QARABAĞ ÇAYLARININ SU EHTİYATLARI

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-37
Author(s):  
R.A. İsmayılov
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Average Observation ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge

Abstract. Karabakh is one of the main regions in Azerbaijan where local water resources are formed. The article calculated the water resources of the area using the data of hydrological observation stations operating on the Karabakh rivers before the occupation. For research and analysis of average annual water discharge, multiyear observation data of hydrological stations operating on the Karabakh rivers were collected and integrated into the SpSS Statistics program. For the study multi-year average observation data of 32 hydrological stations in 20 rivers were collected. In order to determine the exact location of the hydrological stations operating in the area, a map was compiled using the Geographic Information System with reference to the fund and archive materials. In addition, hydrological zoning of the flow was carried out depending on the orographic features of Karabakh. During the analysis, two hydrological regions were identified. The first hydrological region is the Tartarchay-Guruchay hydrological region, and the second region is hakari-Oлchuchay hydrological region. As a result of the study, it was determined that the water resources of the Karabakh rivers are 1.64 km3 , which is 5.31% of the total water resources of Azerbaijan. During the implementation of water management measures in the area, in order to ensure the water security of the area, the resource potential of atmospheric precipitation and river flow for the area was analyzed and maps were compiled. Keywords: Karabakh rivers, hydrological station, water catchment area, water resources, water balance, hydrological zoning

scholarly journals Assessing the impacts of climate change on water resources in the Srepok watershed, Central Highland of Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 524-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Huyen ◽  
Le Hoang Tu ◽  
Vo Ngoc Quynh Tram ◽  
Duong Ngoc Minh ◽  
Nguyen Duy Liem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
The Third ◽  
Central Highland ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge ◽  
Second Period

The Srepok watershed in the Central Highland of Vietnam plays an important role in the economic development of the region. Any harmful effects of climate change on natural resources may cause difficulties for social and economic development in this area. The present study aims to predict and evaluate changes of water resources in the Srepok watershed under the impact of climate change scenarios by using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model. The study used observed weather data from 1990 to 2010 for the first period and climate change scenarios A1B and A2 from 2011 to 2039 for the second period and from 2040 to 2069 for the third period. According to the climate change scenarios of the studied watershed, future minimum and maximum daily average temperature will rise in all climate change scenarios and the amount of annual precipitation will fall in scenario A1B and go up in scenario A2. Based on the simulation results, the annual water discharge in scenario A1B decreased by 11.1% and 1.2% during the second and third periods, respectively, compared with the first. In scenario A2, annual water discharge increased by 2.4% during the second period but decreased by 1.8% during the third period.

scholarly journals SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY AND PROBLEMS OF INCREASING THE ACCURACY OF FLOW ASSESMENT FOR THE TRANSBOUNDARY NARVA RIVER

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
Artem Iukhno ◽  
Tatiana Yakovleva ◽  
Yaroslav Kobears
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Sources Of Uncertainty ◽  
Seasonal Factors ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge

The water regime of the transboundary Narva River has always been constantly addressed by the hydrometeorological community. For many years, at the interstate level (the Russian Federation and the Republic of Estonia), there has been a discussion about the accuracy of flow assessment and the correctness of the methods applicable for these purposes. In some years, the discrepancies between the estimates of the average annual water discharge obtained by the Estonian and Russian sides reach values of 20-27%. Sustainable, reliable water use requires updating approaches and achieving greater unambiguity in the flow assessment. In the presented article, various sources of uncertainty in the Narva river flow assessment as hydrodynamic, seasonal factors and imperfection of existing methods are considered. 

scholarly journals Unravelling Climate and Anthropogenic Forcings on the Evolution of Surface Water Resources in Southern France

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3581
Author(s):  
Camille Labrousse ◽  
Wolfgang Ludwig ◽  
Sébastien Pinel ◽  
Mahrez Sadaoui ◽  
Guillaume Lacquement
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Southern France ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge

In the Mediterranean, climate change and human pressures are expected to significantly impact the availability of surface water resources. In order to quantify these impacts during the last 60 years (1959–2018), we examined the hydro-climatic and land use change evolution in six coastal river basins of the Gulf of Lion in southern France. By combining observed water discharge, gridded climate, mapped land use and agricultural censuses data, we propose a statistical regression model which successfully reproduces the variability of annual water discharge in all basins. Our results clearly demonstrate that, despite important anthropogenic water withdrawals for irrigation, climate change is the major driver for the detected reduction of water discharge. The model can explain 78–88% of the variability of annual water discharge in the study catchments. It requires only two climatic indices that are solely computed from monthly temperature (T) and precipitation (P) data, thus allowing the estimation of the respective contributions of both parameters in the detected changes. According to our results, the study region experienced on average a warming trend of 1.6 °C during the last 60 years which alone was responsible for a reduction of almost 25% of surface water resources.

scholarly journals HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVER RUNOFF IN GEOECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF SURFACE WATER IN THE SLAVSKY DISTRICT, KALININGRAD REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-197
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Spirin
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Hydrological Characteristics ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge

An important issue in geoecological studies of watercourses can be considered the presence of integral and continuous hydrological series. On their basis, most of the hydrological calculations and structures are made, without which high-quality and rational water use is impossible. Unfortunately, in the Kaliningrad region, there are a number of difficulties with obtaining a complete set of recorded results of hydrological monitoring carried out over watercourses. The aim of the work was to collect hydrological information and calculate the main hydrological characteristics of the river flow of some watercourses in the Slavsky region. All the available data on hydrometric observations of the rivers of the considered territory were collected, on the basis of which hydrological series of average annual discharges were compiled. These rivers are: Zlaya, Osa, Matrosovka and Nemoninka. The missing data in the hydrological series of the average annual water discharge of the rivers under consideration were restored. The curves of the provision of average annual expenditures have been built according to the reconstructed data, and the average long-term expenditures, coefficients of variation and coefficients of asymmetry of the studied water bodies have been calculated. The entire methodology was based on the current set of rules for hydrological calculations. The results obtained can play an important role in further geoecological studies of watercourses in the Slavsk region, planning their use and in various project activities to develop water use.

scholarly journals SPATIAL REGULARITIES OF CHANGE IN AVERAGE ANNUAL WATER FLOW OF RIVERs OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 06-14
Author(s):  
O.I. Lukianets ◽  
◽  
O.G. Obodovskyi ◽  
V.V. Grebin ◽  
O.O. Pochaievets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Sediment Runoff ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Annual Water

One of the most important ways of broad territorial generalization of hydrological characteristics is isoline maps, which are used in the calculation of average annual, seasonal, maximum and minimum water runoff, sediment runoff, in assessing water resources or water balance of the studied areas and so on. The purpose of this study is to construct with the help of GIS analytical functions a map of isolines of the average annual water runoff of rivers of Ukraine and analysis of spatial patterns of its changes. For this purpose, a bank of average annual water discharge was established from the beginning of observations up to and including 2015, from 389 hydrological posts located in Ukraine and abroad (Belarus, the Russian Federation, Moldova, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania). The map created according to modern data is of great practical importance for various types of water management design: development of a strategy for the rational use and protection of water resources, planning and implementation of water management measures, optimal regulation of river flow, assessment of hydropower potential of rivers and so on.

Impact of climate change on superficial water resources in the South of France: statistical modelling over historical and future scenario periods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Labrousse ◽  
Sébastien Pinel ◽  
Mahrez Sadaoui ◽  
Wolfgang Ludwig ◽  
Guillaume Lacquement
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Climatic Indices ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge

<p>In the Mediterranean, climate change and human pressures are expected to significantly impact surface water resources. We studied these impacts on the water discharge of six coastal drainage basins of the Gulf of Lions in southern France over the sixty-years period 1959-2018. Our approach was based on statistical analyses of hydrological, climate, land use and water management data. Results suggested that the annual water discharge of the six rivers studied can be predicted with high confidence by only two climatic indices, exclusively calculated from monthly temperature and precipitation data. This is a strong argument that climate is clearly the dominant driver of water discharge trends in the study region. These models also easily allow individual testing of the role of temperatures and precipitations on the evolution of annual water discharge. The latter decreased with about 30-45% in the study catchments over the 1959-2018 period and 25% can be attributed solely to the annual temperatures increase. Considering future projections of different climate models under a RCP 8.5 scenario, which depicts the strongest climatic changes, the annual water discharge could still decrease about 49-87% during the 2006-2100 period. For all models, we furthermore examined the relationships between the observed and simulated climatologies, our climatic indices and the large scale teleconnection patterns in order to better understand the spatial and temporal variabilities in the predicted water discharge series.</p>

scholarly journals Reconstruction of the Ob river runoff using meteorological data.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5-2020) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
A.S. Bulavina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Ob River ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Interannual Fluctuations ◽  
Annual Water Discharge ◽  
Hydrometric Station

The connection of the Ob river flow variability with meteorological parameters in different parts of its catchment area is considered. Areas of the prevailing influence of the air temperature and different types of precipitation on Ob runoff fluctuations were identified. The long-term series of average annual water discharge in the Salekhard hydrometric station for the period 1936–2015 is reconstructed. The reconstructed series reproduces the measured interannual fluctuations and long-term trends of the average annual water discharge and found it to be good.

scholarly journals Space-temporary variability of the winter minimum monthly runoff in the rivers of lake Sevan basin (Armenia)

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Discharge ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Lake Sevan ◽  
Average Annual Runoff ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Monthly Runoff

Formulation of the problem. The paper considers spatial-temporary variability of the winter minimum monthly flow rates of the rivers in the basin of Lake Sevan, as well as air temperature and atmospheric precipitation of the basin. The values of hydrological and statistical characteristics of the winter minimum monthly expenditure have been calculated. Purpose of the work is: to analyze and evaluate the patterns of temporal and spatial changes in the winter minimum monthly water discharge in a number of long-term observations for rivers that flow into Lake Sevan. Methods. The study is based on observation data from 12 hydrological posts of the “Service for Hydrometeorology and Active Impact on Atmospheric Phenomena” of the Ministry of Emergencies of the Republic of Armenia. The following methods were used for this purpose: mathematical-statistical, extrapolation, interpolation, analysis, analogy, correlation. Results. Minimum runoff is one of the main characteristics to be considered when designing hydraulic structures. Duration of winter low-water period is approximately 3-4–5 months on the rivers of the studied territory. It is established from late November – December to February – March. Minimum consumption is mainly found in January-February. However, in some years it is possible in November or March. Based on physical and geographical features of the area, the monthly winter minimum flow rates of the rivers of the Lake Sevan basin are characterized by uneven spatial distribution. Winter monthly minimum consumption ranges widely from 0.015 to 1.68 m3/s. Close correlations between the winter minimum monthly and the average runoff of the winter period and between the winter average minimum monthly runoff and the average annual runoff were also obtained. These relations can be used to obtain the winter minimum monthly consumption of unexplored and little studied rivers of the territory under discussion for a calendar year. A close relationship between them indicates that depending on the low minimum monthly runoff, the average runoff during the winter period is just as low, and vice versa. In the study area, there is a regular increase in the minimum runoff with an increase in catchment areas, as well as with an increase in the weighted average height of the catchment. The variation coefficient of winter minimum monthly consumption is 0.15–0.60 on the territory of the Lake Sevan basin and the asymmetry coefficient is from -0.64 to 1.77. As a rule, there is a regular decrease in the minimum runoff with an increase in catchment areas. The correlation directly proportional relationship has been obtained between the coefficients values of variation and asymmetry of the winter average minimum monthly flow. There is a tendency to an increase in winter average decade decimal consumption in most rivers flowing into Lake Sevan (7 out of 12 studied posts, that is, in 58% of cases) and an increase in air temperatures and precipitation at all currently operating meteorological stations in the basin.

scholarly journals Characterization of Chyulu Hills Watershed Ecosystem Services in South-Eastern Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
John Warui Kiringe ◽  
Francis Mwaura ◽  
Fiesta Warinwa
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Shallow Wells ◽  
Water Provision ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
Annual Water Discharge

<p class="1Body">Water is an important good provided by watersheds and is critical in sustaining life and socio-economic development. This study evaluated water provision in the Chyulu Hills watershed which is one of the important dry land water catchments in Kenya. Surface water discharge was mainly through rivers and springs with the latter being more prevalent than the former while ground water provision was primarily through boreholes and shallow wells. Springs discharged the highest water volume annually estimated at 128.14million m<sup>3</sup> or 85.14% of all the water discharged in the watershed, with shallow wells and boreholes discharging the least water. For all the springs found in the watershed, Mzima springs discharged the highest water volume estimated at nearly 113.15 million m<sup>3</sup> annually or 88.30% of the water produced by all the springs; and about 75.19% of the water in the entire watershed. Rivers which were active had a total water discharge of about 20.66million m<sup>3</sup> per year, with Kibwezi River discharging 17.59 million m<sup>3</sup> annually or 85.14% of all the water from rivers. Shallow wells were mainly prevalent at Nthongoni and the Makindu, and their annual water discharge was about 16.96million m<sup>3</sup> per year with boreholes contributing 98.87% (approximately 16.76 million m<sup>3</sup>/yr.) of the ground water, and the rest (19,169.92m<sup>3</sup>/yr.) being contributed by shallow wells. The total amount of water discharged in the watershed by the combined water source types was about 150.49 million m3/yr.</p>

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