scholarly journals Abundancia y diversidad genética de Fusarium oxysporum y Trichoderma sp. en musa AAB

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1783-1796
Author(s):  
Carmela Hernandez Domínguez ◽  
José Andrés Vázquez Benito ◽  
Fabian Vázquez Moreno ◽  
Raul Berdeja Arbeu ◽  
Sigfrido David Moráles Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Trichoderma Longibrachiatum ◽  
Trichoderma Sp

Se estudió la ocurrencia y diversidad de especies de Fusarium y Trichoderma en 29 puntos de una parcela de plátano (Musa AAB) en Veracruz, México, durante noviembre de 2017 y abril 2018. La parcela se dividió en dos partes; en la primera se realizó barbecho y eliminación de maleza (procedimiento en cultivo 1) mientras que en la segunda no se realizaron estas actividades (procedimiento en cultivo 2). Se aislaron hongos del suelo colectado en estos sitios usando papa dextrosa y agar (PDA) y K2. Al momento de colectar las muestras se registró la temperatura, precipitación y radiación solar. Los resultados del análisis mostraron 68% más presencia de unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC) en suelos donde no se realizaron labores de cultivo usando K2 a diferencia de suelos donde sí se realizaron éstas usando PDA (32%). También se observó poca cantidad de UFC cuando los valores de temperatura, precipitación y radiación fueron altos. Los análisis moleculares mostraron 65% más abundancia de especies en suelos sin labor comparado con suelos cultivados (35%), seis de 16 aislados de Fusarium fueron Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis y seis de 13 aislados de Trichoderma fueron Trichoderma longibrachiatum en el primer muestreo mientras que nueve de 14 aislados de Trichoderma fueron Trichoderma spirale en el segundo muestreo. El análisis de la diversidad intrapoblacional de siete aislados de Trichoderma spirale, mostraron bandas de 75 a 500 bp en tres locis del genoma en el aislado VB28IT1 con cinco ISSR.

scholarly journals Evaluación in vitro de hongos nematófagos en zonas arroceras de Costa Rica contra el nematodo agallador Meloidogyne javanica

1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Peraza Padilla ◽  
Martha Orozco Aceves ◽  
Alejandro Esquivel Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Trichoderma Sp

Se evaluó el parasitismo in vitro de 14 aislamientos de hongos nematófagos (6 Trichoderma sp., 4 Paecilomyces sp., 2 Fusarium oxysporum, y 2 Monacrosporium sp.) contra juveniles y huevos del nematodo agallador Meloidogyne javanica. Los hongos, de 3 regiones productoras de arroz en Costa Rica, (Pacífico Central, Huetar Atlántica y Chorotega), se aislaron mediante el método de espolvoreado en placas, durante abril del 2008 a agosto de 2009. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con 10 repeticiones por hongo, en agar-agua (AA). Se inoculó una suspensión de 1 a 1,5x10 6 conidios (ufc.ml -1 ) por plato Petri, y al cuarto día se depositó en 0,5 ml una suspensión de 150 juveniles y 100 huevos de M. javanica previamente desinfectados, a temperatura ambiente (23-26°C) y con luz natural. Transcurridas 96 h se contó en cada plato el número de nematodos vivos, muertos ó parasi- tados y de huevos parasitados o no parasitados. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística (RL) para las variables evaluadas, el cual mostró diferencias significativas (p<0,0001) en el desempeño de los hongos evaluados, presentando rangos de entre 10% a 56% en nematodos muertos, de 13% a 79% en nematodos parasitados y de 1% a 96% en huevos parasitados. En general, los hongos del género Trichoderma (Tri1, Tri2, Tri3 y Tri4) fueron los más eficientes en el parasitismo sobre juveniles y huevos de M. javanica.

scholarly journals Diversity of Airborne Fungi at Pepper Plantation Lembah Bidong, Kuala Terengganu

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
NUR AINU FARHAH RABAE ◽  
SALMAN AZIZ ◽  
ASAMOAH FREDERICK OSEI ◽  
SITI NORDAHLIAWATE MOHAMED SIDIQUE
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Significant Economic Loss

Piper nigrum L. is well-known as the king of spices and widely used in various field such as food and medicines. In Malaysia, 98% of pepper production comes from the state of Sarawak. The National Commodity Policy (2011-2020) targets to increase the pepper plantation area from the current 16,331 ha to 20,110 ha by year 2020. However, pepper diseases remain as a major challenge in the pepper industry. A great number of airborne fungi pathogen may contribute to a significant economic loss in pepper production. Therefore, this study aims to morphologically identify the diversity of fungi obtained from air-borne samples in a pepper planation that are capable of causing pepper plant diseases. This experiment was conducted at a pepper plantation near Lembah Bidong, Kuala Terengganu. An Andersen spore sampler was used to collect the fungi spores. Culture based identification were then made. The study resulted in the identification of four genus of fungi such as Fusarium sp, Fusarium semictectum Fusarium oxysporum, Curvularia sp., Penicillium sp. and Trichoderma sp. (Ascomycetes). Further molecular identification will confirm the species of fungal pathogens and more understanding of their population as well as severity.   Keywords: Pepper, Piper nigrum L., air-borne, fungi, Andersen spore sampler

scholarly journals Effect of chemical and biological seed treatments on common bean seeds inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Sayuri Ishizuka ◽  
Renata Rebellato Linhares de Castro ◽  
Maria Heloisa Duarte de Moraes ◽  
José Otavio Machado Menten
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Pathogen Control ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
The Common ◽  
Transmission Test

ABSTRACT: Currently, the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) productivity has been reduced by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli (Fop), the causative agent of Fusarium wilt. Considering the integrated management of diseases, the objectives of the present work were to verify the compatibility between chemical and biological fungicides for Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f. sp. phaseoli Kendrick & Snyder (Fop) control in common bean seeds. In laboratory, the effects of the treatments were evaluated by sanity, germination, seedling total length and seedling dry matter tests. In greenhouse conditions, the emergence speed rate, the percentage of emergence and the rate of pathogen transmission through the pathogen infestation in a substrate to plants were evaluated. Common bean seeds BRS Estilo were artificially inoculated with Fop isolate (IAC 11.299-1). In the seeds’ treatment, the chemical fungicides fludyoxonyl, flutriafol, methyl tiofanate, and biological products of Trichoderma sp. (isolates SF04, GF 422 and strain 1306), separately and mixed, were used. Treatments that promoted the best pathogen control in seeds were the combination of methyl tiophanate with biological products. Both flutriafol and GF 422 isolated and in mixed treatments affected the seeds’ physiological quality. The protective effect of the products was noted in the transmission test, whose Fop incidence was from 5 to 40% in the hypocotyl and from 5 to 30% in common bean roots.

scholarly journals Identificación de especies de cepas nativas de Trichoderma sp. y Bacillus sp. y evaluación de su potencial antagonista in vitro frente al hongo fitopatógeno nativo Moniliophthora roreri en el departamento de Norte de Santander

Respuestas ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Liliana Yanet-Suárez ◽  
Claudia Patricia Cabrales
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Trichoderma Longibrachiatum ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Moniliophthora Roreri

La moniliasis causada por el hongo Moniliophthora roreri es la enfermedad más grave que ataca el cacao, que se presenta en casi todas las zonas del país ocasionando graves pérdidas al agricultor. Se realizó la identificación de la especie de seis cepas del hongo Trichoderma sp. Procedentes de los municipios de: El Zulia, El Tarra, Bucarasica, Cúcuta y el corregimiento de Agua Clara y una cepa bacteriana de Bacillus sp. Aislada en el municipio de Bucarasica, las cuales fueron evaluadas para determinar su potencial antagónico frente a siete cepas nativas del hongo fitopatógeno Moniliophthora roreri aisladas en los municipios: El Zulia, Tibú, Teorama, Sardinata y Bucarasica. Las pruebas de antagonismo que se desarrollaron fueron: plato dual, metabolitos difusibles y plato precolonizado. En todas las pruebas, se empleó un diseño experimental completamente al azar y tres repeticiones por tratamiento. Se pudo establecer que durante los 8 días de evaluación, se ejerció un efecto antagónico e hiperparásitico significativo de (a=0.05) por parte de las cepas de Trichoderma sp. frente las cepas de M. roreri, sólo tres de las seis cepas de Trichoderma sp., mostraron un alto efecto antagónico frente a M. roreri, tanto en forma micelial como metabólica; la cepa bacteriana Bacillus sp., no arrojó resultados positivos en el enfrentamiento. Las cepas del hongo antagónico fueron identificadas como Trichoderma asperellum y Trichoderma longibrachiatum, la cepa bacteriana fue identificada como Bacillus brevis.Palabras Clave: Moniliophthora roreri; Trichoderma sp.; Bacillus sp.; control biológico. 

scholarly journals Biopesticide effect of compost generated from municipal solid waste

2007 ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
R. Nagendran ◽  
Kurian Joseph ◽  
Umayal L.
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Antagonistic Microorganisms ◽  
Indiscriminate Disposal

Indiscriminate disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) creates several environmental andpublic health problems. Composting of MSW involves managing conditions to accelerate thebiological decomposition of some of its organic components. In this process various bacteriaand fungi, break down organic matter into simpler substances. Compost derived from MSWcontains antagonistic microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma sp. AndPseudomonas sp., which can be used to control many soil borne plant pathogens.Germination experiment was carried out to ascertain the influence of the stabilization processof compost derived from MSW on its biopesticide effect when Fusarium oxysporum, a plantpathogenic fungus was introduced into Lycopersicon esculentum (Tomato). Water extract often-year-old compost derived from MSW with heat-treated soil in different proportions wereused in this experiment. The biopesticide effect of compost derived from ten and two-year-oldMSW collected at different depths was evaluated from the number of genninated seeds androot elongated measurement. The compost samples were analysed for moisture content, pH,electrical conductivity, total solids, volatile solids, fixed solids, organic carbon, organicnitrogen, C/N ratio, total phosphate, potassium, and total microbial count to assess thecharacteristics of the compost.Lycopersicon esculentum seeds inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum were placed in Petriplates. Seeds were watered with extracts of ten-year-old compost and heat-treated soil mixedin different proportions. Seeds without inoculation were maintained as control. After 8 days,the number of genninated seeds was observed and root elongated was measured. Then insteadof ten-year-old compost, two-year-old compost was used and the experiment was conductedin the same way.Addition of compost to soil resulted in the suppression of Fusarium wilt caused by Fusariumoxysporum. Microbial antagonism was responsible for this property. It was dependent onnutrient competition involving total micro flora of the soil and compost; and relied on themechanism of general suppression.

scholarly journals ANTAGONISTIC TEST OF RIAU LOCAL FUNGAL ISOLATES AGAINST SOME PATHOGENIC IN CULTIVATED PLANTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
Nia Safitri ◽  
Atria Martina ◽  
Rodesia Mustika Roza
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Sp

Tanaman budi daya merupakan tanaman yang sering diserang oleh cendawan pathogen, sehingga mengakibatkan penurunan populasi dan produksi tanaman. Pengendalian hayati dengan cendawan antagonis merupakan salah satu metode yang paling efektif dan lebih ramah lingkungan dalam menekan pertumbuhan patogen tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antagonis cendawan isolat lokal Riau terhadap beberapa cendawan patogen pada tanaman budi daya. Uji antagonis dilakukan secara in vitro dengan metode dual culture menggunakan lima belas cendawan isolat lokal Riau terhadap Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, Ganoderma philippii, G. boninense, Rigidoporus microporus dan Colletotrichum sansevieria. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 memiliki aktivitas antagonis tertinggi dan isolat FER C1 serta isolat LLB07 hanya memiliki aktivitas antagonis yang tinggi dalam menekan pertumbuhan cendawan patogen. Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan miselium F. oxysporum sebesar 85,30%, G. Philippii (100%), G. boninense (100%), dan C. sansevieria (100%). Isolat FER C1 hanya menghambat R. Microporus (50,39%) dan isolat LLB07 menghambat G. philippii (52,20%). Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 merupakan cendawan uji yang terpilih sebagai cendawan antagonis, karena memiliki kemampuan daya hambat  >70%.Abstract Cultivated plants are often attacked by pathogenic fungi resulting in a decline of population and crop production. Biocontrol with antagonistic fungi is one of the most effective and environmentally friendly methods in suppressing the growth of plant pathogens. This study aims to examine the antagonistic activity of local isolates fungi Riau against some pathogenic fungi on cultivated plants. The antagonistic test was performed in vitro by dual culture method using fifteen local isolates fungal Riau against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, Ganoderma philippii, G. boninense, Rigidoporus microporus and Colletotrichum sansevieria. The results showed that Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 isolate exhibited highest activites and  FER C1 and LLB07 isolates exhibited high activities suppressed the growth of the fungal pathogen. Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 isolate inhibited mycelial growth F. oxysporum (85.30%), G. philippii (100%), G. boninense (100%) and C. sansevieria (100%). FER C1 isolate only inhibited R. microporus (50.39%), and LLB07 isolate inhibited G. philippii (52.20%). Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 isolate is test isolates as fungal antagonistic.

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