scholarly journals Evaluation of bile duct stones extracted by ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography).

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1732-1736
Author(s):  
Waseem Sarwar Malghani ◽  
Azmat Ullah Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bile Duct Stones ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Residential Status ◽  
Pure Cholesterol

Objective: To determine the frequency of different types of gallstones on ERCP stone extraction from bile duct. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Gastroenterology of the Nishtar Hospital Multan. Period: September 2019 to October 2020. Material & Methods: Patients with bile duct stones on imaging of either sex aged 18 – 70 years were included in our study while patients with IHD, malignancies, liver cirrhosis, asthma, TB, COPD, ILD and pregnant women were excluded from our study. During ERCP the gross appearance of extracted stones and related findings were noted. Results: Our study included 139 patients meeting inclusion criteria, of these 139 study cases, 49 (35.3%) were male and 90 (64.7%) were female patients with bile duct stone. Mean age was 45.78 ± 12.05 year (range; 27 – 68 years). Of these 139 study cases, 56 (40.3%) were from rural areas, 83 (59.7 %) were from urban areas, 52 (37.4%) had poor socioeconomic status and 87 (62.6%) were from middle income family background. Diabetes was noted in 35 (25.2%), hypertension in 53 (38.1%) and obesity in 32 (23 %) (Mean BMI was 26.53±214kg/m2). Mean stone size in our study was 15.82 ± 6.34 mm while 78 (56.12 %) had single stones. Pure cholesterol gallstones were noted in 47 (33.8%), mixed cholesterol stones in 71 (51.1%) and brown pigmented gall stones in 21 (15.1%). Conclusion: Mixed cholesterol stones were more frequent followed by pure cholesterol and brown pigmented stones in bile duct gallstones patients. Mixed cholesterol stones were significantly associated with rural residential status and hypertension while brown pigmented stones were residential status, hypertension and obesity.

scholarly journals Multimorbidity Among Migrant and Non-Migrant Ghanaians: The RODAM Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Marzà-Florensa ◽  
Daniel Boateng ◽  
Charles Agyemang ◽  
Erik Beune ◽  
Karlijn A. C. Meeks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Objectives: Multimorbidity is a growing public health concern due to the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases, yet information about multimorbidity in low- and middle-income countries and migrant populations is scarce. We aimed to investigate the distribution and patterns of multimorbidity in rural and urban areas in Ghana and Ghanaian migrants in Europe.Methods: The RODAM cross-sectional study included 4,833 participants. Multimorbidity was defined as presence of multiple non-communicable chronic conditions. Patterns were determined from frequent combination of conditions. Prevalence ratios were estimated by logistic regression.Results: Prevalence of multimorbidity was higher in women and in urban Ghana and Europe. We observed a cardiometabolic pattern in all sites as well as circulatory-musculoskeletal and metabolic-musculoskeletal combinations in Ghana. Multimorbidity prevalence ratios were higher in Europe (men 1.47, 95% CI 1.34–1.59, women 1.18, 1.10–1.26) and urban Ghana (men 1.46, 1.31–1.59, women 1.27, 1.19–1.34).Conclusion: Distribution and patterns of multimorbidity differed by sex and site. With a higher burden of multimorbidity in urban areas, prevention strategies should focus on forestalling its increase in rapidly growing rural areas.

scholarly journals The prevalence of hypertension and its distribution by sociodemographic factors in Central Mozambique: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Matsuzaki ◽  
◽  
Kenneth Sherr ◽  
Orvalho Augusto ◽  
Yoshito Kawakatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Education Levels

Abstract Background Hypertension (HTN) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and its prevalence has been rising in low- and middle-income countries. The current study describes HTN prevalence in central Mozambique, association between wealth and blood pressure (BP), and HTN monitoring and diagnosis practice among individuals with elevated BP. Methods The study used data from a cross-sectional, representative household survey conducted in Manica and Sofala provinces, Mozambique. There were 4101 respondents, aged ≥20 years. We measured average systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) from three measurements taken in the household setting. Elevated BP was defined as having either SBP ≥140 or DBP ≥90 mmHg. Results The mean age of the participants was 36.7 years old, 59.9% were women, and 72.5% were from rural areas. Adjusting for complex survey weights, 15.7% (95%CI: 14.0 to 17.4) of women and 16.1% (13.9 to 18.5) of men had elevated BP, and 7.5% (95% CI: 6.4 to 8.7) of the overall population had both SBP ≥140 and DBP ≥90 mmHg. Among participants with elevated BP, proportions of participants who had previous BP measurement and HTN diagnosis were both low (34.9% (95% CI: 30.0 to 40.1) and 12.2% (9.9 to 15.0) respectively). Prior BP measurement and HTN diagnosis were more commonly reported among hypertensive participants with secondary or higher education, from urban areas, and with highest relative wealth. In adjusted models, wealth was positively associated with higher SBP and DBP. Conclusions The current study found evidence of positive association between wealth and BP. The prevalence of elevated BP was lower in Manica and Sofala provinces than the previously estimated national prevalence. Previous BP screening and HTN diagnosis were uncommon in our study population, especially among rural residents, individuals with lower education levels, and those with relatively less wealth. As the epidemiological transition advances in Mozambique, there is a need to develop and implement strategies to increase BP screening and deliver appropriate clinical services, as well as to encourage lifestyle changes among people at risk of developing hypertension in near future.

scholarly journals Examining the Dietary Diversity of Children in Niger

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2961
Author(s):  
Nafissatou Cisse Egbuonye ◽  
Ariun Ishdorj ◽  
E.L.J. McKyer ◽  
Rahma Mkuu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Child Factors

Malnutrition is a major public health concern in Niger. The stunting rate in children in Niger is over 50%, one of the highest in the world. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine children’s dietary diversity (CDD) and the maternal factors that impact CDD. A total of 1265 mother–child pairs were analyzed. Descriptive analysis was conducted to present maternal and child characteristics. To compare the mean scores of CDD in relation to the region, an independent sample t-test was conducted. A one-way ANOVA test was conducted to evaluate the CDD score by different age groups. A linear regression model was estimated to identify household, maternal and child factors that affect the CDD score. Our results indicate that most of the participants of our survey resided in rural areas and the majority (80.7%) of the mothers had no education. Factors such as region, children’s age, woman’s empowerment, vitamin A intake and wealth index were significant predictors of CDD (p < 0.05). The children residing in rural areas were more likely to have lower CDD scores (p < 0.05) than the children in urban areas, therefore becoming more susceptible to malnutrition.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Correlates of Secondhand Smoking Exposure Among Pregnant and Postnatal Chinese Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUAN YANG ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Haixin Bo ◽  
Dongying Zhang ◽  
Liangkun Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Secondhand Smoking ◽  
Smoking Exposure ◽  
Postnatal Women

Abstract BackgroundInhalation of secondhand smoke during pregnancy and postnatal period is detrimental to developing infants and increases risk for health problems throughout the lifespan. This study examined the prevalence of exposure to secondhand smoke, its correlates, and its association with QOL among pregnant and postnatal Chinese women.MethodsThis multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted between February and October 2019 in China. Participants were pregnant and postnatal women. We assessed associations of frequency and location of secondhand smoking with sample characteristics as well as depression and quality of life based on EPDS and WHOQOL-BREF, respectively.ResultsA total of 992 women participated in the study, of whom, 211 (21.3%, 95%CI=18.7-23.8%) had been exposed to secondhand smoking. Secondhand smoking was most common in public areas (56.4%), and residential homes (20.5%), while workplaces had the lowest rate of secondhand smoking (13.7%). Women with physical comorbidities were more likely to report secondhand smoking exposure, while younger women, women living in urban areas, and those with college or higher education level were less likely to report exposure to secondhand smoking.ConclusionThe prevalence of exposure to secondhand smoking is becoming lower among pregnant and postnatal women in China compared to findings reported in previous studies. Due to the detrimental impact of secondhand smoking on physical health, legal legislation should be promptly enforced to establish smoke-free environments in both public and private urban/rural areas for protection of pregnant and postnatal women, especially those who are physically vulnerable and less educated.

scholarly journals The Quality of Life of Coronavirus Disease Survivors Living in Rural and Urban Area of Riau Province, Indonesia

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Suyanto Suyanto ◽  
Shashi Kandel ◽  
Rahmat Azhari Kemal ◽  
Arfianti Arfianti
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Status ◽  
Rural And Urban Area

This study assesses the status of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among coronavirus survivors living in rural and urban districts in Riau province, Indonesia. The cross-sectional study was conducted among 468 and 285 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) survivors living in rural and urban areas, respectively in August 2021. The St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) was used to measure the HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors. A higher total score domain corresponds to worse quality of life status. Quantile regression with the respect to 50th percentile found a significant association for the factors living in rural areas, being female, having comorbidities, and being hospitalized during treatment, with total score of 4.77, 2.43, 7.22, and 21.27 higher than in their contra parts, respectively. Moreover, having received full vaccination had the score 3.96 in total score. The HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors living in rural areas was significantly lower than in urban areas. Factors such as living in rural areas, female sex, having comorbidities, and history of symptomatic COVID-19 infection were identified as significant predictors for lower quality of life. Meanwhile, having full vaccination is a significant predictor for a better quality of life. The results of this study can provide the targeted recommendations for improvement of HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of Tunisian adolescents: associated gender, environmental and socio-economic factors

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1306-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri ◽  
Habiba Ben Romdhane ◽  
Pierre Traissac ◽  
Sabrina Eymard-Duvernay ◽  
Francis Delpeuch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the nutritional status of Tunisian adolescents and associated factors.DesignA cross-sectional study based on a national stratified random cluster sample.Subjects and methodsIn all, 1295 boys and 1577 girls aged 15–19 years, of whom 28·4 % had already left school. Socio-economic characteristics of the parents, anthropometric measurements, food behaviours and physical activity of the adolescents were recorded during home visits.ResultsPrevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity (WHO/National Center for Health Statistics reference) were, respectively, 8·1 %, 17·4 % and 4·1 % among boys and 1·3 %, 20·7 % and 4·4 % among girls; abdominal obesity was highly prevalent among both sexes. Prevalence of overweight differed by region (from 11·5 % to 22·2 %) and was higher in urban v. rural areas for males (21·7 % v. 10·4 %) but not for females (21·7 % v. 19·2 %). These differences were partially mediated by socio-economic and lifestyle factors for males. For females, influence of cultural factors is hypothesised. In rural areas, overweight was more prevalent among boys of higher economic level households, having a working mother or a sedentary lifestyle; for girls, prevalence increased with the level of education of the mother. In urban areas, prevalence of overweight was related to eating habits: it was higher for boys with irregular snacking habits and for girls skipping daily meals. Urban girls having left school were also more overweight.ConclusionOverweight and abdominal obesity in late adolescence have become a true public health problem in Tunisia with the combined effects of cultural tradition for girls in rural areas, and of rapid economic development for boys and girls in cities.

scholarly journals Diabetes Burden in Urban and Rural Senegalese Populations: A Cross-Sectional Study in 2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Seck ◽  
D. G. Dia ◽  
D. Doupa ◽  
A. Diop-Dia ◽  
I. Thiam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
History Of

Diabetes represents a challenging global health issue in the 21st century. Data from sub-Saharan African populations are scarce and are usually restricted to urban settings. The objective of this study was to compare prevalence and risk factors of diabetes in rural and urban areas in Senegal.Methods.In a community-based survey between January and May 2012, we included 1027 adults aged≥18 years living in northern Senegal. Sociodemographic, clinical, and biological data were collected during household visits. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with diabetes.Results.Mean age of participants was48.0±16.9years and 65.7% were female. Participants from urban area represented 55.7%. The age-standardized prevalence of diabetes was 7.6% (6.0% in men versus 9.0% in women). Prevalence of diabetes was higher in urban areas (8.1%) compared to rural areas (4.6%). Disease awareness rate was 43%. After multivariate analysis, age (OR = 1.63,p=0.001), familial history of diabetes (OR = 1.42,p=0.001), and abdominal obesity (OR = 1.17,p=0.05) were associated with diabetes.Conclusion.Diabetes is frequent in urban and rural areas in Senegal. Awareness rate is very low among populations. Age, family history of diabetes, and abdominal obesity are the main risk factors identified.

Status and disparities of diabetes among urban and rural residents aged 40 years and older: insight from a population-based study in northeast China, 2017–2019

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-213755
Author(s):  
Liying Xing ◽  
Yuanmeng Tian ◽  
Li Jing ◽  
Min Lin ◽  
Zhi Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Haemoglobin A1c ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence

ObjectivesTo evaluate the up-to-date epidemiology of diabetes in northeast China.MethodsThe cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2017 and March 2019 using a multistage, stratified and cluster random sampling method. 18 796 participants (28.9% urban and 71.1% rural) aged ≥40 years were enrolled. Diabetes and pre-diabetes were diagnosed according to the history, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels.ResultsThe prevalence of diabetes was 17.1%, higher in urban than in rural residents (20.2% vs 15.8%, p<0.001). Meanwhile, the prevalence of pre-diabetes was 44.3%, higher in rural than in urban areas (49.4% vs 31.8%, p<0.001). The overall FPG and HbA1c were 6.10±1.94 mmol/L and 5.59%±1.08%. The FPG level was higher in rural area than in urban areas (6.15±1.83 mmol/L vs 5.97±2.18 mmol/L, p<0.001). Among participants with diabetes, 47.5% were aware of their diabetes condition; 39.5% were taking antidiabetic medications and 36.8% of people had their diabetes controlled. The awareness and treatment rates in rural areas were lower than those in urban areas (47.3% vs 57.5%, 34.4% vs 49.5%, p<0.001). Patients with diabetic, especially those in rural areas, tended to have multiple risk factors including hypertension (71.7%), overweight or obesity (69.6%) and dyslipidaemia (52.8%).ConclusionA considerable burden of diabetes was observed in northeast China, with high percentage of untreated diabetes, high prevalence of pre-diabetes, high overall FPG level and multiple uncontrolled risk factors in patients with diabetics. Therefore, region-specific strategies on prevention and management of diabetes should be emphasised.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STH) Infection among Children Aged 2-17 Years in Urban and Rural Areas of Dhaka District in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultana Shahana Banu ◽  
Be-Nazir Ahmed ◽  
Shamim Jubayer ◽  
Sultana Gulshana Banu ◽  
Khorsed Ara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Double Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Study

A multi-staged cross sectional study was conducted among children aged 2 -17 years to assess the level of soil transmitted helminthes (ST H) infections and its relation to socio-demographic characteristics among them. Two thousand children were randomly selected from two rural and four different communities of urban areas of Dhaka district since November 2009 to June 2010. Four different communities classified as higher, medium, poorer and slum/ low socio-economic groups from urban areas were selected on the basis of their place of residence with different socio-economic status. Urban study subjects were again sub grouped into upper (higher and medium socio-economic) and lower (poorer and slum/low socio-economic) classes. Stool specimens of the respondents were collected and tested at the Parasitology department of I E DCR , using the Kato-katz faecal technique for identification of helminthes eggs following their morphology (A. lumbricoides, Ttrichiura, and A. duodenale), and larval stage (S. stercoralis). About 32.15% study population harbored at least one of the four helminthes species. Baseline prevalence of infections and mean parasite loads for Ascaris lumbricoides were 40.61% and 600.80 e/g, for Trichuris trichiura 30.42% and 206.11e/g, and for A. duodenale 6.80% and 78.75 e/g. Three children (0.49%) were positive for Strongyloides stercoralis. Single infection of 78.32 % and double infection of 21.68 % were recorded. Single infection of A. lumbricoides (40.61%) and T trichiura (30.42%) and double infection of A. lumbricoides - T trichiura (18.61%) were more prevalent. T he prevalence of ST H infection was 25.47 % and 38.68 % for rural and urban areas respectively (P<.001). Among urban study subjects, the distribution of ST H infection was 0.0 % in the higher (living in higher socioeconomic areas) (only 3 samples could be collected), 26.75 % in medium (living in medium socio-economic areas), 45.95 % in poorer and 50.54 % in slum/low socio-economic groups. Significantly higher number of ST H infection was observed among lower than that in upper socio-economic classes (P <.001). These results suggest that ST H infections remain a serious health problem among children in Bangladesh and need appropriate prevention and control measures.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v5i2.16933 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2011; 05 (02): 16-22

scholarly journals Decomposing inequality in catastrophic health expenditure for self-reported hypertension household in Urban Shaanxi, China from 2008 to 2013: two waves’ cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e023033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafei Si ◽  
Zhongliang Zhou ◽  
Min Su ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Xin Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Catastrophic Health Expenditure ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveDespite the latest wave of China’s healthcare reform initiated in 2009 has achieved unprecedented progress in rural areas, little is known for specific vulnerable groups’ catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) in urban China. This study aims to estimate the trend of incidence, intensity and inequality of CHE in hypertension households (households with one or more than one hypertension patient) in urban Shaanxi, China from 2008 to 2013.MethodsBased on the fourth and the fifth National Health Service Surveys of Shaanxi, we identified 460 and 1289 households with hypertension in 2008 and 2013, respectively for our analysis. We classified hypertension households into two groups: simplex households (with hypertension only) and mixed households (with hypertension plus other non-communicable diseases). CHE would be identified if out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure was equal to or higher than 40% of a household’s capacity to pay. Concentration index and its decomposition based on Probit regressions were employed to measure the income-related inequality of CHE.ResultsWe find that CHE occurred in 11.2% of the simplex households and 22.1% of the mixed households in 2008, and the 21.5% of the simplex households and the 46.9% of mixed households incurred CHE in 2013. Furthermore, there were strong pro-poor inequalities in CHE in the simplex households (−0.279 and −0.283) and mixed households (−0.362 and −0.262) both in 2008 and 2013. The majority of observed inequalities in CHE could be associated with household economic status, household head’s health status and having elderly members.ConclusionWe find a sharp increase of CHE occurrence and the sustained strong pro-poor inequalities for simplex and mixed households in urban Shaanxi Province of China from 2008 to 2013. Our study suggests that more concerns are needed for the vulnerable groups such as hypertension households in urban areas of China.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document