scholarly journals BRONCHIOLITIS;

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 089-094
Author(s):  
SHAKIL AHMAD ◽  
SADIDA AAMIR ◽  
KHURRAM NAWAZ
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Interventional Study ◽  
Primary Outcome Variable ◽  
Normal Feeding ◽  
Independent University

Objectives: To determine the efficacy of oral salbutamol administration for symptomatic relief in children less than twoyears of age with acute mild bronchiolitis. Study Design: Interventional study. Place and duration of study: Outpatient department ofDepartment of Pediatrics, independent university hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan, from October 2010 to March 2011. Methodology: 160children less than two years of age diagnosed clinically as acute mild bronchiolitis with comparable baseline parameters (age, weight,duration of present illness) were included in the study. They were randomly placed in two groups, Salbutamol Group (SG) (n=80)Placebo Group (PG) (n=80) and were followed daily for first 3 days, then on day 5 and day 7 in outpatient department. Oral salbutamolwas administered (0.1 mg/kg/dose) three times daily for 7 days or till complete resolution of illness, whichever came earlier. Time forresolution of illness (ROI) was primary outcome variable whereas time for resolution of cough, coryza, breathlessness, wheeze,achievement of normal feeding and sleep patterns and salbutamol adverse effects were secondary outcome variables. Results: Meanduration of resolution of illness (ROI) was similar in both groups. (6.1±0.75) days in the salbutamol group and (6.0±0.80) days inplacebo group (p=0.53). There was no significant resolution time difference of secondary outcome variables between the two studygroups. Cough (SG 4.1"0.70, PG 4.1"0.68, P=0.68) Coryza (SG 4.3"0.59, PG 4.2"0.62, P=0.14) Wheeze and Breathlessness (SG3.8"0.60, PG 3.8"0.63, p=0.24) Sleep (SG 4.5"0.40, PG 4.4"0.55, p=0.19) Feeding (SG 4.3"0.59, PG 4.2"0.62, P= 0.14). Salbutamoladverse effects (tremors, irritability) were observed in 13 (16.25%) children in salbutamol group. Conclusions: Oral salbutamoladministration is not superior to placebo in providing symptomatic relief in children with acute mild bronchiolitis.

Fractures in the Pediatric Emergency Department: Are We Considering Abuse?

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1161-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay R. Lavin ◽  
Cody H. Penrod ◽  
Cristina M. Estrada ◽  
Donald H. Arnold ◽  
Benjamin R. Saville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Pediatric Emergency Department ◽  
Emergency Physicians ◽  
Primary Outcome Variable

Approximately one fourths of infant fractures are due to abuse. Recognition of abuse is important to avoid further morbidity/mortality. There is limited knowledge regarding how frequently pediatric emergency department clinicians consider abuse in infants with fractures. Our primary objective was to estimate the percentage of infants with fractures for whom abuse was considered, and to examine characteristics associated with abuse consideration. We performed a retrospective review of infants <1 year of age presenting to a pediatric emergency department. Our primary outcome variable was consideration of abuse. Our secondary outcome measures were identification of predictor variables associated with consideration of abuse. We identified 509 infants meeting study criteria. Pediatric emergency physicians considered abuse in approximately two thirds of infants with fractures. Consideration was more likely to occur in younger infants, in the presence of no history or unwitnessed injury mechanism, when evaluated by male physicians, and emergency department encounters from 12 am to 6 am.

scholarly journals Bronchodilator Response to Salbutamol Delivered by Metered Dose Inhaler with Spacer and Dry Powder Inhaler in Acute Asthma In Children: A Comparative Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Md Saifuddin Khaled ◽  
Firoza Akter ◽  
Khadija Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Shahid Ullah ◽  
Md Hamidur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Acute Asthma ◽  
Dry Powder Inhaler ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Dose Inhaler ◽  
Primary Outcome Variable ◽  
Bronchodilator Response ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Metered Dose

Background: Salbutamol inhalation is the mainstay of treatment for acute exacerbation of asthma. A number of delivery systems for asthma medication have been developed for children, each having its own advantages and disadvantages. This study was done to compare the bronchodilator effect of salbutamol inhalation delivered through metered dose inhaler (MDI) with spacer and dry powder inhaler (DPI) in children presenting with mild and moderate acute asthma. Methodology: Children of 6 to 15 years of age with mild or moderate acute exacerbation of asthma were assessed primarily and randomly distributed into two groups having equal number of patients and received 400micro-gram of salbutamol delivered by either MDI with spacer or DPI device. The primary outcome variable was peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and secondary outcome variables were percent predicted PEFR, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, wheezing and accessory muscle scores. Changes in primary and secondary outcome variables, before and after drug intervention were recorded and subjected to statistical tests for significance. Separate analyses were done for mild and moderate asthma patients. Results: The changes in primary outcome variable (PEFR) in both groups before and after intervention was 179.19 ± 33.27 vs. 197.52 ± 57.01 liters/min and 184.81 ± 59.65 vs. 202.83 ± 64.76 liters/min respectively, which was statistically highly significant (P= 0.001). Similar significant changes were also observed in case of secondary outcome variables. Conclusion: Bronchodilator response to salbutamol in mild or moderate acute asthma in children is similar when equal amount of drug is delivered either through an MDI with spacer or a DPI DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v38i2.21138 Bangladesh J Child Health 2014; VOL 38 (2) : 62-67

scholarly journals Comparison of the Clinical Use of Macintosh and Miller Laryngoscopes for Orotracheal Intubation by Second-Month Nurse Students in Anesthesiology

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somchai Amornyotin ◽  
Ungkab Prakanrattana ◽  
Phongthara Vichitvejpaisal ◽  
Thantima Vallisut ◽  
Neunghathai Kunanont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tracheal Intubation ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Orotracheal Intubation ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Primary Outcome Variable ◽  
Safe Technique ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nurse Students ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

Aim. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical feasibility of Macintosh and Miller laryngoscopes for tracheal intubation in non-experienced users in anesthetized patients.Patients and Methods. 119 patients were randomized into the Macintosh group (59) and the Miller group (60). The primary outcome variable was successful tracheal intubation. The secondary outcome variables were number of insertion attempt, intubation time needed, total time to intubation, hemodynamic change and complications.Results. All patients were successfully intubated using the Macintosh, whereas 13 patients (21.6%) were failed with the Miller (). The Macintosh significantly reduced the mean total time to intubation (). There were significant differences in the mean blood pressure at 2 minutes after laryngoscope insertion, immediately, and 2 minutes after tracheal intubation and in the mean heart rate at the laryngoscope insertion, immediately, and at 2 minutes after tracheal intubation between the two groups. Overall complications in both were not significantly different.Conclusion. Orotracheal intubation using the Macintosh is an effective and safe technique in non-experienced hands with significantly increased success rate as well as decreased mean total time to intubation as compare to the Miller. However, these intubations only apply to selected patients deemed to have normal airways.

DRAIN VERSUS NO DRAIN AFTER LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY-A COMPARATIVE STUDY.

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-83
Author(s):  
Neelesh Bansal ◽  
Simran Simran ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Primary Outcome Variable ◽  
Drain Group ◽  
Calculate Sample Size ◽  
Site Pain

INTRODUCTION Gallstones are the most common conditions encountered in surgical OPD. The prevalence rose with age, except in women of 40-49 years, so that at 60-69 years, 22.4% of women and 11.5% of men had gall stones or had undergone cholecystectomy. With the help of this study, best treatment option for cholecystectomy patient (whether to insert drain or not), was ensured in terms of post lap cholecystectomy collections of bile or blood, drain site pain. The study was provide knowledge whether drain insertion was benecial or harmful to patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS This comparative study was presented to the surgery OPD and emergency department with cholelithiasis within a period of 1 year from the approval of Research committee and Ethics Committee, Adesh institute of medical sciences and research, Bathinda. The primary outcome variable used to calculate sample size is amount of collection on post-operative day 3(Quantitative Variable) in both groups. Total 100 patients were present in this study. RESULT In this present study VAS median grade in patients with drain was G4 (48%), followed by G3(47%) then G2(5%). VAS median grade in without drain group was G2 (48%), followed by G3(31%) and G1(16%). CONCLUSION There is no signicant difference as far as post operative wound infection in laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with drain or without drain. Therefore in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy keeping drain can be avoided as it does not provide any additional benet.

scholarly journals Higher incidence of adverse events in isolated patients compared with non-isolated patients: a cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e035238
Author(s):  
Fátima Jiménez-Pericás ◽  
María Teresa Gea Velázquez de Castro ◽  
María Pastor-Valero ◽  
Carlos Aibar Remón ◽  
Juan José Miralles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
National Study ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Healthcare Associated

ObjectiveTo determine whether isolated patients admitted to hospital have a higher incidence of adverse events (AEs), to identify their nature, impact and preventability.DesignProspective cohort study with isolated and non-isolated patients.SettingOne public university hospital in the Valencian Community (southeast Spain).ParticipantsWe consecutively collected 400 patients, 200 isolated and 200 non-isolated, age ≥18 years old, to match according to date of entry, admission department, sex, age (±5 years) and disease severity from April 2017 to October 2018. Exclusion criteria: patients age <18 years old and/or reverse isolation patients.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome as the AE, defined according to the National Study of Adverse Effects linked to Hospitalisation (Estudio Nacional Sobre los Efectos Adversos) criteria. Cumulative incidence rates and AE incidence density rates were calculated.ResultsThe incidence of isolated patients with AEs 16.5% (95% CI 11.4% to 21.6%) compared with 9.5% (95% CI 5.4% to 13.6%) in non-isolated (p<0.03). The incidence density of patients with AEs among isolated patients was 11.8 per 1000 days/patient (95% CI 7.8 to 15.9) compared with 4.3 per 1000 days/patient (95% CI 2.4 to 6.3) among non-isolated patients (p<0.001). The incidence of AEs among isolated patients was 18.5% compared with 11% for non-isolated patients (p<0.09). Among the 37 AEs detected in 33 isolated patients, and the 22 AEs detected in 19 non-isolated patients, most corresponded to healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) for both isolated and non-isolated patients (48.6% vs 45.4%). There were significant differences with respect to the preventability of AEs, (67.6% among isolated patients compared with 52.6% among non-isolated patients).ConclusionsAEs were significantly higher in isolated patients compared with non-isolated patients, more than half being preventable and with HAIs as the primary cause. It is essential to improve training and the safety culture of healthcare professionals relating to the care provided to this type of patient.

It Does Matter If You Win or Lose, and How You Play the (Video) Game

2020 ◽  
pp. 155541202091376
Author(s):  
Vanessa Hemovich
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Helping Behavior ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Primary Outcome Variable ◽  
Primary Determinant ◽  
Pro Social Behavior ◽  
Screen Condition

Most violent video game (VVG) research focuses on aggressive behaviors as the primary outcome variable of interest. Using pro-social behavior as the dependent variable, this study explores factors beyond VVG content as a contributing factor to player outcomes. Participants were randomly assigned to play VVG or non-VVG content with viewing screens obstructed by large pieces of paper to increase difficulty, or unobstructed. Screen condition accounted for 34.5% of the variance in pro-social behavior of helping to retrieve spilled pens. Players in obstructed viewing conditions experienced more in-game losses and engaged in significantly less helping behavior. Fewer pens were retrieved by participants in obstructed viewing conditions while playing either a VVG or non-VVG. The present study cautions against generalized assumptions that VVG content is a primary determinant of behavior and underscores the role of important contextual factors like failure and achievement loss to consider in future studies of this nature.

scholarly journals Peak expiratory flow rate in children aged 6 to 14 years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gunasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Age Group ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Outcome Variable ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: The objective of this study was to record the PEFR values in children aged between 6 to 14 years.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 1205 children aged 6 to 14 years in department of paediatrics at a medical college hospital. In a pre-structured questionnaire, the age, sex and PEFR values were recorded. PEFR was considered as primary outcome variable. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis.Results: Total of 1205 children, 51% were boys and 49% were girls. Ninety children of age 6 years ranged between 60 to 200 with 111.1±29.4 and 7 years ranging from 70 to 210 with 136.3±30.5. One hundred and five of age 8 years had 156.9±33.3 ranging from 90 to 230 and 126 of age 10 years with 195.7±38.8 ranging from 110 to 290. Mean PEFR for boys increased with their age and was greater than girls.Conclusions: The overall mean PEFR values for the age group 6 to 14 years was 225±90.07 l/min. Boys have higher PEFR value than girls of the same age group. Hence, PEFR values in this study can be used clinically as reference value for children aged 6 to 14 years.

scholarly journals Feasibility of the Big 5—Jena eCS Protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moisés F. Molina-Fuentes ◽  
Rotraud Neumann ◽  
Wilhelm Behringer ◽  
Marcus Franz ◽  
P. Christian Schulze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Left Atrial Appendage ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Big 5 ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Arch Of The Aorta

Abstract Purpose The most common protocols in the initial diagnostic of acute ischemic stroke do not assess cardiogenic or aortic causes of embolism. These are usually evaluated later by transthoracic (TTE) or transesophageal (TEE) echocardiography. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a diagnostic tool for thoracic cardiovascular thrombi according to the first experience with a new extended cardio-stroke protocol (Big 5—Jena eCS protocol) in acute stroke patients. Methods Retrospective analyses of the tomography scans database of the Jena University Hospital were performed. We included a total of 67 patients in the feasibility analyses, based on the evaluation of three outcomes. Results Primary outcome: the Big 5—Jena eCS protocol was able to detect thoracic cardiovascular thrombi in a total of 20 patients in different locations including the arch of the aorta, the aortic valve, the left atrium, the left atrial appendage, the left ventricle, and the pulmonary arteries. Secondary outcome: implementating the protocol did not result in a significant elevation of the radiation exposure compared to traditional protocols. Tertiary outcome: the new protocol identified seven cases that were considered negative by echocardiography. Conclusion The implementation of an extended cardio-stroke protocol is feasible, no significantly time-consuming, acquiring assessable imaging, and maintaining radiation exposure acceptable. The Big 5—Jena eCS protocol was also able to detect some thrombi not reported by TTE or TEE; however, due to our data’s explorative character, a conclusive comparison with cardiac ultrasound is not possible. A prospective pilot study and clinical trials should be conducted to assess the diagnostic accuracy of this protocol compared to echocardiography and determine the potential impact on diagnostic and treatment decisions.

scholarly journals Kanuka honey versus aciclovir for the topical treatment of herpes simplex labialis: a randomised controlled trial

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e026201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Semprini ◽  
Joseph Singer ◽  
Irene Braithwaite ◽  
Nick Shortt ◽  
Darmiga Thayabaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Medical Grade

ObjectiveTo compare New Zealand medical grade kanuka honey with topical aciclovir for the treatment of herpes simplex labialis.DesignProspective parallel randomised controlled open-label superiority trial.Setting76 community pharmacies across New Zealand between 10 September 2015 and 13 December 2017.Participants952 adults randomised within the first 72 hours of a herpes simplex labialis episode.InterventionsRandom assignment 1:1 to either 5% aciclovir cream or medical grade kanuka honey (90%)/glycerine (10%) cream, both applied five times daily.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was time from randomisation to return to normal skin (stage 7). Secondary outcomes included time from randomisation to stage 4 (open wound), time from stage 4 to 7, maximal pain, time to pain resolution and treatment acceptability.ResultsPrimary outcome variable: Kaplan-Meier-based estimates (95% CI) for the median time in days for return to normal skin were 8 (8 to 9) days for aciclovir and 9 (8 to 9) for honey; HR (95% CI) 1.06 (0.92 to 1.22), p=0.56. There were no statistically significant differences between treatments for all secondary outcome variables. No related serious adverse events were reported.ConclusionThere was no evidence of a difference in efficacy between topical medical grade kanuka honey and 5% aciclovir in the pharmacy-based treatment of herpes simplex labialis.Trial registration numberACTRN12615000648527;Post-results

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