPB Experimental Station at Cikarawang, Bogor (6o30' - 6o45' S, 106o30'-106o45' E) from March to November 2014 (250 m above sea level). The study used a randomized block design (RBD) with rates of chicken manure as a treatment, i.e. 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 kg per plant. Chicken manure was applied at 30 months after planting (MAP). Leaves were harvested by pruning the plants to a height of 75 cm above the soil surface. The results showed that the optimum rates of chicken manure to produce maximum fresh and dry leaf weight were 3.1 kg and 6.5 kg per plant, respectively. This rate was sufficient for leaf production at the first harvest (34 MAP) but was insufficient for the second harvest (38 MAP). K concentration of the leaves from different positions within the plant and leaf age positively correlated with leaf dry weight (P <0.01), but negatively correlated with total flavonoid content (P <0.01). Leaf P concentration was negatively correlated with dry weight of the 5th young leaves, or mature leaves from all positions. Leaf K concentration was categorized very high (3.59-4.10%), whereas leaf P concentration was high (0.28-0.29%) to very high (0.33-0.35%). The 5th mature leaves determined plant K requirements.Keywords: antioxidant, bioactive compounds, leaf position, organic, NPK leaf concentrations

Soil phosphorus supply affects nodulation and N:P ratio in 11 perennial legume seedlings

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayin Pang ◽  
Mark Tibbett ◽  
Matthew D. Denton ◽  
Hans Lambers ◽  
Kadambot H. M. Siddique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
P Supply ◽  
N Status

Developing new perennial pasture legumes for low-P soils is a priority for Australian Mediterranean agro-ecosystems, where soil P availability is naturally low. As legumes tend to require higher P inputs than non-legumes, the ability of these plants to fix N2 under varying soil P levels must be determined. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of soil P supply on plant N status and nodule formation in 11 perennial legumes, including some novel pasture species. We investigated the effect of applying soil P, ranging from 0 to 384 μg P/g dry soil, on plant N status and nodulation in a glasshouse. Without exogenous P supply, shoot N concentration and N : P ratio were higher than at 6 μg P/g soil. Shoot N concentration and N : P ratio then changed little with further increase in P supply. There was a close positive correlation between the number of nodules and shoot P concentration in 7 of the 11 species. Total nodule dry weight and the percentage of plant dry weight that consisted of nodules increased when P supply increased from 6 to 48 μg P/g. Without exogenous P addition, N : P ratios partitioned into a two-group distribution, with species having a N : P ratio of either >70 or <50 g/g. We suggest that plants with a high N : P ratio may take up N from the soil constitutively, while those with a low N : P ratio may regulate their N uptake in relation to internal P concentration. The flexibility of the novel pasture legumes in this study to adjust their leaf N concentrations under different levels of soil P supplements other published evidence of good growth and high P uptake and P-use efficiency under low soil P supply and suggests their potential as pasture plants in low-P soils in Australian Mediterranean agro-ecosystems warrants further attention.

scholarly journals Utility of Alumina-buffered Phosphorus Fertilizer for Vegetable Production

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayuki Tanaka ◽  
Robert Snyder ◽  
John K. Boateng ◽  
William J. Lamont ◽  
Michael D. Orzolek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
P Fertilizers ◽  
P Sources

The utility of alumina-buffered phosphorus (Al-P) fertilizers for supplying phosphorus (P) to bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in soils with low-P availability was evaluated. Plants were grown at low-P fertility (about 100 kg·ha–1, low-P control; LPC), with conventional P fertilization (205-300 kg·ha–1 annually, fertilizer control; FC), or with one of two Al-P sources (Martenswerke or Alcoa) in 2001–03. The two Al-P fertilizers were applied in 2001; no additional material was applied in 2002-03. Plants grown with Martenswerke Al-P had similar shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root length, leaf P concentration, and fruit yield compared with plants grown with conventional P fertilizer in both 2002 and 2003 seasons. Bell pepper grown with Alcoa Al-P had similar shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root length, leaf P concentration, and fruit yield compared with plants grown without P fertilizer in both seasons. Alcoa Al-P continuously released bioavailable P for 2 years between 2001 and 2002, while Martenswerke Al-P continuously released bioavailable P at least 3 years between 2001 and 2003. These results indicate that some formulations of Al-P can serve as long-term P sources for field vegetable production.

scholarly journals Penentuan Dosis Optimum Pemupukan N, P, dan K pada Tanaman Kacang Bogor [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt]

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Ayu Dwi Ayu Dwi Lestari ◽  
Maya Melati ◽  
Heni Purnamawati
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Optimum Rate ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
P Content ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Leaf P

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Bambara groundnut is considered tolerant to drought and unfertile soil; therefore, has higher potential to be cultivated. The average yield of dry pod weight from agricultural fields in Indonesia is still low (&lt; 4 ton ha-1); hence, the cultivation technique must be improved. Fertilizer is the main input to increase yield of Bambara groundnut, but the optimum rates of N, P, and K have not been determined. Therefore, the objectives of the research were to determine the optimum rate of N, P, and K fertilizer for Bambara groundnut production. Three parallel experiments were conducted at Cikarawang Experimental State, Dramaga, Bogor from March to July 2013. Each experiment tested different rates of N or P or K fertilizer with compeletely randomized block design and three replications. The fertilizer rates were 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200% of recommendation rate (100% N = 100 kg Urea ha-1, 100% P = 150 kg SP-36 ha-1, 100% K = 75 kg KCl ha-1). The results showed that leaf P content increased linearly with N fertilizer application. Leaf N content linearly decreased with P fertilizer application. Leaf P content and shoot dry weight quadratically increased with K fertilizer application. The optimum rates of N and P fertilizer was unable to be determined due to insignificant response of several variables. Optimum rate of K fertilizer ranged 86.4-118.95 kg KCl ha-1.</p><p>Keywords: leaf nutrients, multi nutrient response, recommendation rate</p>

scholarly journals Phosphorus body content in an herbivorous fish in environments with different trophic state

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talita M. De Andrade Santos ◽  
Bianca De Freitas Terra ◽  
Eugênia Zandonà ◽  
Sandra T. Santaella ◽  
Carla F. Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Herbivorous Fish ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Total Phosphorous ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
P Content ◽  
Nutrient Homeostasis

<p>Animals are believed to be homeostatic by maintaining relatively constant body nutrient content independently of changes in diet. Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important elements for fishes as Loricariids, which are covered with armor-like bony plates. These species are expected to maintain nutrient homeostasis, however, in environments with low P availability they can be P-limited. The hypothesis of this study is that P concentration in body composition of an herbivorous fish, <em>Hypostomus jaguribensis,</em> does not change in environments with different availability of this nutrient. We conducted this study in two locations of the Curu river basin in Brazil, which differed in their nutrient concentrations: one was ultraoligotrophic and the other mesotrophic, as determined by total phosphorous concentrations and chlorophyll <em>a</em> in the water. We found significant differences in the body P content of the fish from the two sites: <em>Hypostomus jaguribensis</em> from the ultraoligotrophic site showed higher body P content, higher body weight and condition factor. This suggests that the ultraoligotrophic site is a more favorable environment for this species. The body P content was higher in intermediate sizes (between 12 and 14 cm in the ultraoligotrophic site and between 11 and 13 cm in the mesotrophic site), which can be related to biological characteristics such as the need to accumulate nutrients at the beginning of the reproductive period. Our study did not find support for strict homeostasis in this high-P demand fish species.</p>

scholarly journals Long-Term Impact of Phosphorous Fertilization on Yield and Alternate Bearing in Intensive Irrigated Olive Cultivation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1821
Author(s):  
Amnon Haberman ◽  
Arnon Dag ◽  
Ran Erel ◽  
Isaac Zipori ◽  
Nerya Shtern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Tree ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Content ◽  
Olive Cultivation ◽  
Leaf P

Phosphorus (P) availability significantly impacts olive tree reproductive development and consequential fruit production. However, the importance of P fertilization in olive cultivation is not clear, and P application is usually recommended only after P deficiency is identified. In order to determine the long-term impacts of continuous P fertilization in intensive irrigated olive cultivation, the growth and production of trees in an intensive orchard with or without P fertilization were evaluated over six consecutive seasons. Withholding of P resulted in significant reduction in soil P quantity and availability. Under lower P availability, long-term fruit production was significantly impaired due to reduced flowering and fruit set. In addition, trees under conditions of low P were characterized by higher alternate bearing fluctuations. Olive tree vegetative growth was hardly affected by P fertilizer level. The impairment of tree productivity was evident in spite of the fact that leaf P content in the treatment without P fertilization did not decrease below commonly reported and accepted thresholds for P deficiency. This implies that the leaf P content sufficiency threshold for intensive olive orchards should be reconsidered. The results demonstrate the negative impact of insufficient P fertilization and signify the need for routine P fertilization in intensive olive cultivation.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Mikoriza Vesikular Arbuskular dan 5-aminolevulinic Acid terhadap Pertumbuhan Jagung Varietas Lokal Madura pada Cekaman Kekeringan

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Ruly Hamida ◽  
Kumala Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
P Content ◽  
Maize Variety ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Range Test

<p>The local Madura maize variety planted on drought stress area suffered retarded plant growth and reduced grain yield. Research was conducted to alleviate the stress on crop plants, to survive under drought condition. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MVA and ALA on the growth of Guluk-guluk local maize variety planted under difference drought stresess. The experiment was conducted using split-split plot design with three factors in six replications. The first factor was variation of MVA application, i.e., without inoculation (M0) and with inoculation of mycorrhiza (M1). The second factor was ALA treatment which consisted of 3 levels, namely 0% (P0), 0.05% (P1) and 0.1% (P2). Third factor was plant watering intensity, i.e., watered once every 2 days (K0), watered once every 4 days (K1) and watered once every 6 days (K2) reaching field capacity, respectively. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results suggested that MVA and ALA treatments gave significant effects in increasing the percentage of mycorrhiza infection, total leaf P content, total chlorophyll content, plant height, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root and shoot/root ratio. It showed a significant effect in decreasing ABA content in maize plant subjected to drought stress. The ABA content was 1.7 ppm in plants watered once every 2 days, where control plant had ABA content of 5.8 ppm. The best treatment was found on plants treated with mycorrhiza inoculation and 0.05% ALA and watered once every 4 days.</p>

Sex-specifically responsive strategies to phosphorus availability combined with different soil nitrogen forms in dioecious Populus cathayana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiucheng Liu ◽  
Yuting Wang ◽  
Shuangri Liu ◽  
Miao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Populus Cathayana ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
P Supply

Abstract Aims Phosphorus (P) availability and efficiency are especially important for plant growth and productivity. However, the sex-specific P acquisition and utilization strategies of dioecious plant species under different N forms are not clear. Methods This study investigated the responsive mechanisms of dioecious Populus cathayana females and males based on P uptake and allocation to soil P supply under N deficiency, nitrate (NO3 −) and ammonium (NH4 +) supply. Important Findings Females had a greater biomass, root length density (RLD), specific root length (SRL) and shoot P concentration than males under normal P availability with two N supplies. NH4 + supply led to higher total root length, RLD and SRL but lower root tip number than NO3 − supply under normal P supply. Under P deficiency, males showed a smaller root system but greater photosynthetic P availability and higher leaf P remobilization, exhibiting a better capacity to adaptation to P-deficiency than females. Under P deficiency, NO3 − supply increased leaf photosynthesis and PUE but reduced RLD and SRL in females while males had higher leaf P redistribution and photosynthetic PUE than NH4 + supply. Females had a better potentiality to cope with P deficiency under NO3 − supply than NH4 + supply; the contrary was true for males. These results suggest that females may devote to increase in P uptake and shoot P allocation under normal P availability, especially under NO3 − supply, while males adopt more efficient resource use and P remobilization to maximum their tolerance to P-deficiency.

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