scholarly journals Efficacy of Immune System Challenges with Tiny Enemy COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Huda S. Jassim
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Active Immunization ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Aged People

The objective of this review article was to discuss the interaction between virus effectiveness and host immune system challenges on the innate and adaptive on how the immune system able to defend against COVID-19 viral infections. Genetically, the COVID-19 is a virus that has genetic material coated by lipid with a crown of protein. The virus that causes COVID-19 is called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus two (SARS-COV-2) and was first detected in humans last December 2019. Primarily, the COVID-19 virus spreads with droplets of saliva or nose discharge when an infected person sneezes or coughs. Most people with a healthy immune system those infected with the COVID-19 virus showed mild to moderate respiratory illness and recovered without needing special treatment. The aged people those had medical problems such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are most likely to develop serious illness. In-conclusion: Little is known about viral clearance, but regulation innate immune response associated with development of adaptive immunity neutralizing antibodies, memory T and B lymphocytes in convalescent patients raises hope for active immunization.

THE EFFECTS OF CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE CLASSROOM OF GUJARAT STATE.

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Om Joshi
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Gujarat State ◽  
Literature Classroom ◽  
Language And Literature

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus.Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. Older people, and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness.Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has taken so many innocent lives, as it spread most of the corner of the world and Gujarat, India oneof them. At present March 2020, most of the institutes and universities do ready to complete the course and repeats the topic in the classroom. As we know that, because of Coronavirus disease (COVID19)University Grants Commission, Health and Family Welfare Department and Education Department, Govt. of Gujaratinstructed to all the institutes and universities to remain closed till further instructions.In this period, researcher wishes to knowthe situation of the English language and literature classroom of Gujarat state. Researcher will refer the online circularsof different institutes and universities of Gujaratstate andwill do the telephonic interviews of English language teachers, based on the data, researcher will discuss the effects of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in English language and literature classroom.

scholarly journals Why there are and will be less deaths in India due to COVID-19: an insight

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3301
Author(s):  
Chincholikar Sanjeev Vasantrao
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Health Organization

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. It has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization which exhibited human-to-human transmissibility and spread rapidly across countries. Older people, and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness. Climate, with temperature, humidity, Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination, immune status of persons, elderly people, uncontrolled co morbid conditions like heart diseases, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, kidney diseases seems to play an important role in spread and severity of corona virus infection. As reported from MOHFW website, the COVID-19 deaths are more in above 60 years of age with comorbidities cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer.

scholarly journals A REVIEW TO SUMMARIZE THE AVAILABLE EVIDENCES ON TURMERIC'S (CURCUMA LONGA) MEDICINAL PROPERTIES TO UNDERSTAND THE SCOPE OF ITS EFFICACY IN THE TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF COVID19 DISEASES.

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Vd. Anagha Kothadia ◽  
Geeta D. Parulkar
Keyword(s):  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Medicinal Properties

The massive outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) across the world, has affected more than 200 countries and territories which was originated in bats and transmitted to humans through unknown intermediate hosts in the Wuhan seafood market, China, in December of 2019. Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. Older people, and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness. However, few broad-spectrum antiviral drugs have been evaluated against COVID-19 in clinical trials, resulted in clinical recovery. There is no system of medicine has any evidence-based treatment for COVID-19 yet and vaccine is recommended. WHO is helping to accelerate drug research. In India, Ministry of Ayush has issued guidelines which contain preventive and remedial information and advisories for the management of COVID19 symptoms. This review has assembled evidences of Turmeric/Curcuma longa which is one of the ingredient of the ayurvedic preventive majors issued by Ministry of Ayush and revealed various routes of administration of Turmeric /Curcuma longa asserted in Ayurvedic Texts as a remedy and additional preventive majors for COVID 19 symptoms.

scholarly journals Chronic microbial infections: Manipulation of host immunity as interventional approach

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Sheikh Mohammad Fazle Akbar ◽  
Md Sakirul Islam Khan ◽  
Shunji Mishiro
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Chronic Viral Infections ◽  
Microbial Infections

Chronic viral infections represent major challenges in contemporary medicine, virology and pharmacology. The virus-bearing hosts are commonly found in every parts of the world and it is extremely difficult to manage these patients. In addition, considerable numbers of these patients develop progressive diseases and severe complications. Finally, most of these patients act as permanent reservoirs of virus. Understandings of viral life cycle during the last decade of 20th century and the first decade of 21st century have allowed development of hundreds of antiviral agents for different diseases. But, the clinical efficacy of these drugs is not yet satisfactory. In addition, virologists have provided conclusive evidences suggesting that eradication of most chronic virus from infected hosts may an unachievable goal. In this context, it is essential to develop alternative, novel, and evidence-based therapeutic maneuver for these patients. Manipulation of host immune system may be one of these approaches. We would discuss about scopes, limitations, and strategies for manipulation for controlling of chronic viral infections. The primary function of the host's immune system is to mount responses that protect the individual from various microbial infections including viruses. Host's immune responses also control the spread and virulence of the viruses [1]. This is applicable to viruses that cause acute infection. After entering the hosts, these viruses are localized in host's tissues, proliferate and induce antiviral immunity. These cellular events may cause damage and destruction of tissues and the host exhibit features of acute inflammatory diseases. However, the viruses are either almost completely eliminated from the hosts or adequately controlled in situ by host's immune systems. However, chronic infection is established by many viruses because the hosts induce improper and uncoordinated immune responses against these viruses. Most viruses cause persistent infection by evading the host immune surveillance mechanism. Both virus-related factors and host-dependent factors are primarily responsible for viral persistency in subjects with chronic viral infections.    doi: 10.3329/blj.v1i1.2620 Bangladesh Liver Journal Vol.1(1) 2009 p.13-19 

scholarly journals Viral Infections, the Microbiome, and Probiotics

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashton Harper ◽  
Vineetha Vijayakumar ◽  
Arthur C. Ouwehand ◽  
Jessica ter Haar ◽  
David Obis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Viral Immunity ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Tract Infections

Viral infections continue to cause considerable morbidity and mortality around the world. Recent rises in these infections are likely due to complex and multifactorial external drivers, including climate change, the increased mobility of people and goods and rapid demographic change to name but a few. In parallel with these external factors, we are gaining a better understanding of the internal factors associated with viral immunity. Increasingly the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome has been shown to be a significant player in the host immune system, acting as a key regulator of immunity and host defense mechanisms. An increasing body of evidence indicates that disruption of the homeostasis between the GI microbiome and the host immune system can adversely impact viral immunity. This review aims to shed light on our understanding of how host-microbiota interactions shape the immune system, including early life factors, antibiotic exposure, immunosenescence, diet and inflammatory diseases. We also discuss the evidence base for how host commensal organisms and microbiome therapeutics can impact the prevention and/or treatment of viral infections, such as viral gastroenteritis, viral hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papilloma virus (HPV), viral upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), influenza and SARS CoV-2. The interplay between the gastrointestinal microbiome, invasive viruses and host physiology is complex and yet to be fully characterized, but increasingly the evidence shows that the microbiome can have an impact on viral disease outcomes. While the current evidence base is informative, further well designed human clinical trials will be needed to fully understand the array of immunological mechanisms underlying this intricate relationship.

scholarly journals Analysis of tests used in detection/diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Apostolou
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Precise Data ◽  
Short Period

Latest weeks the humanity is faced with the spread of a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 that causes a respiratory illness with high mortality rates, COVID-19. Since there is no approved treatment or vaccination against that specific coronavirus the reduce in virus spread is essential. That is based in the use of appropriate tools, enabling the accurate and early detection. Molecular biology and immunological techniques are widely used in order to predict the COVID-19 cases in a very short period of time. These are commonly based either in identification of the SARS-CoV-2’s genetic material or in detection of antibodies that have been produced by the immune system against the virus. Many of the above mentioned tests have been validated and approved by local authorities. However, there are much more companies that provide detection tests, without basic validation processes, contributing in non-precise data. The present review aim to analyze the most common platforms that are used in COVID-19 detection, analyzing their advantages and weaknesses. Therefore, each physician will be equipped with appropriate information required for each test.

scholarly journals Multiantibody Strategies for HIV

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hiatt ◽  
Larry Zeitlin ◽  
Kevin J. Whaley
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Active Immunization ◽  
Robust Immune Response ◽  
Viral Immune Evasion ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
Appropriate Responsiveness

Vaccination strategies depend entirely on the appropriate responsiveness of our immune system against particular antigens. For this active immunization to be truly effective, neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) need to efficiently counter the infectivity or propagation of the pathogen. Some viruses, including HIV, are able to take advantage of this immune response in order to evade nAbs. This review focuses on viral immune evasion strategies that result directly from a robust immune response to infection or vaccination. A rationale for multi-Ab therapy to circumvent this phenomenon is discussed. Progress in the formulation, production, and regulatory approval of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is presented.

scholarly journals Targeting nucleotide metabolism as the nexus of viral infections, cancer, and the immune response

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (21) ◽  
pp. eabg6165
Author(s):  
Yarden Ariav ◽  
James H Ch’ng ◽  
Heather R. Christofk ◽  
Noga Ron-Harel ◽  
Ayelet Erez
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Nucleotide Synthesis ◽  
Effector Functions ◽  
Signaling Mechanisms ◽  
Infected Cells

Virus-infected cells and cancers share metabolic commonalities that stem from their insatiable need to replicate while evading the host immune system. These similarities include hijacking signaling mechanisms that induce metabolic rewiring in the host to up-regulate nucleotide metabolism and, in parallel, suppress the immune response. In both cancer and viral infections, the host immune cells and, specifically, lymphocytes augment nucleotide synthesis to support their own proliferation and effector functions. Consequently, established treatment modalities targeting nucleotide metabolism against cancers and virally infected cells may result in restricted immune response. Encouragingly, following the introduction of immunotherapy against cancers, multiple studies improved our understanding for improving antigen presentation to the immune system. We propose here that understanding the immune consequences of targeting nucleotide metabolism against cancers may be harnessed to optimize therapy against viral infections.

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