scholarly journals The Effect of Gender on the Bilingual and Bicultural Identity of the Iraqi EFL Learners' Recognition and Production of Request

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. p32
Author(s):  
Mohammed Jasim Betti ◽  
Zainab Kadhim Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
College Of Education ◽  
Bicultural Identity ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Culture Influence ◽  
Linguistic Patterns ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Better Than

This study examines the effect of gender on students' bilingual and bicultural identity in their recognition and production of request is studied. This means that it investigates to what extent the learners’ mother tongue and culture influence their recognition and production of request in the EFL and the effect of gender on such an identity. The study aims at exploring and identifying the linguistic patterns of request in English used by Iraqi EFL learners, those patterns of request transferred from Iraqi EFL learners’ mother tongue, and the Iraqi EFL learners’ cultural patterns and cultural realization of request transferred from Arabic culture into the EFL. Some hypotheses of the study state that there is a bilingual and cultural identity in using request by Iraqi EFL learners, females are better than males in request perception and production and they are worse in Arabic monolingualism and monoculturalism, students are better in English monolingualism and monoculturalism than in the other request features, students’ English monolingual and monocultural identity is more apparent in request perception than in production. To validate or refute its hypotheses, a test comprising recognition and production has been constructed and applied to fifty Iraqi EFL learners at fourth year, Department of English, College of Education for Humanities, University of Thi-Qar at the academic year (2020-2021). After data analysis, some conclusions are arrived at. The study concludes that Iraqi EFL learners are pragmatically incompetent and they have a bilingual and bicultural identity because of their mother tongue and culture interference.

scholarly journals Reverse Transfer Of L2 To L1: The Case Of Code-Switching

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
Shima Ghobadi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Talebinejad
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Reverse Transfer ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
And Control ◽  
Academic Year

Issues related to the learners’ use of the foreign language and the mother tongue (code-switching) in the foreign language classroom and their role in language teaching and learning processes have been a common area of research. This study aimed at investigating Reverse Transfer of L2 to L1.To this end, 50 Iranian intermediate EFL learners (25 males, 25 females) at Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch studies in the second semester of the academic year 2016-2017 were selected through the convenience sampling method. They were then assigned randomly to the experimental and control groups.

What’s Beyond the Language of Apology? A Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Ala’ Al-Qtaishat
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Written Discourse ◽  
Jordanian Arabic ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Linguistic Patterns ◽  
Completion Test ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the realization of the speech act of apology. It seeks to analyze the linguistic patterns used to represent apology from a pragmalinguistic point of view. It aims at presenting an actual insight on the impact of gender and social practices on performing different apology strategies through providing empirical evidence on the impact of the mother tongue on acquiring apology competence by EFL learners. The study made use of the written Discourse Completion Test (DCT) including 20 scenarios administrated to three groups of respondents of both genders: 100 native speakers of Jordanian Arabic, 100 Jordanian EFL learners, and 50 native speakers of American English. The findings revealed that gender has influenced the use of different apology strategies between the males and females of each group. It was also indicated that the sociocultural practices have played a big role in the socio-linguistic realization of apology. This impact was more pronounced throughout the different preference to the use of apology strategies among the three groups. In addition, it was found that there are interlingual hypotheses concerning the foreign language pragmatics prompting the EFL learners to deviate from the native language and English norms of apology. Thus, it was concluded that the mother tongue influence is not the sole source of pragmatic deviations from the second language norms; this influence cannot be described as negative transfer but a creative process done by EFL Learners to master English.

scholarly journals Iraqi EFL Learners' Recognition and Production of English Derivational Suffixes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (132) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Mubdir Shihab Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Choice ◽  
College Of Education ◽  
Multiple Choice Question ◽  
Production Level ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Ibn Rushd ◽  
Recognition Level ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Different Parts

This study aims at testing the Iraqi EFL learners' recognition and production of the derivational suffixes in English and namely, noun, verb, adjective, and adverb. It is hypothesized that the Iraqi EFL learners find difficulty in forming new correct parts of speech from the roots due to their unsureness of the suitable derivational suffixes. Also, they tend to use derivational suffixes with different parts of speech depending on different factors like guessing and generalization. The sample of this study is fourth-year Iraqi students of the Department of English/ College of Education Ibn Rushd/ Universitry of Baghdad of the academic year (2014-2015). To achieve the aim of this study a test, which comprises two questions, has been constructed. A multiple-choice question at the recognition level and a completion question at the production level are constructed. The findings of the test show that Iraqi EFL university learners face difficulty in recognizing and producing the derivational suffixes of different parts of speech. In the light of the results, some conclusions have been drawn and a number of recommendations and suggestions have been presented.

scholarly journals Strategies Used by Iraqi EFL Students To Process English Idioms

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (119) ◽  
pp. 33-52
Author(s):  
كمال حازم حسين ◽  
اشرف عبد الواحد ذنون
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
College Of Education ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Difficult Part

Idioms are considered to be a type of phraseological units which are largely figurative in nature and widely used in human languages. In fact, the level of command of idioms serves as an important indicator of language proficiency. Many non-native learners of English do their best to be fluent and have a native-like proficiency; this entails, among other things, a good mastery of multiple words expressions in general and idioms in particular. Perhaps the most difficult part in learning idioms for EFL learners is learning both literal and figurative meanings of these expressions. The present research attempts to investigate the strategies used by Iraqi EFL learners of English to identify the meaning of unfamiliar idioms. To achieve the aim of the present research, it is hypothesized that there is no statistically significant difference among EFL university students as far as the guessing strategies are concerned. To examine the validity of this hypothesis, a sample was chosen from the second–year students at the Department of English (College of Education for Humanities / University of Mosul) during the academic year 2012-2013. The sample consisted of 39 students. Since the present research requires preparation of two tools, the researchers designed an idiom familiarity questionnaire and a questionnaire to identify the strategies used by the subjects to infer the meaning of idioms. The results reveal that there is statistically significant difference among EFL university students as far as the guessing strategies are concerned.                                                           

scholarly journals The Iraqi EFL Learners’ Use of Permission, Obligation and Prohibition

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Mohammed Jasim Betti ◽  
Zainab Kadim Igaab ◽  
Muna Talib Hussein Al-Ghizzi
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
College Of Education ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Different Types ◽  
University College ◽  
Recognition Level ◽  
Better Than

The study aims at specifying the different types of directives available in the literature about speech acts; showing their relationship; and investigating the ability of the Iraqi EFL learners to recognize and produce the aforementioned speech acts. To validate the hypotheses of the study, a test is used to measure the ability of the fourth year subjects, at Thi-Qar University, College of Education for humanities, to recognize and produce permission, obligation and prohibition. It is hypothesized that the Iraqi EFL learners’ performance at the recognition level is better than that at the production of permission, obligation and prohibition; their performance of permission at both the recognition and production levels is better than that of obligation and permission; they tend to use some specific linguistic forms which are characteristic of the types of directives. The study concludes that the subjects’ performance at the recognition and production levels do not reveal a moderate mastering of permission, obligation and prohibition. In spite of that, their recognition level is better than their production and they have weaknesses at the pragmatic level of the selected directives.

scholarly journals Pronunciation Errors Committed by EFL Learners in the English Department in Faculty of Education - Sana'a University

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-72
Author(s):  
Fazee Almuslimi
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Consonant Cluster ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Fourth Level ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
The Common ◽  
Language Exposure ◽  
Faculty Of Education ◽  
Academic Year

Abstract This study aimed to, first, investigate the common pronunciation errors committed by EFL fourth level learners in the Department of English, Faculty of Education-Sana'a, Sana’a University, in the academic year 2019-2020; second to find out the reasons of producing mispronounced segments among University students when speaking; third to offer possible solutions that may help Yemeni students overcome pronunciation difficulties. The sample was 30 students selected randomly. Also, ten teachers were part of the sample in which they were given a close-ended questionnaire. A descriptive method was used to carry out the study. For gathering data, a close-ended questionnaire and a test were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science). The study concluded that EFL learners mispronounce certain phonemes that are in a mismatch with word orthography and consonant cluster. Moreover, vowels were mispronounced by students. The strongest factors that contribute to this problem, according to this study, were due to learners' mother tongue interference, and other causative factors such as limited language exposure. The study recommends that teaching should focus more on pronunciation along with preparing suitable material. Keywords: pronunciation errors, learners, EFL

Getting EFL Learners to Speak: Obstacles and Solutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Eulis Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Education ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
English Competence ◽  
Academic Year

This research investigates how process of speaking instruction takes place at IAIN SMH Banten. There are three main issues in the research problems: the process of teaching speaking, obstacles found in the teaching and learning process, and what efforts do they make to solve the obstacles in speaking. The process of teaching speaking discusses materials, preparation, procedures or steps in teaching speaking while obstacles and solutions discuss the speaking barriers that the students faced in speaking class and how they minimize the barriers. By applying descriptive qualitative research design to students of fourth semester in academic year 2014/2015, the result shows that the focus of speaking instruction at the fourth semester of English education department of IAIN SMH Banten seemed to let the students speak, without any language skills discussion as the feedback. At the same time, during the process of speaking instruction there are some problems faced by students. The first is  problem of limited English Competence dealt with students poor of vocabulary and the second is problems of psychological factors.

Efektivitas Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Berbantuan CD Pembelajaran, CD Interaktif Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ek Ajeng Rahmi Pinahayu ◽  
Aulia Ar Rakhman Awaludin ◽  
Purni Munah Hartuti
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Interactive Media ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Interactive Data ◽  
Variant Analysis ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling ◽  
Better Than

The study aims to determine the effectiveness of mathematics learning achievement for students who are subject to the Problem Based Learning model assisted by CD Learning and CD Interactive as well as Conventional learning models on flat-build material. The population in this study were seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 223 Jakarta Timur in the academic year 2017/2018. By using selected cluster random sampling techniques VII 3 as the control class, VII 6 and VII 7 respectively as the experimental class PBL models assisted CD learning and assisted PBL models CD Interactive. Data were obtained by documentation and tests, then analyzed by Normality, Homogeneity, One-way Variant Analysis (ANOVA), Two-party and One-party Similarity Test. The results showed that there were significant differences between mathematics learning achievement of students who were taught by learning using PBL models assisted by CD Interactive, PBL models assisted by CD learning and conventional learning. Learning achievement of students who get learning using CD Interactive media is better than students who get conventional learning. Likewise, the learning achievements of students who get learning using CD Learning, media are better than students who get conventional learning. In addition, there were no significant differences between the mathematics learning outcomes of students who were taught using PBL models assisted by CD Interactive and students using PBL models assisted by CD Learning.

A cross-linguistic study of metacommunication in online hotel reviews

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-470
Author(s):  
Irene Cenni ◽  
Patrick Goethals ◽  
Camilla Vásquez
Keyword(s):  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Service Failure ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Service Encounter ◽  
Service Encounters ◽  
Correct Information ◽  
Linguistic Patterns

AbstractIn this study, we focus on a specific form of metacommunication found in an emerging digital genre: Hotel reviews posted on TripAdvisor. In particular, we investigate how tourists represent their service encounter interactions. The main goal of the present study is to identify what these digital metacommunicative practices reveal about communicative norms and expectations among groups of reviewers writing in three different languages. We analyzed a multilingual dataset of 1800 reviews written in English, Dutch, and Italian. The results reveal that reviewers commented upon a broad range of aspects when evaluating service encounters interactions, for instance, describing the quality of the interaction (e.g. polite, correct), or a lack of communication when a specific type of communication is expected (e.g. absence of greetings, or apologies after a service failure). Further, we found similar cross-linguistic patterns, such as appreciation for being able to communicate in one’s mother tongue during the hotel-guest encounter. At the same time, a few differences across languages emerged, such as the preference for precise and correct information within British reviews. Since service interactions are of fundamental importance for customer satisfaction, our findings contribute not only to the current research on metacommunication in digital contexts, but may also be significant for service providers in the hospitality industry.

scholarly journals Communicative efficiency and differential case marking: a reverse-engineering approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (s3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Levshina
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Conditional Probabilities ◽  
Case Marking ◽  
Poisson Models ◽  
Linguistic Patterns ◽  
Cue Reliability ◽  
Communicative Efficiency ◽  
Cue Availability ◽  
Probabilistic Measures ◽  
Better Than

Abstract The use of differential case marking of A and P has been explained in terms of efficiency (economy) and markedness. The present study tests predictions based on these accounts, using conditional probabilities of a particular feature given the syntactic role (cue availability), and conditional probabilities of a particular syntactic role given the feature in question (cue reliability). Cue availability serves as a measure of markedness, whereas cue reliability is central for the efficiency account. Similar to reverse engineering, we determine which of the probabilistic measures could have been responsible for the recurrent cross-linguistic patterns described in the literature. The probabilities are estimated from spontaneous informal dialogues in English and Russian (Indo-European), Lao (Tai-Kadai), N||ng (Tuu) and Ruuli (Bantu). The analyses, which involve a series of mixed-effects Poisson models, clearly demonstrate that cue reliability matches the observed cross-linguistic patterns better than cue availability. Thus, the results support the efficiency account of differential marking.

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