scholarly journals Asymmetrical Meter, Ostinati, and Cycles in the Music of Tigran Hamasyan

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C. Schumann
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Music ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Random Occurrence ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Compositional Language ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Made In

Tigran Hamasyan (b. 1987) is an Armenian jazz pianist and composer whose music has been described as “grounded in serious reinterpretations of Armenian culture via his take on Bach, French romantics, jazz, dubstep, metal, and modern electronic music” (".fn_cite_year($manukian_2018).", 637). Hamasyan has recorded thirteen studio albums between the years of 2006–2020, and analyzing these recordings suggests that asymmetrical meter, ostinati, and cycles are not a random occurrence in Hamasyan’s music but rather a crucial component of his compositional language. This article defines three types of cycles—phrasal, structural, and developmental—each of which has a unique compositional function. Another important distinction made in this article is the difference between “complete” and “incomplete” cycles. Complete cycles are those that repeat two metrical layers without disruption until they return to a shared point of alignment, while incomplete cycles are those in which the meter used in one or more of the layers is disrupted before returning to a shared point of alignment. Several of my own transcriptions of Hamasyan’s music are analyzed to discuss how asymmetrical meter, ostinati, and cycles are used to create various formal processes in Hamasyan’s compositions.

Difference mode EXELFS with parallel-detection EELS

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1262-1263
Author(s):  
Michael K. Kundmann ◽  
Ondrej L. Krivanek
Keyword(s):  
Edge Detection ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Edge Structure ◽  
Parallel Detection ◽  
Gain Variation ◽  
Ideal Solutions ◽  
Detector Cell ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Elemental Detection ◽  
Partial Correction

Parallel detection has greatly improved the elemental detection sensitivities attainable with EELS. An important element of this advance has been the development of differencing techniques which circumvent limitations imposed by the channel-to-channel gain variation of parallel detectors. The gain variation problem is particularly severe for detection of the subtle post-threshold structure comprising the EXELFS signal. Although correction techniques such as gain averaging or normalization can yield useful EXELFS signals, these are not ideal solutions. The former is a partial throwback to serial detection and the latter can only achieve partial correction because of detector cell inhomogeneities. We consider here the feasibility of using the difference method to efficiently and accurately measure the EXELFS signal.An important distinction between the edge-detection and EXELFS cases lies in the energy-space periodicities which comprise the two signals. Edge detection involves the near-edge structure and its well-defined, shortperiod (5-10 eV) oscillations. On the other hand, EXELFS has continuously changing long-period oscillations (∼10-100 eV).

scholarly journals XIX. On the difference of meridians of the Royal Observatories of Greenwich and Paris

1827 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 286-296 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Sidereal Time ◽  
Methods Of Calculation ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Made In

In the Philosophical Transactions for 1826, Part II. Mr. Herschel has given a detailed account of observations, which were made in the month of July, 1825, for the purpose of ascertaining the difference of the meridians of the Royal Observatories of Greenwich and Paris, with a computation of these observations, from which the most probable value of the difference of longitude appears to be 9 m 21 s. 6. But I have perceived that in the copy of the observations delivered to him from the Royal Observatory of Greenwich, an error of one second has been committed; as the true sidereal time of the observation made there on 21st July, ought to be 17 h 38 m 57·12 in place of 17 h 38 m 56 s. 10, set down in the Table p. 104, which he informs me was computed at the Observatory, and officially communicated to him from the Astronomer Royal. This error seems to have had its origin in the little Table at the bottom of page 103; for, on subtracting the error of the clock, 47 s. 37, from the time 18 h 8 m 30 s. 40, the true sidereal time is 18 h 7 m 43 s. 03, instead of 18 h 7 m 42 s. 03, there given. The error in the result of that day’s observations, arising from this cause, has been partly compensated by a mistake of three tenths of a second, which has occurred in calculating the combined observations of the same day, the gain of mean on sidereal time being stated to be — 4 s. 54 (pp. 120 and 122), in place of — 4 s. 24. On checking the other observations, a few trifling alterations appear to be necessary upon the Greenwich Table of sidereal time, from the data given along with it. These seem to be occasioned by different methods of calculation, and indeed are hardly worthy of notice. The French astronomers not having given the data on which the calculations of the sidereal times at Paris are founded, they are assumed to be correct.

Neural network processing of radar scanning data array

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.E. Dmitriyev ◽  
D.V. Popov ◽  
V.A. Shakhnov
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Information Value ◽  
Data Array ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Distribution Of Values ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Radar Data Processing ◽  
Made In

This article deals with the digital processing of a matrix radar image. The information received from the radar scanner needs to be transformed to enable visual perception. The article describes the main methods of digital processing of matrix data, presents the images transformed by them. The aim of the article was the development of a radar data processing algorithm that identifies the contours and edges of examined objects. The authors propose an algorithm for isolating the geometric structure of the scanned area. The difference between the processing method and the known analogues is based on the nature of the change in the values of the array being processed and consists in the double operation of extracting the gradient of the distribution of values. The software implementation of the algorithm is made in C++ using methods from an open library of computer vision. The efficiency of the algorithm was estimated based on comparison with the algorithms for determining edges based on linear filtering and neural networks. The results of the work can be used to create software for mobile short-range radar devices. Imaging from object boundaries and their edges provides spatial perception of the image by the operator, and free areas are available for rendering additional information. This solution allows you to combine scanning devices and thereby increase the information value of the result.

Localizing cross-linguistic variation in Tense systems: On telicity and stativity in Swedish and English

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-70
Author(s):  
Björn Lundquist
Keyword(s):  
Romance Languages ◽  
Linguistic Variation ◽  
Verb Morphology ◽  
Reference Time ◽  
Lexical Aspect ◽  
Temporal Interpretation ◽  
Viewpoint Aspect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Made In

It is well known that the aktionsart/lexical aspect of a predicate influences the temporal interpretation and the aspectual marking of a sentence, and also that languages differ with respect to which aktionsart properties feed into the tense-aspect system (see e.g. Bohnemeyer & Swift 2004). In this paper, I try to pin down the exact locus of variation between languages where the stative–dynamic distinction is mainly grammaticized (e.g. English, Saamáka) and languages where the telic–atelic distinction is mainly grammaticized (e.g. Swedish, Chinese and Russian). The focus will be on the differences between English and Swedish, and I will argue that these two languages crucially differ in the nature of Assertion Time (or Topic/Reference Time, Klein 1994, Demirdache & Uribe-Etxebarria 2000): whereas the assertion time in English is always punctual in imperfective contexts, assertion time in Swedish can extend to include minimal stages of events. The Assertion Time is introduced by a (viewpoint) aspect head that is present in both languages, but not phonologically realized. The difference can thus not be ascribed to the presence or absence of overt tense, aspect or verb morphology, or to a special tense value, as argued in one way or other by, for example, Giorgi & Pianesi (1997), Demirdache & Uribe-Etxebarria (2000) and Ramchand (2012). Once this factor (i.e. the nature of Assertion Time) has been isolated, it becomes evident that all verbs in English and Swedish, regardless of telicity or dynamicity, can be assigned either a perfective or an imperfective value. Moreover, I will argue that the English progressive–non-progressive (or ‘simple’) distinction is independent of viewpoint aspect (i.e. the perfective– imperfective distinction) made in, for example, the Romance languages.

scholarly journals XXXIV. Observations on the transit of Ve­nus, June the 6th, 1761, made in Spital-Square; the longitude of which is 4' 11" west of the Royal Observatory at Green­wich, and the latitude 51° 31' 15" north

1761 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 182-183
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Made In

Having measured the diameter of Venus, on the sun, three times, with the object-glass micrometer, the mean was found to be 58 seconds; and but 6/10 of a second, the difference of the extremes.

scholarly journals Towards a Validation Methodology for Macroeconomic Agent-Based Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastiaan Tieleman
Keyword(s):  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Agent Based Models ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Model Classification ◽  
Classification Framework ◽  
The Difference ◽  
To Come

AbstractAgent-based models provide a promising new tool in macroeconomic research. Questions have been raised, however, regarding the validity of such models. A methodology of macroeconomic agent-based model (MABM) validation, that provides a deeper understanding of validation practices, is required. This paper takes steps towards such a methodology by connecting three elements. First, is a foundation of model validation in general. Second is a classification of models dependent on how the model is validated. An important distinction in this classification is the difference between mechanism and target validation. Third, is a framework that revolves around the relationship between the structure of models of complex systems with emergent properties and validation in practice. Important in this framework is to consider MABMs as modelling multiple non-trivial levels. Connecting these three elements provides us with a methodology of the validation of MABMs and allows us to come to the following conclusions regarding MABM validation. First, in MABMs, mechanisms at a lower level are distinct from, but provide input to higher levels of mechanisms. Since mechanisms at different levels are validated in different ways we can come to a specific characterization of MABMs within the model classification framework. Second, because the mechanisms of MABMs are validated in a direct way at the level of the agent, MABMs can be seen as a move towards a more realist approach to modelling compared to DSGE.

Studies on the storage of potatoes II. The temperature conditions inside potato clamps

1950 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Crook ◽  
D. J. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
First Year ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Made In

Continuous records of the temperature of potatoes stored in clamps were made in 1942–3 (one clamp) and in 1943–4 (three clamps). In the first year, the temperatures at various positions in the clamp coverings were also recorded.The temperature at the middle of the potato heap showed a drift with time similar to that of mean air temperature. Deviations of mean air temperature from smooth trend, lasting for about a week, had no effect on the temperature of the potatoes; longerperiod deviations were reflected in the temperature of the potatoes after a lag of about a week. The difference in weekly mean temperature between potatoes and external air averaged about 1–5° C. in 1943–4. In 1942–3 it was greater, increasing to over 20° C. in April, because bacterial rotting of the potatoes following blight infection increased the rate of heat production and caused the clamp to collapse at the end of April.

The prevalence of ethnocentric tendencies in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamgid Ahmed Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Rigorous Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Made In

Purpose – This paper aims to argue that the traditional belief that “consumer ethnocentrism is a phenomenon of the developed countries only” is no longer true. To establish this argument, our study assesses the applicability of the Consumer Ethnocentric Tendencies Scale (CETSCALE) in Bangladesh by judging the unidimensionality feature of the same. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology is based on sample of 788 respondents collected from 27 border and non-border districts of Bangladesh. Findings – Statistically significant results show that for the consumers of border and non-border districts, the original CETSCALE is, to a great extent, applicable as those groups have shown positive attitudes in retaining 12-14 items out of the 17 items of the original scale. However, the groups and the respondents as a whole did not agree with the unidimensionality feature of the CETSCALE. Practical implications – The results of the study show that Bangladeshi consumers prefer to see “Made in Bangladesh” tags when buying consumer products – a significant potential threat that the multinational companies need to address while planning to expand business in Bangladesh. Originality/value – This type of rigorous study on Bangladesh has never been done before. Moreover, the study identifies the difference in ethnocentric behavior of the consumers living in border and non-border areas – a study of ethnocentrism from a different point of view.

The Secular City in Cross-Cultural Perspective

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Cox
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
World Wide ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Historical Movement ◽  
Urban Civilization

This chapter illustrates the rich variety of the secularization process, looking at four cities representing four distinctive regions. These cities include New Delhi, Rome, Prague, and Boston. They represent the march of secularization and urbanization in, respectively, Southeast Asia, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, and the United States. Each of the four has felt the pressure of secularization differently, in part because of their diverse histories. The careers of these cities prove that the emergence of a world-wide urban civilization need not obliterate the distinctive coloration of particular cities or erase the uniqueness of their character. The chapter also demonstrates an important distinction made in an earlier chapter—the difference between secularization as a historical movement and secularism as ideology.

Introduction

The Good Kill ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Marc LiVecche
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Moral Injury ◽  
Psychic Trauma ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Critical Understanding ◽  
Just War Tradition ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Realist Perspective

The introduction provides an overview of the book’s content. Opening with an illustration attending the issue of killing in war, it gestures toward the important link between killing and psychic trauma. To interrogate this linkage, it introduces critical distinctions between different kinds of killing, divergent warfighter attitudes toward killing, various Christian responses to killing and war, and between moral injury and posttraumatic stress disorder. Because it endorses a definition of moral injury as a psychic trauma that occurs when one does something that transgresses a deeply held moral norm, it stresses a critical understanding of the difference between grief and guilt and posits an important distinction between “moral injury” and what it terms “moral bruising.” To elaborate on these distinctions, it introduces the just war tradition as a Christian realist perspective best able to help warfighters navigate the morally bruising battlefield without becoming irreparably injured morally.

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