scholarly journals Screening for hepatitis b and c viral infections among pregnant women attending the Bolan Medical Complex Hospital and Sandeman Provincial Civil Hospital Quetta, Pakistan.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (07) ◽  
pp. 1328-1334
Author(s):  
Zunera Tanveer ◽  
Irshad Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Shahid Javed ◽  
Shoaib Ahmad Malik ◽  
Nargis Haider Kakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Civil Hospital ◽  
Infection Risk Factors ◽  
One Year

Infectious diseases caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are a worldwide burden to health, especially in developing countries. Pakistan has one of the highest levels of HBV and HCV infection, causing a severe health problem with significant challenges and priorities. To prevent vertical transmission of infection, regular screening of pregnant women for HBV and HCV is vital. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of HBV and HCV virus in pregnant women having prenatal care. Study Design: Cross-Sectional study. Setting: Bolan Medical Complex Hospital and Sandeman Provincial Civil Hospital Quetta. Period: August 2017 to July 2018. Material & Methods: Blood serum samples were screened for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and for anti-HCV using immunochromatography methods. Results: A total of 12,209 pregnant women were tested over a period of one year (August 2017 to July 2018). The overall HBV infections frequency was 1.3% (95% CI 1.1-1.4%) and for HCV infections it was 0.6% (95% CI 0.6-0.7%). Whilst there was only small month-wise variation in the occurrence of HBV and HCV infections, HBV prevalence was highest in May (1.7%) and HCV prevalence was highest in August and December (0.8%). Conclusions: Screening of all pregnant women for HBV and HCV is essential for reducing and eliminating vertical transmission of infection. Risk factors for infection need to be avoided and managed properly.

scholarly journals Serum Concentrations of Selected Organochlorines in Pregnant Women and Associations with Pregnancy Outcomes. A Cross-Sectional Study from Two Rural Settings in Cambodia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7652
Author(s):  
Margit Steinholt ◽  
Shanshan Xu ◽  
Sam Ol Ha ◽  
Duong Trong Phi ◽  
Maria Lisa Odland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Settings

We conducted a cross-sectional study among 194 pregnant women from two low-income settings in Cambodia. The inclusion period lasted from October 2015 through December 2017. Maternal serum samples were analyzed for persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The aim was to study potential effects on birth outcomes. We found low levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCP), except for heptachlors, β-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), heptachlor epoxide, and p,p’-DDE. There were few differences between the two study locations. However, the women from the poorest areas had significantly higher concentrations of p,p’-DDE (p < 0.001) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (p = 0.002). The maternal factors associated with exposure were parity, age, residential area, and educational level. Despite low maternal levels of polychlorinated biphenyls, we found significant negative associations between the PCB congeners 99 (95% CI: −2.51 to −0.07), 138 (95% CI: −1.28 to −0.32), and 153 (95% CI: −1.06 to −0.05) and gestational age. Further, there were significant negative associations between gestational age, birth length, and maternal levels of o,p’-DDE. Moreover, o,p’-DDD had positive associations with birth weight, and both p,p’-DDD and o,p’-DDE were positively associated with the baby’s ponderal index. The poorest population had higher exposure and less favorable outcomes.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Malaria and Hepatitis B Coinfection among Pregnant Women in Tamale Metropolis of Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Kofi Helegbe ◽  
Paul Armah Aryee ◽  
Baba Sulemana Mohammed ◽  
Anthony Wemakor ◽  
David Kolbila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tamale Metropolis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Background. Coinfections are becoming common risk factors that may contribute to the increased burden of morbidity in pregnancy. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of coinfections of malaria, hepatitis B (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and syphilis among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (ANC) in the Tamale Metropolis. Methods. By means of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), pregnant women attending the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH) were screened for malaria, HBV infection, HIV infection, and syphilis from March 2013 to February 2015. Haemoglobin (Hb) values, sickling, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd) statuses were also assessed using full blood count (FBC), sodium metabisulphite, and methaemoglobin reduction tests, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the risks/odds ratios (ORs) for the coinfections and other variables (age, gravidity, and time of the first ANC visit) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and set p values for accepting any differences at <0.05. Results. Within the two-year study period, data were collected from 3,127 pregnant women. The mean age (SD) of the pregnant women was 28.5 (±5.0) years. Of the total number, seroprevalence was high for malaria (11.6%) and HBV infection (4.2%) and low for HIV infection (1.0%) and syphilis (0.4%) monoinfections. Mal/HBV coinfection was higher (0.7%) when compared with Mal/HIV (0.1%), Mal/syphilis (0.0%), HBV/HIV (0.0%), HBV/syphilis (0.1%), and HIV/syphilis (0.0%) coinfections. The mean Hb (g/dl) for the women with the four monoinfections was significantly different from one another (p=0.009). Pregnant women with malaria infection were about 2 times more likely to be coinfected with HBV even after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.04–2.65, p=0.031). Those in their third trimester and visiting the ANC for the first time were significantly less likely to be infected with HBV (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.28–0.73, p=0.001), with malaria/HBV coinfection (AOR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.01–0.68, p=0.020), and with any coinfection (AOR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.06–0.63, p=0.007). Conclusion. A comparatively high seroprevalence of malaria and its coinfection with HBV in pregnant women was observed in this study. Considering the effects that both malaria and HBV have on the liver, it would be expedient to conduct further studies to assess liver function among malaria/HBV-infected individuals, while interventions to prevent coinfections among pregnant women are intensified.

scholarly journals Screening of Thyroid Function in the First Half of Pregnancy

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Shaila Naznine Tania ◽  
Ferdousi Islam
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
One Year ◽  
Serum Tsh

Objective: The study was conducted to find out any alterations in thyroid function status in first half of pregnancy (up to 20 weeks), with ultimate aim of deciding the usefulness of routine screening of thyroid function in pregnancy.Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, over a period of one year from July 2011 to June 2012 on pregnant women in their 1st half of pregnancy to screen for the thyroid function. Based on predefined eligibility criteria, a total of 230 pregnant women were purposively included in the study. Thyroid function status was assessed by measuring serum levels of TSH, free thyroxine (FT4), and free tri-iodothyronine (FT3). Women with thyroid disorders were excluded.Results: The mean age of the patients being 24 years. Over 90% of the women were housewife and majority (88.7%) was educated. Over one-quarter of women was overweight with mean body mass index being 22.1 ± 4.4 kg/m2. The women were predominantly multigravida with 56% in 1st trimester 44% in the 1st half of 2nd trimester of pregnancy (13-20 weeks). Based on trimester’s specific range of serum TSH in the 1st and 1st half of 2nd trimester (13-20 weeks) of pregnancy,13% of the patients were hypothyroid and 3% were hyperthyroid thus yielding a total of 37(16%) pregnant women with abnormal thyroid function status.Conclusion: The study concluded that one in every six women may have thyroid disorder in the first half of pregnancy and subclinical hypothyroidism is four times more common than the subclinical hyperthyroidism.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2014; Vol. 29(1) : 26-31

scholarly journals Assessment of the prevalence of vertical hepatitis B transmission in two consecutive generations

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
Larissa Akeme Nakano ◽  
Jéssica Toshie Katayose ◽  
Rodrigo Martins Abreu ◽  
Luis Cláudio Alfaia Mendes ◽  
Maria Cleusa Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Hepatitis B Transmission ◽  
The Mean

Summary Introduction: Hepatitis B is an important public health problem in the world and one of the forms of contagion would be through vertical transmission. Precose diagnosis allows the adoption of prophylaxis measures, which results in prevention in more than 90% of cases. Objective: To describe the prevalences of vertical transmission and compare two generations (mother/patient and patient/child). Method: This was a cross-sectional study, which included 101 patients. The interviews were performed through the application of the instrument of data collection and information of the physical file before the medical consultation. Results: The mean ± SD of age was 50.9 ± 13.1 years, the male gender predominated, with 56.4% of the patients, and the predominance was white, with 43.6%. Vertical transmission between mother and patient occurred in 17.8% and between patient and child, in 7.9%. In all of the eight cases of vertical transmission, the diagnosis was after the birth of children infected with HBV, and in 3/8 (37.5%), there was more than one case of infection by this mechanism per patient, totaling 13 children with the disease. Conclusion: There was a reduction in vertical transmission, showing that preventive measures were effective.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Identification of Serum Markers Associated with Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B in Pregnant Women in Yaounde, Cameroon

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucien Honore Etame Sone, PhD ◽  
Roger Ahouga Voufo, MSc ◽  
Henriette Thérèse Dimodi, PhD ◽  
Michel Kengne, PhD ◽  
Cédric Gueguim, MSc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
District Hospitals ◽  
B Virus

Objective: To determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection in pregnant women and identify markers associated with vertical transmission of HBV.Methods: Prospective and cross-sectional study over 10 months on 298 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in the Cité Verte and Efoulan District hospitals in Cameroon.A dry tube blood collection was performed on all pregnant women and babies born to HBsAg-positive mothers. Serum from the women was used to test for HBsAg through immunochromatography and then confirmed by ELISA.The test for HBeAg, HBeAb and HBcAb and dosage of transaminases were performed on the serum of HBsAg-positive women. Only HBsAg was tested in babies within 24 hours after birth.Results: HBsAg was present in 23 (7.7%) mothers while 275 (92.3%) tested negative.Due to loss to followup, we assessed vertical transmission in 20 babies born to20 mothers. In all, eight babies tested HBsAgpositive; six mothers tested positive with HBeAg; 10 mothers with HBeAb and two were simultaneously infected with HBV and HIV.Conclusion and Global Health Implications: HBeAg and increase in liver transaminases were serum markers associated with the vertical transmission of HBV while HBeAb and anti-HIV therapy were protective markers.There is need to systematically screen all pregnant women for hepatitis B, follow up those that are positive, and administer a dose of gammaglobulin anti-HBs to their children to reduce the risks of chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (CHC) and curb mortality and morbidity due to viral hepatitis B.Keywords: Hepatitis B Virus • Serum Markers • Vertical Transmission • Cell Hepatocellular Carcinoma • CameroonCopyright © 2017 Etame et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Social and obstetric inequalities and vaccination in pregnant women

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (suppl 4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara de Carvalho Oliveira ◽  
Thales Philipe Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Gustavo Velásquez-Melendez ◽  
Larissa Loures Mendes ◽  
Eunice Francisca Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Variables

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the association of socioeconomic level and obstetric characteristics with vaccine registration of pregnant women. Methods: cross-sectional study, performed with 480 women in puerperal. Vaccination of pregnant women was considered a dependent variable and as independent variables were age, skin color, education, steady union, paid work, and number of prenatal consultations. Association between variables was verified by the Poisson’s regression model. Results: from 480 pregnant women’s health cards, 10.63% had information on hepatitis B vaccination; 31.46% for tetanus; and 90% of the health cards had not register for influenza. There was an association of paid work and number of prenatal consultations with hepatitis B vaccination. Conclusions: lower percentages in absence of vaccination occurred in women who were in the job market and had a higher number of prenatal consultations. This suggests that socioeconomic inequalities may interfere with the vaccination of pregnant women in health services.

scholarly journals Management of hepatitis B infected pregnant women: a cross-sectional study of obstetricians

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie D. Chao ◽  
Chrissy M. Cheung ◽  
Ellen T. Chang ◽  
Allison Pei ◽  
Samuel K. S. So
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional
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