scholarly journals Kinetic Study of Gas Formation in Styrofoam Pyrolysis Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
I Dewe Ketut Anom
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Arrhenius Equation ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Gas Formation ◽  
Kinetics Of

This research aims to study the reaction kinetics of gas formation in the pyrolysis of styrofoam waste. Pyrolysis of styrofoam waste without a catalyst takes place at a constant temperature of 180°C. In contrast, the pyrolysis of styrofoam waste by adding a zeolite catalyst took place at a constant temperature of 170°C. The amount of styrofoam waste used in this research sample is 200 grams, and the natural zeolite catalyst is 5 grams. Pyrolysis of styrofoam waste without using a catalyst form a gas at a constant temperature of 180°C, the kinetics of the reaction takes place on the zero-order. This result follows the Arrhenius equation K = Ae10617/RT with an activation energy value (Ea) of 1.27x103 kJ.mol-1. Pyrolysis of styrofoam waste by adding a zeolite catalyst to gas formation at a constant temperature of 170°C also takes place on the zero-order. The equation follows Arrhenius K= Ae4711,5/RT and the activation energy value (Ea) is 5.66x102 kJ.mol-1.

scholarly journals Pyrolysis Reaction Kinetics of Styrofoam Plastic Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Feybi A. G. Kauwo ◽  
I Dewa K. Anom ◽  
John Z. Lombok
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Arrhenius Equation ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Pyrolysis Reaction ◽  
First Order ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Reaction Constant ◽  
Kinetics Of

Pyrolysis at the temperature range of 170 °C-237 °C against polystyrene (Styrofoam) type plastic waste is carried out without a catalyst and added a catalyst. The purpose of this research was to study the reaction kinetics of Styrofoam pyrolysis to liquid smoke products. Pyrolysis using a series of tools made of glass to observe the processes that occur in the reactor. The results showed that Styrofoam pyrolysis for liquid smoke products without catalyst and added catalyst took place in the first-order reaction. The kinetics of the pyrolysis reaction without a catalyst to observe the formation of liquid smoke products obtained by the equation of the reaction constant following the Arrhenius equation k = Ae2111.4 / T, with an activation energy value (Ea) of 17.554 x 103 kJ/mol and pyrolysis using a catalyst obtained k = Ae10330/T, with an activation energy value (Ea) of 85.883x103 kJ/mol. Using catalysts during pyrolysis will reduce the temperature so that the reaction will be slow.

Kinetics of 2-Chloro-6-Nitrotoluene Hydrogenation on Palladium/Carbon Catalyst without Inhibitors

2012 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
pp. 107-110
Author(s):  
Feng Wen ◽  
Yi Feng Zhu ◽  
Xiao Nian Li
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Hydrogenation Reaction ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Carbon Catalyst ◽  
Free Condition ◽  
Solvent Free Condition ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Very High

Pd-only catalyst supported on activated carbon has been prepared by chemical impregnation and used to catalyze the hydrogenation of 2-chloro-6-nitrotoluene (2-CNT) to 3-chloro-2-methylaniline in solvent-free condition. The effects of reaction temperature，H2 pressure on the hydrogenation have been investigated. The reaction showed very high selectivity with the dehalogenation side product with a yield of less than 1.2 %. The most favorable conditions could be temperature= 353 K, stirring speed= 1200 rpm, H2 pressure= 1 MPa. The catalytic hydrogenation reaction was found to have a zero order with hydrogen and 1 order with 2-CNT. The apparent activation energy of the hydrogenation was 60.58 kJ/mol.

Chemical Vapor Deposition of SiO2 from Ozone-Organosilane Mixtures near Atmospheric Pressure

1992 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. Guinn ◽  
J. A. Mucha
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Kcal Mole ◽  
Consumption Ratio ◽  
Zero Order Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACTThe kinetics of deposition of SiO2 by the reaction of tetramethylsilane (TMS) with ozone (O3) has been studied over the temperature range 180 – 380° C and compared with available data for the same process using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). Both processes exhibit the same activation energy (17 kcal/mole) below 300 ° C which falls-off at higher temperatures due to transport limitations. Transition from first- to zero-order kinetics occurs with increasing concentrations of TMS and O3, which gives an overall O3/TMS consumption ratio of 10 at 258° C and5 at 325° C. TEOS is estimated to be 5 times more reactive than TMS above 300° C and over 10 times more reactive in the kinetically-limited regime below 300° C. Results suggest that O3-induced SiO2 deposition proceeds via surface reactions and is limited by heterogeneous decomposition of ozone.

Pseudo-Homogenous Kinetics Model for the Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate from Urea and Methanol with Heterogeneous Catalyst

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 481-486
Author(s):  
Wen Bo Zhao ◽  
Ning Zhao ◽  
Fu Kui Xiao ◽  
Wei Wei
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Activation Energy ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Side Reaction ◽  
Order Reaction ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Kinetics Model ◽  
First Order ◽  
Zero Order Reaction ◽  
Kinetics Of

The synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from urea and methanol includes two main reactions: one amino of urea is substituted by methoxy to produce the intermediate methyl carbamate (MC) which further converts to DMC via reaction with methanol again. In a stainless steel autoclave, the kinetics of these reactions was separately investigated without catalyst and with Zn-containing catalyst. Without catalyst, for the first reaction, the reaction kinetics can be described as first order with respect to the concentrations of methanol and methyl carbamate (MC), respectively. For the second reaction, the results exhibit characteristics of zero-order reaction. Over Zn-containing catalyst, the first reaction is neglected in the kinetics model since its rate is much faster than second reaction. After the optimization of reaction condition, the macro-kinetic parameters of the second reaction are obtained by fitting the experimental data to a pseudo-homogenous model, in which a side reaction of DMC synthesis is incorporated since it decreases the yield of DMC drastically at high temperature. The activation energy of the reaction from MC to DMC is 104 KJ/mol while that of the side reaction of DMC is 135 KJ/mol.

Thermogravimetric Analysis of KCl-Pretreated Soybean Stalk

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 118-121
Author(s):  
Dong Yu Chen ◽  
Qing Yu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Pyrolysis Kinetics ◽  
Ozawa Method ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Lower Activation ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Kinetics Of

To study the influence of KCl pretreating on the pyrolysis kinetics of soybean stalk, the pyrolysis of soybean stalk pretreated by different concentration KCl solutions were performed by nonisothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at five different heating rates. The Ozawa method was employed to calculate the activation energy. The results showed that the pyrolysis process of the soybean stalk pretreated by 3% and 10% KCl solution can be separated into four stages (water loss, depolymerization and vitrification, thermal decomposition, and carbonization). With the heating rate increasing, the main pyrolysis zone of the TG (thermogravimetric) and DTG curves move to the higher temperature region, and the maximum pyrolysis rate and its corresponding temperature increase too. A small amount of metal salts addition is conducive to the formation of volatile, and a certain amount of metal salts can improve the charcoal yield. More KCl additive makes the lower activation energy value, and the obtained activation energy value increases with the reaction degree.

scholarly journals Effect of Acid Concentration on the Activation of Bayah Natural Zeolite for Palm Kernel Shell Pyrolysis Application

REAKTOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Endang Suhendi ◽  
Andre Wibowo ◽  
Tia Lestari ◽  
Teguh Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Catalyst Characterization ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Replacement Solution

Biooil is the main product in the pyrolysis process which is expected to be a liquid fuel replacement solution. But the resulting biooil cannot be directly used as a result of high oxygenated compounds, high viscosity, corrosive, and unstable. Addition of activated natural zeolite catalyst to the pyrolysis process is expected to improve the quality of biooil in order to be used as a renewable liquid fuel. The research aims to determine the influence of acid concentrations on zeolite modification to the characteristics of pyrolysis products. Result of catalyst characterization indicates that zeolite activation using acid will increase Si/Al ratio as well as open the surface of previously hindered zeolite. The yield of char produced in this study tends not to undergo significant changes between the catalytic and noncatalytic pyrolysis by 33% wt. Addition of zeolite catalyst in pyrolysis proved to be able to increase the content of phenol and decrease the content of acetic acid in bio-oil by 6% . Meanwhile, yield of CO2 increases by 20% in the use of catalysts due to the release of oxygen in the oxygenate compounds. The results of this study showed that the resulting biooil still does not meet the specifications of liquid fuels but can be utilized as a renewable chemical feedstock.Keywords: pyrolysis; biomass; natural zeolite;modified

scholarly journals Kinetics of pyrolysis of wood biomass under isothermal conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Malko ◽  
S. V. Vasilevich
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Preexponential Factor ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Exponential Factor ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
Kinetics Of

The paper discusses the results of a kinetic study of the pyrolysis of woody biomass (ordinary oak wood – Quercus robur) under static conditions at temperatures of 673, 773 and 873 K. In experiments, biomass samples weighing about 1.4 g were kept in a heating furnace for a certain period, after which their residual weight was measured and the degree of decomposition achieved was determined. A total of 7 series of experiments were performed: two series each at temperatures of 673 and 873 K and three series at a temperature of 773 K. The obtained results were analyzed in the framework of a single-stage chemical reaction (one-step global model), leading to a loss of the initial mass. It was established that from the phenomenological point of view, the pyrolysis of woody biomass under experimental conditions corresponds to the sigmoidal reaction model by Avarami–Erofeev with an exponent n ranging from 0.508 to 0.985. The use of the results of the first series of experiments led to an activation energy value of 57.2 kJ/mol and a pre-exponential factor value of 38 s–1. The other series of experiments gave an activation energy value of 64.9 kJ/mol and a preexponential factor value of 130 s–1. It is shown that the use of these values of the activation energy and the preexponential factor leads to agreement of the calculated values of the degree of decomposition of the studied biomass samples with the experimental ones in the range of values of the degree of decomposition from 0 to 1. The data presented in this work contribute to a more complete understanding of the kinetics of pyrolysis of biomass, which is necessary for the development of effective equipment for the thermochemical processing of vegetable raw materials.

Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis and Kinetic Study of Biomass Pyrolysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 800 ◽  
pp. 509-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Sheng Fan ◽  
Xiao Hua Li ◽  
Yi Xi Cai ◽  
Wei Dong Zhao ◽  
Hai Yun Yin
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Biomass Pyrolysis ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Exponential Factor ◽  
Kinetics Of

In order to realize the optimization of pyrolysis process, the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of common agriculture and forestry biomass were studied. Four kinds of biomass were chosen as experiment materials for thermo-gravimetric experiment. The Characteristics of biomass pyrolysis was studied by defining a new evaluation methodology. The method of Coats-Redfern was used to analyze pyrolysis kinetics of biomass pyrolysis process. The results of research show that the pyrolysis process of biomass can be divided into three stages, including drying and preheating, fast pyrolysis and slow decomposition of residue. The activation energy of pyrolysis reaction of biomass during the low temperature stage is higher than that of the high temperature stage. The values of the activation energy and pre-exponential factor are increasing with the increase of heating rate. The pyrolysis of biomass in the main pyrolysis zone can be effectively described by using the kinetic model n=2. The heating rate of 15K/min and temperature of 500°C can improve the reaction rate, and it helps to reduce energy consumption of the reaction.

A Kinetic Study of Acid Corrosion of Cadmium

CORROSION ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-32
Author(s):  
HENRY WEAVER ◽  
CECIL C. LYNCH
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Dilute Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Acid Corrosion ◽  
Rotational Velocity ◽  
Cylindrical Sample ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Cadmium Metal ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Rate Controlling Step

Abstract The kinetics of the reaction of dilute hydrochloric acid with cadmium metal, molded, electroplated on brass, and dipped on brass, have been investigated by means of calibrated conductance measurements. The effect of annealing molded cadmium samples was to reduce the corrosion rate. Changing the speed of spinning the cylindrical sample increased the rate with increase in rotational velocity, up to a constant value at high velocities. The reaction rate at three acid concentrations and at three temperatures were determined. The activation energy is small, between one and two kilocalories per mole of cadmium reacting. In all cases the reaction was zero order over 90 percent of the reaction process. The rate controlling step has been estimated as that of diffusion through the layer surrounding the cadmium surface. 3.8.4

KINETICS OF THE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF ETHYL PROPIONATE

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1412-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur T. Blades ◽  
P. W. Gilderson
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Alkyl Group ◽  
Arrhenius Equation ◽  
Inductive Effect ◽  
Energy Difference ◽  
Ethyl Propionate ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Kinetics Of

The pyrolysis of ethyl propionate has been studied in the temperature range 505–602 °C, yielding the Arrhenius equation[Formula: see text]By the copyrolysis of this compound with ethyl-d5 acetate at 384 and 488 °C, and comparison of this temperature coefficient with that for the isotopic ethyl acetates, an activation energy difference between ethyl acetate and propionate of 20 ± 65 cal/mole was found, rather than 500 cal/mole as indicated in the individual studies. Since other evidence exists for an inductive effect in the decomposition due to the acid alkyl group, the lack of difference in activation energies is attributed to the change in effect being small and obscured by other effects.

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