scholarly journals Impairment of liver antioxidant defense activity of broiler chickens exposed to benzo[α]pyrene

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
I. K. Latif
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Exogenous Compounds

gainst damage initiated by a variety of endogenous and exogenous compounds. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of Benzo[α]Pyrene (BαP) administration on the liver antioxidant defense system. Chicks were assigned into five equal groups, as control, tricaprylin group and three groups treated with BαP (1.5 μg, 150 μg or 15 mg/kg BW). Five birds were sacrificed at days 7, 14, 21 and 35 from each group. To assess the liver antioxidant defense system, glutathione (GSH) concentration, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were employed. It was found that 15 mg of BαP level create significant increase (P<0.05) in the GSH level, GSH-Px, SOD and CAT activities (18.483, 9.88, 69.44 and 89.88 respectively) of broilers at day 7 post-instillation (p.i.) in compared with control (12.392, 6.51, 41.08 and 50.83). Nevertheless, significant decrease (P<0.05) in the GSH level, GSH-Px, SOD and CAT activities at 21 and 35 days. A key finding from this study is that exposure to BαP may induces oxidative stress on the liver and impair the antioxidant defense system in broilers.

scholarly journals Characteristics of lipid peroxidation processes and factors of the antioxidant defense system in chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
O. V. Smirnova ◽  
V. V. Tsukanov ◽  
A. A. Sinyakov ◽  
O. L. Moskalenko ◽  
N. G. Elmanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase

Background. The problem of gastric cancer remains unresolved throughout the world, while chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) increases the likelihood of its development by 15 times. In the Russian Federation, the incidence of gastric cancer (GC) is among the highest, with it prevailing among males. One of the leading mechanisms in molecular pathology of membranes is lipid peroxidation (LPO). The severity of oxidative membrane damage depends on concomitant diseases, contributing to emergence and progression of pathological processes and development of cancer. Currently, the problem of LPO is unsolved in biological systems.The aim of this study was to investigate the state of LPO and antioxidant defense system in CAG and GC. Materials and methods. The parameters were studied in 45 patients with CAG and 50 patients with GC. The control group included 50 practically healthy volunteers without gastrointestinal complaints, who did not have changes in the gastric mucosa according to the fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy (FEGDS) findings.Results. In patients with CAG, an increase in malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase was found in the blood plasma compared with the control group. In patients with CAG, lipid peroxidation was activated, and the malondialdehyde level increased by 3.5 times relative to normal values. At the same time, the body fought against oxidative stress by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase. All patients with GC showed pronounced oxidative stress in the blood plasma in the form of a 45-fold increase in malondialdehyde. The activity of the main antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase was reduced in GC. Catalase was activated, which indicated pronounced oxidative stress, significant damage to blood vessels, and massive cell death. Glutathione-related enzymes (glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase) and the antioxidant protein ceruloplasmin were activated, which also indicated significant oxidative stress and severe intoxication in patients with GC.Conclusion. Depending on the stage and type of cancer, an in-depth study of lipid peroxidation and factors of the antioxidant defense system can be used to correct therapy and prevent cancer and can serve as markers of progression and prognosis in gastric cancer. 

scholarly journals Cryptococcus neoformans Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase: an Essential Link between Antioxidant Function and High-Temperature Growth

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven S. Giles ◽  
Ines Batinić-Haberle ◽  
John R. Perfect ◽  
Gary M. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Manganese Superoxide

ABSTRACT Manganese superoxide dismutase is an essential component of the mitochondrial antioxidant defense system of most eukaryotes. In the present study, we used a reverse-genetics approach to assess the contribution of the Cryptococcus neoformans manganese superoxide dismutase (Sod2) for antioxidant defense. Strains with mutations in the SOD2 gene exhibited increased susceptibility to oxidative stress as well as poor growth at elevated temperatures compared to isogenic wild-type strains. The sod2Δ mutants were also avirulent in a murine model of inhaled cryptococcosis. Reconstitution of a sod2Δ mutant restored Sod2 activity, eliminated the oxidative stress and temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotypes, and complemented the virulence phenotype. Characterization of the ts phenotype revealed a dependency between Sod2 antioxidant activity and the ability of C. neoformans cells to adapt to growth at elevated temperatures. The ts phenotype could be suppressed by the addition of either ascorbic acid (10 mM) or Mn salen (200 μM) at 30°C, but not at 37°C. Furthermore, sod2Δ mutant cells that were incubated for 24 h at 37°C under anaerobic, but not aerobic, conditions were viable when shifted to the permissive conditions of 25°C in the presence of air. These data suggest that the C. neoformans Sod2 is a major component of the antioxidant defense system in this human fungal pathogen and that adaptation to growth at elevated temperatures is also dependent on Sod2 activity.

Oophorectomy hinders antioxidant adaptation promoted by swimming in Wistar rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulisvaldo Brunno de Oliveira Macedo ◽  
Rand Randall Martins ◽  
Francisco Paulo Freire Neto ◽  
Yonara Monique da Costa Oliveira ◽  
Aldo da Cunha Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
The Brain

Oxidative stress is associated with postmenopause and is also responsible for various metabolic alterations. The redox imbalance observed during ovarian decline can be induced experimentally by bilateral ovariectomy in rats. In addition to hormone replacement, regular moderate physical exercise is indicated to prevent several common postmenopausal diseases. This study aimed to assess the effect of daily swimming on the antioxidant defense system of oophorectomized Wistar rats. Control and oophorectomized groups were submitted to 1 h of daily swimming for 90 days. Levels of lipid peroxidation and glutathione content and the activities of superoxide dismutase enzyme and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes, liver, and brain were assessed every 30 days. The control group exhibited lower lipoperoxidation that was associated with a significant increase in superoxide dismutase enzyme activity, glutathione peroxidase activity, and glutathione content in erythrocytes and liver; however, swimming did not cause changes in antioxidant parameters in the brain over time. The oophorectomized group showed no antioxidant adaptation to daily swimming and had greater oxidative damage in the liver and blood. Our results suggest that ovariectomy hinders antioxidant adaptation in Wistar rats submitted to daily swimming.

scholarly journals Influence of cadmium loading on the state of the antioxidant system in the organism of bulls

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
S. D. Mursjka ◽  
D. F. Hufrij ◽  
I. I. Hariv ◽  
N. D. Levkivska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Young Cattle

This article presents the results of research on the influence of cadmium loading on the state level of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant links of the antioxidant defense system of the organisms of young cattle, such as the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione levels, selenium, vitamins A and E. It was found that feeding bull calves with cadmium chloride at doses of 0.03 and 0.05 mg/kg of body weight helped to reduce both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic link of antioxidant protection (superoxide dismutase 31%, catalase 13%, glutathione peroxidase 23%, reduced glutathione 10%, vitamin A 28%, vitamin E 31%, selenium 20%). Toxic effects of cadmium promotes change in steady-state concentrations of radical metabolites О2–,ОН˙, НО2˙, which, in turn, trigger the process of lipid peroxidation. The lowest level of indicators of antioxidant defense system in the blood of young cattle was registered on the sixteenth and twenty-fourth days of the experiment, which is associated with increased activation of lipid peroxidation and the disturbaance of the balance between the antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation intensity. The activity of the antioxidant defense system in the blood was different for calves fed with cadmium chloride at doses of 0.03 and 0.05 mg/kg of animal mass. The more cadmium chloride in the feed, the lower the activity of the antioxidant defense system of the calves’ organisms was registered. Thus cadmium chloride depresses the antioxidant defense system, which specifically involves lowering the activity of enzymatic links (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic links (reduced glutathione, selenium, vitamins A and E).

scholarly journals The influence of oxidative stress on the state of the antioxidant defense system in the organism of rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
T. V. Martyshuk
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Free Radical Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Free Radical Lipid ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

This article presents the results of research on the influence of oxidative stress on the intensity of the process of lipid peroxidation and the activity of the glutathione system of antioxidant defense in the organisms of rats. Intramuscular injection of 50% solution of tetrachloromethane at a dose of 0.25 ml per100 gof body weight to rats from the experimental group causes activation of the process of free radical lipid oxidation with excessive accumulation of intermediate anf final products of lipid peroxidation. The research results indicate that the development of oxidative stress leads to significant and probable acceleration of the formation and accumulation in the plasma of the rats, in all stages of the experiment, of lipid hydroperoxides and malonic dialdehyde. The highest level of hydroperoxides of lipids in the blood plasma of rats under oxidative stress was on the second day of the experiment, where it was 843 unE/ml, whereas in the control this index was 0.245 unE/ml. During the research into the content of malondialdehyde it was found that in the experimental group of animals it was 2.03 times higher than in the control group on the 5th day. On the 10th and 14th days of the experiment we observed a slight reduction in the levels of lipid hydroperoxides and malondialdehyde. The development of oxidative stress also leads to inhibition of the glutathione system of antioxidant defense in the rats’ organism. This shows the low activity of glutathione peroxidase and the low level of restored glutathione in the blood of the rats from the experimental group. On the 5th day of experiment the activity of glutathione peroxidase and restored glutathione level in the blood of the rats which were injected with carbon tetrachloride was at its lowest, compared with the control these indices decreased respectively by 53% and 51%. On the 10th and 14th days of the experiment the activity of glutathione peroxidase and restored glutathione level in the blood of the rats from the experimental group were slightly increased, but compared to the control they were still significantly lower. Significant disturbances were found in the oxidation-antioxidant balance of the animals under oxidative stress, which is characterized by the activation of the processes of free radical lipid oxidation with excessive accumulation of intermediate and final products and the inhibition of the antioxidant defense system.

scholarly journals Antioxidant status of piglets under nitrate-nitrite load and the action of corrective factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
K. Y. Leskiv ◽  
B. V. Gutyj ◽  
D. F. Gufriy ◽  
V. I. Khalak ◽  
O. G. Demchuk
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Peroxidation Processes

The article presents the results of research on the state of the antioxidant defense system of piglets under nitrate-nitrite toxicosis and the action of corrective factors (methionine, phenarone and methyphene). Nitrate-nitrite load in piglets caused inhibition of the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant defense system, that indicates a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the serum of testing animals. The lowest activity of antioxidant enzymes under chronic nitrate-nitrite toxicosis was on the 60th day of the experiment in the serum of piglets of the control group, where accordingly the activity of superoxide dismutase decreased by 14 %, catalase activity – by 18 %, glutathione peroxidase activity – by 12 %. Lipid peroxidation processes are activated in the blood of animals, namely the level of lipid hydroperoxides and diene conjugates increases under the conditions of experimental nitrate-nitrite load. It should be noted that the highest level of lipid peroxidation products in the serum of piglets with chronic nitrate-nitrite toxicosis was on the 60 th day of the testing, and accordingly the content of lipid hydroperoxides increased by 67 % and diene conjugates – by 33 %. Administration of methionine, phenarone and methyphene under nitrate load contributed to the activation of the antioxidant defense system compared to animals in the control group. The use of antioxidant drugs in sick piglets also contributed to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, as indicated by a decrease in the content of lipid hydroperoxides and diene conjugates in the serum of experimental group. More pronounced antioxidant effect was shown by administrating methyphene. The mechanism of action of phenarone and methyphene is associated with the direct effect of its components on the inhibition of the absorption of metabolites that have a toxic effect on cell membranes of animals. As a result of the adsorbing action of zeolite, which is part of the drugs, in the digestive tract there is a decrease in the concentration of substances that can be substrates for lipid peroxidation, as well as removal of toxic metabolites in the blood, which are prooxidants. This process occurs by osmosis and diffusion of these substances through the capillaries of the microvilli of the small intestine and their subsequent fixation on the sorbent granules.

Skeletal muscle uncoupling-induced longevity in mice is linked to increased substrate metabolism and induction of the endogenous antioxidant defense system

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (5) ◽  
pp. E495-E506 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Keipert ◽  
M. Ost ◽  
A. Chadt ◽  
A. Voigt ◽  
V. Ayala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Redox Signaling ◽  
Defense System ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Substrate Metabolism ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Ectopic expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in skeletal muscle (SM) mitochondria increases lifespan considerably in high-fat diet-fed UCP1 Tg mice compared with wild types (WT). To clarify the underlying mechanisms, we investigated substrate metabolism as well as oxidative stress damage and antioxidant defense in SM of low-fat- and high-fat-fed mice. Tg mice showed an increased protein expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase, markers of lipid turnover (p-ACC, FAT/CD36), and an increased SM ex vivo fatty acid oxidation. Surprisingly, UCP1 Tg mice showed elevated lipid peroxidative protein modifications with no changes in glycoxidation or direct protein oxidation. This was paralleled by an induction of catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, an increased redox signaling (MAPK signaling pathway), and increased expression of stress-protective heat shock protein 25. We conclude that increased skeletal muscle mitochondrial uncoupling in vivo does not reduce the oxidative stress status in the muscle cell. Moreover, it increases lipid metabolism and reactive lipid-derived carbonyls. This stress induction in turn increases the endogenous antioxidant defense system and redox signaling. Altogether, our data argue for an adaptive role of reactive species as essential signaling molecules for health and longevity.

Impact of seasonally frozen soil on germinability and antioxidant enzyme activity of Picea asperata seeds

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihong Qin ◽  
Qing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Frozen Ground ◽  
Subalpine Zone ◽  
Picea Asperata

In the subalpine zone of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau of China, Dragon spruce (Picea asperata Mast.) is commonly used for reforestation. The aim of the present work was to study the effects of seasonally frozen soil on the germination of P. asperata seeds and to investigate whether these effects were associated with resumption of the antioxidant defense system. The nonfrozen treatment resulted in near failure of germination (1%) and was associated with relatively high levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and low activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxide (APX). Germination of P. asperata seeds at 10 cm under the seasonally frozen soil was higher than that at 5 cm by 26%; this higher germination rate was associated with the recovery of SOD, CAT, and APX activities. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in seeds from seasonally frozen treatments were higher than those in the nonfrozen treatment, implying greater lipid peroxidation and that frozen seeds might have suffered from oxidative stress. The results indicate that seasonally frozen soil facilitated the germination of P. asperata seeds and that germination was closely related to the resumption of antioxidant enzymes activity. Overall, these findings suggest that the disappearance of seasonally frozen ground caused by global warming might result in failure of regeneration of P. asperata.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF «METISEVIT» ON THE ACTIVITY OF ENZYME AND NONENZYME LINK OF ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION UNDER THE BULL’S BODY CADMIUM LOADING

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2(66)) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
B.V. Gutyj ◽  
Y. Lavryshyn ◽  
V. Binkevych ◽  
O. Binkevych ◽  
О. Paladischuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Young Cattle

The article contains the research results of the effect of cadmium chloride on the indexes of enzyme and nonenzyme systems of  antioxidant defense system in young cattle, such as the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione levels of vitamins A and E. It is established that feeding calves at a dose of toxicant 0.04 mg / kg activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione levels of vitamins A and E in the blood of experimental animals decreased throughout the experiment. The lowest indicators of antioxidant in the blood of young cattle is set on the twenty -fourth day of the experiment, which is associated with increased activation of lipid peroxidation and the balance between antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation intensity. Given the cadmium load of young cattle it is used a new integrated drug with antioxidant action «Metisevit», which includes metifen, sodium selenite and vitamin E wich is founded as stimulating effects on the activity of antioxidant protection. In particular,it is established probable increase in activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione levels, vitamin A and vitamin E in the blood of young cattle, which has performed cadmium stress. These changes occur through comprehensive action components of the drug «Metisevit» that leads to the normalization of metabolic processes and free radical in the body of the bull. The results of the research indicate antioxidant drug «Metisevit» in the application of its young cattle and the validity of his administration to improve the body's antioxidant status of chronic cadmium toxicosis.

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