Temporal Variations in Soil Water Profiles During Discharged Periods Under Oil Palm and Rubber Plantations in Bengkulu, Indonesia

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can enhance tolerance of plants to soil water deficit, whereas morphological observations of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzyme system are poorly studied. The present study thereby evaluated temporal variations of the antioxidant enzyme system in citrus (Citrus tangerina) seedlings colonized by Glomus etunicatum and G. mosseae over a 12-day period of soil drying. Root colonization by G. etunicatum and G. mosseae decreased with soil drying days from 32.0 to 1.0% and 50.1 to 4.5% in 0-day to 12-day, respectively. Compared to the non-AM controls, the AMF colonized plants had significantly lower tissue (both leaves and roots) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion radical (O2â€¢â€“) concentrations during soil water deficit, whereas 1.03â€“1.92, 1.25â€“1.84 and 1.18â€“1.69 times higher enzyme activity in superoxide dismutase, peroxidase (POD) and catalase. In situ leaf H2O2 and root POD location also showed that AM seedlings had less leaf H2O2 but higher root POD accumulation. Furthermore, significantly higher root infection and antioxidant enzymatic activities in plants colonized with G. mosseae expressed than with G. etunicatum during the soil drying. These results demonstrated that the AMs could confer greater tolerance of citrus seedlings to soil water deficit through an enhancement in their antioxidant enzyme defence system whilst an decrease level in H2O2 and O2â€¢â€“.

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Minimum forest cover for sustainable water flow regulation in a watershed under rapid expansion of oil palm and rubber plantations

10.5194/hess-2017-116-sc4 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Anonymous

Keyword(s):

Water Flow ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Forest Cover ◽

Flow Regulation ◽

Rapid Expansion ◽

Rubber Plantations ◽

Water Flow Regulation

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Quantify Piston and Preferential Water Flow in Deep Soil Using Cl− and Soil Water Profiles in Deforested Apple Orchards on the Loess Plateau, China

Water ◽

10.3390/w11102183 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2183 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhiqiang Zhang ◽

Bingcheng Si ◽

Huijie Li ◽

Min Li

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Water Flow ◽

Loess Plateau ◽

Preferential Flow ◽

Chloride Ions ◽

Apple Orchards ◽

The Loess Plateau ◽

Deep Soil ◽

Soil Water Profiles ◽

Preferential Water

Piston and preferential water flow are viewed as the two dominant water transport mechanisms regulating terrestrial water and solute cycles. However, it is difficult to accurately separate the two water flow patterns because preferential flow is not easy to capture directly in field environments. In this study, we take advantage of the afforestation induced desiccated deep soil, and directly quantify piston and preferential water flow using chloride ions (Cl−) and soil water profiles, in four deforested apple orchards on the Loess Plateau. The deforestation time ranged from 3 to 15 years. In each of the four selected orchards, there was a standing orchard that was planted at the same time as the deforested one, and therefore the standing orchard was used to benchmark the initial Cl− and soil water profiles of the deforested orchard. In the deforested orchards, piston flow was detected using the migration of the Cl− front, and preferential flow was measured via soil water increase below the Cl− front. Results showed that in the desiccated zone, Cl− migrated to deeper soil after deforestation, indicating that the desiccated soil layer formed by the water absorption of deep-rooted apple trees did not completely inhibit the movement of water. Moreover, there was an evident increase in soil water below the downward Cl− front, directly demonstrating the existence of preferential flow in deep soil under field conditions. Although pore water velocity was small in the deep loess, preferential water flow still accounted for 34–65% of total infiltrated water. This study presented the mechanisms that regulate movement of soil water following deforestation through field observations and advanced our understanding of the soil hydrologic process in deep soil.

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Solution concentrations of nutrient ions below the rooting zone of a sugar maple stand: relations to soil moisture, temperature, and season

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x93-082 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 617-624 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Xiwei Yin ◽

Neil W. Foster ◽

Paul A. Arp

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Soil Solution ◽

Sugar Maple ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Solution Chemistry ◽

Rooting Zone ◽

Temperature Solution ◽

Turkey Lakes Watershed

Temporal variations of ion concentrations in soil solution were analyzed in relation to soil percolate volume, soil water content, soil temperature, solution chemistry, and season. The study site was an uneven-aged, mature northern tolerant hardwoods dominated by sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) within the Turkey Lakes Watershed, Ontario. Six ions were investigated: nitrate (NO3−), sulfate (SO42−), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+), and ammonium (NH4+). Nitrate concentrations in the soil solution depended on season during the nonfoliage period and responded directly to forest floor percolation, soil water content, and season during the foliage period. Variations of SO42−, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations were mostly attributable to NO3− concentration, and to season to a lesser extent. Concentrations of K+ and NH4+ correlated only weakly to any of the "independent" variables included in the analysis, reflecting a high affinity between these ions and the soil colloids.

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Impact of forest conversion to oil palm and rubber plantations on microclimate and the role of the 2015 ENSO event

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology ◽

10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.01.013 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 252 ◽

pp. 208-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Ana Meijide ◽

Chandra Shekhar Badu ◽

Fernando Moyano ◽

Nina Tiralla ◽

Dodo Gunawan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Enso Event ◽

Forest Conversion ◽

Rubber Plantations

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Estimation and dimulation of sheet run-off

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9760129 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 129 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

JR Ive ◽

CW Rose ◽

BH Wall ◽

BWR Torssell

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Daily Rainfall ◽

Rainfall Events ◽

Run Off ◽

Townsville Stylo ◽

Experimental Values ◽

Water Values ◽

Soil Water Profiles ◽

Surface Sheet

Sheet run-off was estimated for a Townsville stylo-annual grass pasture with 1% slope in the northern Australian monsoonal region by using neutron hydrometry supplemented by gravimetric soil sampling, both carefully timed with respect to the rainfall event. The technique is applicable to run-off and run-on situations. An empirical model was developed and incorporated into a water balance routine in an existing growth model. It relates surface sheet run-off to the soil antecedent water content (top 20 cm) and the standard daily rainfall total; the coefficients of the empirical functions are site specific. For the rainfall events studied, run-off was 37 � 12% of the rainfall. The soil water values simulated with the run-off model included were significantly closer to the experimental values than when run-off was assumed to be zero. This improvement in simulation of soil water profiles was consistent with an improvement in subsequent dry matter simulation.

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Local Perspectives on Ecosystem Service Trade-Offs in a Forest Frontier Landscape in Myanmar

Land ◽

10.3390/land8030045 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 45 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Melanie Feurer ◽

Andreas Heinimann ◽

Flurina Schneider ◽

Christine Jurt ◽

Win Myint ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Forest Products ◽

Well Being ◽

Rubber Plantations ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Land User ◽

The Impact ◽

Local Perspectives

Extensive land use changes in forest frontier landscapes are leading to trade-offs in the supply of ecosystem services (ES) with, in many cases, as yet unknown effects on human well-being. In the Tanintharyi Region of Myanmar, a forest frontier landscape facing oil palm and rubber expansion, little is known about local perspectives on ES and the direct impact of trade-offs from land use change. This study assessed the trade-offs experienced with respect to 10 locally important ES from land user perspectives using social valuation techniques. The results show that while intact forests provide the most highly valued ES bundle, the conversion to rubber plantations entails fewer negative trade-offs than that to oil palm. Rubber plantations offer income, fuelwood, a good microclimate, and even new cultural identities. By contrast, oil palm concessions have caused environmental pollution, and, most decisively, have restricted local people’s access to the respective lands. The ES water flow regulation is seen as the most critical if more forest is converted; other ES, such as non-timber forest products, can be more easily substituted. We conclude that, from local perspectives, the impact of ES trade-offs highly depends on access to land and opportunities to adapt to change.

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Response of soil water hydrochemistry and δ13CDIC to changes in spatio-temporal variations under different land covers in SW China karst catchment

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2019.061 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 925-944 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Peng Wang ◽

Licheng Shen ◽

Xiaohong Chen ◽

Zhijun Wang ◽

Xuan Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Karst Area ◽

Carbonate Content ◽

Carbonate Dissolution ◽

Soil Co2 ◽

Dry Land ◽

Dry Seasons ◽

Land Covers ◽

Spatio Temporal

Abstract Soil water plays a crucial role in biogeochemical processes within karst ecosystems. However, geochemical variations of soil waters under different land covers and the related karst critical zone processes are still unclear. In this study, five land covers, including grassland, dry land, shrub land, reforestation land, and bamboo land in the Qingmuguan karst area of Chongqing Municipality, Southwest (SW) China were investigated in order to better understand the spatio-temporal variations of soil water geochemistry and its controlling mechanisms. The hydrochemistry of soil water and stable carbon isotopic compositions of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC) in soil water were analyzed by a semi-monthly sampling strategy. The results show that there is remarkable spatio-temporal variation in the hydrochemistry and δ13CDIC of soil waters under different land covers in the studied area. Soil waters collected from shrub, dry, and afforestation lands have higher total dissolved solids (TDS), Ca2+, and HCO3− concentrations and heavier δ13CDIC, which is probably associated with the stronger carbonate dissolution caused by higher soil CO2 and carbonate content in soils under these land covers. However, lower TDS, Ca2+, and HCO3− concentrations as well as δ13CDIC values but higher SO42− concentrations are found in soil waters collected from bamboo land and grassland. The reason is that higher gypsum dissolution or oxidation of sulfide minerals and less soil CO2 input occurs in soils under these two land covers. Under the shrub, dry, and afforestation lands, higher concentrations of Ca2+ and HCO3− in soil waters occur in rainy seasons than in dry seasons, which are probably linked to higher CO2 input due to stronger microbial activities and root respiration in the wet summer seasons. In addition, seasonal variations of NO3− concentrations in soil waters from the dry land are observed, and much higher NO3− concentration occurs in the rainy seasons than that in the dry seasons, which suggest that the agricultural fertilization may lead to high NO3− in soil water. On the vertical soil profile, except for the bamboo land, soil waters under different land covers commonly show an increasing trend of main ion concentrations with the increase of depth. This vertical variation of hydrochemistry and δ13CDIC values in soil waters is primarily controlled by the intensity of carbonate dissolution related to carbonate content in soils and soil CO2 production. The soil waters under different land covers have great variations in δ13CDIC values which ranged from −20.68‰ to −6.90‰. Also, the [HCO3−]/([Ca2+] + [Mg2+]), [NO3−]/[HCO3−], and [SO42−]/([Ca2+] + [Mg2+]) molar ratios in soil waters show a large amplitude of variation. This suggested that carbonic acids could not be a unique dissolving agent and sulfuric/nitric acids may play a role in the weathering of carbonate in the Qingmuguan karst area.

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Dissolved organic carbon mobilized from organic horizons of mature and harvested black spruce plots in a mesic boreal region

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-17-581-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 581-595

Author(s):

Keri L. Bowering ◽

Kate A. Edwards ◽

Karen Prestegaard ◽

Xinbiao Zhu ◽

Susan E. Ziegler

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Soil Water ◽

Boreal Forests ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Forest Harvesting ◽

Water Fluxes ◽

Wide Range ◽

Doc Flux

Abstract. Boreal forests are subject to a wide range of temporally and spatially variable environmental conditions driven by season, climate, and disturbances such as forest harvesting and climate change. We captured dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from surface organic (O) horizons in a boreal forest hillslope using passive pan lysimeters in order to identify controls and hot moments of DOC mobilization from this key C source. We specifically addressed (1) how DOC fluxes from O horizons vary on a weekly to seasonal basis in forest and paired harvested plots and (2) how soil temperature, soil moisture, and water input relate to DOC flux trends in these plots over time. The total annual DOC flux from O horizons contain contributions from both vertical and lateral flow and was 30 % greater in the harvested plots than in the forest plots (54 g C m−2 vs. 38 g C m−2, respectively; p=0.008). This was despite smaller aboveground C inputs and smaller soil organic carbon stocks in the harvested plots but analogous to larger annual O horizon water fluxes measured in the harvested plots. Water input, measured as rain, throughfall, and/or snowmelt depending on season and plot type, was positively correlated to variations in O horizon water fluxes and DOC fluxes within the study year. Soil temperature was positively correlated to temporal variations of DOC concentration ([DOC]) of soil water and negatively correlated with water fluxes, but no relationship existed between soil temperature and DOC fluxes at the weekly to monthly scale. The relationship between water input to soil and DOC fluxes was seasonally dependent in both plot types. In summer, a water limitation on DOC flux existed where weekly periods of no flux alternated with periods of large fluxes at high DOC concentrations. This suggests that DOC fluxes were water-limited and that increased water fluxes over this period result in proportional increases in DOC fluxes. In contrast, a flushing of DOC from O horizons (observed as decreasing DOC concentrations) occurred during increasing water input and decreasing soil temperature in autumn, prior to snowpack development. Soils of both plot types remained snow-covered all winter, which protected soils from frost and limited percolation. The largest water input and soil water fluxes occurred during spring snowmelt but did not result in the largest fluxes of DOC, suggesting a production limitation on DOC fluxes over both the wet autumn and snowmelt periods. While future increases in annual precipitation could lead to increased DOC fluxes, the magnitude of this response will be dependent on the type and intra-annual distribution of this increased precipitation.

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