scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF ESTONIAN TRADE PATTERNS

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Grigori Fainstein
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Transport Equipment ◽  
Trade Expansion ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Time Period

This paper describes specialisation dynamics in Estonian export using revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and intra-industry trade (IIT) measures. We analyse the development of the distribution of comparative advantage using descriptive statistics and Galtonian regression. Intra-industry trade dynamic is analyzed using a marginal approach. We generally observe a stable specialization structure of Estonian exports in 2006-2011, along with some changes in specialization in the years following that. Based on the analysis of the RSA index and the Galtonian regression, we can make the conclusion about the diversification of the specialisation structure. The most important component of trade expansion in Estonia within the considered time period is the intra-industry trade. In 2016-2020 there was a significant increase in the specialization shift component in trade dynamic, which indicates the structural changes in Estonian exports. The most essential structural changes during the last five years occurred in such commodity sectors as food and live animals, animal and vegetable oils, as well as machinery and transport equipment, which were caused by the increasing share of specialization shift.

scholarly journals Measuring subnational trade competitiveness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Huber ◽  
Yannick Stiller ◽  
Andreas Dür
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Employment Structure ◽  
Industry Level ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Trade Competitiveness ◽  
The Many

Much research has tried to measure the competitiveness of territorial units such as countries and subnational regions. We propose new measures of subnational trade competitiveness that reflect the economic focus of regions on their country’s comparative advantage. Our approach starts with data on the revealed comparative advantage of countries at the industry level. We then combine these measures with data on the employment structure of regions to arrive at measures of subnational trade competitiveness. In total, we offer data for 1,212 regions across 62 countries and over a time period of 21 years. In this paper, we introduce our measures and provide descriptive evidence that shows the plausibility of these measures. We also discuss some of the many research questions that these data can be used to address.

scholarly journals PERDAGANGAN INTRA-INDUSTRI ASEAN-5 TERHADAP INDIA DAN KOREA SELATAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Utami Baroroh
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Competition Intensity ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Export Product

The aim of this research is to analyze the export product competitive advantage and trade’s flow in Indonesia and ASEAN to India and South Korea. Besides that, this research also mapping the opportunity and threat that show by Indonesian export characteristics through it competency and the composition of export products. The variables that used in this research are the total trade of iron ore, machine, and automotive from each countries, the world’s total trade, and export total from each countries. The methods that used were intra-industry trade (IIT) index and revealed comparative advantage (RCA). The result shows that in general the intra-industry trade for iron ore, machine, and automotive commodities in ASEAN-5 region and also India and South Korea in medium integration level. This implied the low dependency in economy. Besides that, the competition intensity level Indonesia to ASEAN-5 regions, India, and South Korea is decreasingDOI: 10.15408/sjie.v4i1.2292

scholarly journals Effects of comparative advantage on exports: A case study of Iranian industrial subsectors

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 252-259
Author(s):  
Masoud Nonejad
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Standard Industrial Classification ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Time Period ◽  
International Standard Industrial Classification ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
Seasonal Data

One of the informational requirements in planning import and export activities is to an awareness of a country’s comparative advantage in the production of goods and services. The present paper attempts to assess Iran’s Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) in industrial subsectors based on two-digit code of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) and effects of five top subsectors with the highest average of RCA on the total Iranian real industrial exports. RCAs for Iranian industrial subsectors (during 2001-2010) were calculated for 2001-2010 time period and seasonal data (2001- 2010) were collected to estimate the RCA Model. Auto Regressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) Method was employed to investigate the effects of these subsectors on the total Iranian real industrial exports. The econometric results show that the subsectors with highest RCA average have a positive and significant effect on the total Iranian real industrial exports.

scholarly journals DAYA SAING REMPAH INDONESIA DI PASAR ASEAN PERIODE PRA DAN PASCA KRISIS EKONOMI GLOBAL

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwan Hermawan
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
Trade Facilitation ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Export Competitiveness ◽  
Cultivation Technique ◽  
Asean Countries

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat daya saing ekspor rempah Indonesia di pasar ASEAN dan tingkat intensitas persaingan ekspor rempah dari negara-negara ASEAN. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Intra-Industry Trade (IIT), Index of Export Overlap (IEO), dan Index of Export Similarity (IES). Sedangkan data yang digunakan adalah data tahunan periode tahun 2005-2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daya saing rempah Indonesia di pasar ASEAN mengalami perubahan antar periode pengamatan. Pada periode sebelum dan saat krisis ekonomi banyak komoditas rempah Indonesia berdaya saing rendah. Sedangkan pada saat pasca krisis ekonomi kondisi daya saing rempah tersebut mengalami peningkatan, khususnya vanili, kayu manis, jahe, kunyit, safron, timi, daun salam, daun kari, dan lada. Apabila dilihat dari sisi persaingan komoditas rempah negara-negara ASEAN di pasar Indonesia maka intensitasnya cenderung menurun. Lada dari Filipina, vanili dari Thailand, dan cengkeh dari Malaysia dapat menjadi kompetitor yang potensial di pasar rempah Indonesia karena daya saingnya meningkat di saat negara-negara lain menurun. Pemerintah Indonesia dapat melakukan upaya-upaya untuk mempertahankan dan meningkatkan potensi daya saing rempah melalui (a) teknik budidaya yang baik, (b) pengembangan industri hilir, (c) pemanfaatan bursa komoditas, dan (e) perbaikan fasilitasi perdagangan. The study aims at analyzing the level of export competitiveness of Indonesian spices and the intensity level of spices export competitiveness among ASEAN countries. This study used Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Intra-Industry Trade (IIT), Index of Export Overlap (IEO), and Index of Export Similarity (IES) approaches. The data used were time series during 2005-2013. The results showed that in the period before and during economic crises, most of Indonesian spice commodities are considered in the low level of competitiveness. However, that level has improved after the Indonesian economic crises, particularly for some spice commodities such as: vanilla, cinnamon, ginger, saffron, turmeric, thyme, bay leaves, and curry. Seen from the ASEAN countries’ spice commodities in Indonesian market, the level of competitiveness tends to decline in the intensity. Philippines pepper, Thai vanilla, and Malaysian clove may become the potential competitors in Indonesian market showing that those countries have increased the level of competitiveness whereas other ASEAN countries have decreased. Indonesian government should maintain and stimulate the potential spice competitiveness through: (a) an application of good cultivation technique, (b) a development of downstream industry, (c) a utilization of commodity exchange, and (e) an improvement of trade facilitation.

Visualizing bivariate local spatial autocorrelation between commodity revealed comparative advantage index of China and USA from a new space perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2095733
Author(s):  
Sijing Ye ◽  
Changxiu Cheng ◽  
Changqing Song ◽  
Shi Shen
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Trade Relationship ◽  
New Space ◽  
Relationship Structure ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage Index

The development of trade research plays an important role in enhancing the understanding of the trade relationship structure, evolution and relevant driving factors. While there is little research on analyzing and visualizing bilateral trade patterns and the evolution of numerous kinds of commodities. In this paper, we respectively calculate revealed comparative advantage index (RCAI) of each traded commodity of China and USA in 2017. Then the RCAI of thousands of commodities have been mapped to a two-dimensional space and visualized in a grid system by using digital trade feature map method. On that basis, bivariate local spatial auto-correlation features between China – USA have been comprehensively depicted.

scholarly journals   Determinant factors of vertical intra industry trade in agricultural sector: A study of Iran and her main trading partners

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 180-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rasekhi ◽  
S.S. Shojaee
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Linder Hypothesis ◽  
Country Specific

The present study has investigated the country specific determinants of the vertical and total intra-industry trade between Iran and its main trading partners (including 24 countries) in the agricultural products group during the time period 2001–2007. For this purpose, first we have measured the types of the intra-industry trade. Then we have examined the determinants of the vertical and total intra-industry trade in the agricultural sector by using the panel technique. Based on the obtained results, it has confirmed that economic development (both per capita income and HDI) has a positive and significance effect on the Iran’s bilateral intra-industry trade. Also, the results verify the Linder hypothesis. In sum, the Iran’s foreign trade in agricultural sector is mainly based on comparative advantage. Specifically, there is a negative and significant relationship between the revealed comparative advantage and the industry trade. In addition, the endowment of land affects positively the high vertical intra-industry trade. Also according to the results, the size market differences impact the intra-industry trade negatively.  

Structural changes and trade competitiveness in the Indian pharmaceutical industry in product patent regime

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-39
Author(s):  
Varun Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Market Structure ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trade Competitiveness ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Indian Pharmaceutical Industry

Purpose This paper aims to present structural changes and trade competitiveness in Indian pharmaceutical industry in pre and post product patent regime. The study shows the impact of product patent on market structure, ownership, trade, revealed comparative advantage, R&D and mergers and acquisitions. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on secondary data and extensive relevant conceptual and empirical literature review. Findings The study finds that this oligopoly Indian dominant pharmaceutical industry has many challenges ahead such as in R&D expenditure, patent expiration of many major drugs manufactured in Ireland, growing competition in generic global market, bulk drugs dependence on China, rise in the number of M&As, rising costs of new drug discovery and tightening safety and efficacy testing requirements. The smaller firms are likely to act as the contract manufacturers for medium and bigger companies at a lower value chain. The Normalised Revealed Comparative Advantage (NRCA) index was calculated for top exporters of pharmaceutical. It was found that NRCA index of IPI has shown deterioration from 1996 to 2005 and thereafter, improvement except in the year 2009. Switzerland, Belgium and Ireland are the top three countries in NRCA index, which are followed by Germany, the UK and France. Originality/value It attempts to capture recent trends in market structure, comparative advantage indices, R&D, trade, M&A and ownership, especially in new IPR regime. There is a dearth of studies providing detailed analyses of India’s comparative advantage vis-a-vis other leading exporters of pharmaceutical products in the world. The paper would be of value to practitioners and scholars interested in structural changes of IPI, especially in product patent regime. The findings have significant implications for managers and government for future policymaking.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document