scholarly journals Effect of Acid Concentration on the Activation of Bayah Natural Zeolite for Palm Kernel Shell Pyrolysis Application

REAKTOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Endang Suhendi ◽  
Andre Wibowo ◽  
Tia Lestari ◽  
Teguh Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Catalyst Characterization ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Replacement Solution

Biooil is the main product in the pyrolysis process which is expected to be a liquid fuel replacement solution. But the resulting biooil cannot be directly used as a result of high oxygenated compounds, high viscosity, corrosive, and unstable. Addition of activated natural zeolite catalyst to the pyrolysis process is expected to improve the quality of biooil in order to be used as a renewable liquid fuel. The research aims to determine the influence of acid concentrations on zeolite modification to the characteristics of pyrolysis products. Result of catalyst characterization indicates that zeolite activation using acid will increase Si/Al ratio as well as open the surface of previously hindered zeolite. The yield of char produced in this study tends not to undergo significant changes between the catalytic and noncatalytic pyrolysis by 33% wt. Addition of zeolite catalyst in pyrolysis proved to be able to increase the content of phenol and decrease the content of acetic acid in bio-oil by 6% . Meanwhile, yield of CO2 increases by 20% in the use of catalysts due to the release of oxygen in the oxygenate compounds. The results of this study showed that the resulting biooil still does not meet the specifications of liquid fuels but can be utilized as a renewable chemical feedstock.Keywords: pyrolysis; biomass; natural zeolite;modified

scholarly journals Process Simulation on Fast Pyrolysis of Palm Kernel Shell for Production of Fuel

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mangala Nayaggy ◽  
Zulfan Adi Putra
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Process Simulation ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Preliminary Study

As the worlds primary source of energy is depleting, an alternative particularly renewable energy is being explored. This work is a preliminary study on fast pyrolysis process of palm kernel shell to produce liquid fuel. The simulation uses pyrolysis data obtained from one of the previous works on fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shell. As there are no literature available on upgrading of bio oil from fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shell, the chemical reactions are synthesised based on upgrading of bio oil from different biomass. The upgraded oil is then analysed by comparing its distillate curve with that of the ASTM of gasoline. The distillation curves are shown to be quite similar as the components found in the oil almost resemble those in the gasoline. Thus, the bio oil from fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shell has almost similar components compared to the ASTM of gasoline.

scholarly journals Study of The Effect of Zeolite Catalyst Use on Renewable Energy Products from HDPE Plastic Pyrolysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Nurull Fanani ◽  
Eky Novianarenti ◽  
Erlinda Ningsih ◽  
Kartika Udyani ◽  
Agus Budianto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
The World ◽  
Energy Products

Nowadays, waste is a serious problem, especially plastic waste, which is quite alarming in the world. Plastic is waste that is difficult to degrade and takes hundreds of years to decompose. One of the promising technologies for recycling plastics is pyrolysis. This is the process of breaking long chains of polymers into hydrocarbons which are carried out at high temperatures. The purpose of this paper was to know the effect of using catalysts and non-catalysts on yield and calorific value. In this study, the pyrolysis process used a natural zeolite catalyst with a temperature of 500ºC. 50 grams of HDPE Plastic feed was put into the reactor for 3 hours. The variations in the addition of Zeolite catalyst were 1.5, 2.5, 3.75 and 5%wt. The results goals that the highest yield was 44.36% and the heating value of 10230.295 cal/g for the addition of 5 grams of catalyst. The addition of a catalyst can increase the conversion of plastic to fuelKeywords: Catalyst, Plastic, HDPE, energy, pyrolysis

scholarly journals CATALYTIC HYDROCRACKING OF WASTE LUBRICANT OIL INTO LIQUID FUEL FRACTION USING ZnO, Nb2O5, ACTIVATED NATURAL ZEOLITE AND THEIR MODIFICATION

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wega Trisunaryanti ◽  
Suryo Purwono ◽  
Arista Putranto
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Catalyst Characterization ◽  
Lubricant Oil ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Fuel Fraction ◽  
Waste Lubricant Oil

Catalytic hydrocracking of waste lubricant oil into liquid fuel fraction using ZnO, Nb2O5, activated natural zeolite (ZAAH) and their modification has been investigated. The zeolite was produced in Wonosari, Yogyakarta. Activation of the zeolite was carried out by refluxing with HCl 3M for 30 min, produced the activated natural zeolite (ZAAH). The ZnO/ZAAH catalyst was prepared by impregnation of Zn onto the ZAAH by ion exchange method using salt precursor of Zn(NO3)2.4H2O. The Nb2O5/ZAAH catalyst was prepared by mixing the ZAAH sample with Nb2O5 and oxalic acid solution until the paste was formed. The impregnation of Zn onto Nb2O5/ZAAH was carried out using the same method to that of the ZnO/ZAAH catalyst resulted ZnO/Nb2O5-ZAAH catalyst. Characterization of catalyst includes determination of Zn metal by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), acidity by gravimetric method and catalyst porosity by Surface Area Analyzer (NOVA-1000). Catalytic hydrocracking was carried out in a semi-batch reactor system using ZnO, ZAAH, ZnO/ZAAH and ZnO/Nb2O5-ZAAH catalysts at 450 oC under the H2 flow rate of 15 mL/min. and the ratio of catalyst/feed = 1/5. The composition of liquid products was analyzed by Gas Chromatograpy (GC).The results showed that impregnation of ZnO and/or Nb2O5 on the ZAAH increased the acidity and specific surface area of catalyst. The products of the hydrocracking process were liquid, coke and gas. Conversion of liquid products was increased by the increase of catalyst acidity. The highest liquid product was produced by ZnO/Nb2O5-ZAAH catalyst, 52.97 wt-%, consist of gasoline, 38.87 wt-% and diesel, 14.10 wt-%.   Keywords: hydrocracking, waste lubricant oil, liquid fuel fraction

scholarly journals Kinetic Study of Gas Formation in Styrofoam Pyrolysis Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
I Dewe Ketut Anom
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Arrhenius Equation ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Gas Formation ◽  
Kinetics Of

This research aims to study the reaction kinetics of gas formation in the pyrolysis of styrofoam waste. Pyrolysis of styrofoam waste without a catalyst takes place at a constant temperature of 180°C. In contrast, the pyrolysis of styrofoam waste by adding a zeolite catalyst took place at a constant temperature of 170°C. The amount of styrofoam waste used in this research sample is 200 grams, and the natural zeolite catalyst is 5 grams. Pyrolysis of styrofoam waste without using a catalyst form a gas at a constant temperature of 180°C, the kinetics of the reaction takes place on the zero-order. This result follows the Arrhenius equation K = Ae10617/RT with an activation energy value (Ea) of 1.27x103 kJ.mol-1. Pyrolysis of styrofoam waste by adding a zeolite catalyst to gas formation at a constant temperature of 170°C also takes place on the zero-order. The equation follows Arrhenius K= Ae4711,5/RT and the activation energy value (Ea) is 5.66x102 kJ.mol-1.

A COMPARISON STUDY OF WATER FILTERING MATERIALSMADE FROM EXTRACTED PALM FRUIT FIBREAND PALM KERNEL SHELL

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2657-2663
Author(s):  
Jamaliah Idris ◽  
Siti Fadira Osman ◽  
Eyu Gaius ◽  
Chukwuekezie Christian
Keyword(s):  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

scholarly journals Facile Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots from Palm Kernel Shell Precursor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1630
Author(s):  
Yakubu Newman Monday ◽  
Jaafar Abdullah ◽  
Nor Azah Yusof ◽  
Suraya Abdul Rashid ◽  
Rafidah Hanim Shueb
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Doped Carbon Dots ◽  
Nitrogen Doped Carbon

Carbon dots (CDs), a nanomaterial synthesized from organic precursors rich in carbon content with excellent fluorescent property, are in high demand for many purposes, including sensing and biosensing applications. This research focused on preparing CDs from natural and abundant waste, palm kernel shells (PKS) obtained from palm oil biomass, aiming for sensing and biosensing applications. Ethylenediamine and L-phenylalanine doped CDs were produced via the hydrothermal and solvothermal methods using one-pot synthesis techniques in an autoclave batch reactor. The as-prepared N-CDs shows excellent photoluminescence (PL) property and a quantum yield (QY) of 13.7% for ethylenediamine (EDA) doped N-CDs (CDs-EDA) and 8.6% for L-phenylalanine (L-Ph) doped N-CDs (CDs-LPh) with an excitation/emission wavelength of 360 nm/450 nm. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show the N-CDs have an average particle size of 2 nm for both CDs. UV-Visible spectrophotometric results showed C=C and C=O transition. FTIR results show and confirm the presence of functional groups, such as -OH, -C=O, -NH2 on the N-CDs, and the X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the N-CDs were crystalline, depicted with sharp peaks. This research work demonstrated that palm kernel shell biomass often thrown away as waste can produce CDs with excellent physicochemical properties.

scholarly journals Simulation of Palm Kernel Shell Gasification for Small Scale Power Generation Using Aspen Plus Software

2021 ◽  
Vol 1051 (1) ◽  
pp. 012054
Author(s):  
N A Najwa Annuar ◽  
N Kamarulzaman ◽  
Z F M Shadzalli ◽  
I H I Abdullah ◽  
P Y Liew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Aspen Plus ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell
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