scholarly journals Food Imports in India: Prospects, Issues and Way Forward

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpita Mukherjee ◽  
Divya Satija ◽  
Soham Sinha ◽  
Angana Parashar Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Regulatory Impact Analysis ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Ease Of Doing Business ◽  
Clearance Process

India is one of the fastest growing markets in the world. Among the various sectors contributing to the growth of the economy, food is one of the fastest growing sectors owing to factors such as a large population base, rising middle-class, increase in per-capita income, and greater consumer awareness. Demand for imported food products is increasing due to factors such as reduction in tariffs, changes in consumer preferences and growing adaptability to international cuisine. Several initiatives have been taken by the Indian government in recent years to improve the ease of doing business and reduce the compliance burden through use of technology. Despite these initiatives, India’s ranking compared to other countries in some selective indicators such as documentary and border compliance and logistics performance is quite low. To improve ease of doing business, reduce cost and time taken in importing food products, and improve India’s ranking in logistics performance indicators, there is an urgent need for backend process and information technology (IT) integration across the agencies involved in the import clearance process. Given this background, the objective of this paper is to (a) provide an overview of the food import clearance process in India, (b) identify issues in the import process and (c) make recommendations on how to streamline the process using technology and automation. The paper is based on a survey of key stakeholders engaged in the food import clearance process. Based on a primary survey of 150 stakeholders in the United Kingdom and India, this paper finds that while India is an attractive market for importing food; low penetration of technology in the food import clearance process, lack of inter-agency coordination, and lack of risk management systems impedes the ease of importing food products into India. This paper recommends that in order to enhance ease of doing business, especially for SMEs, there is need to reduce procedural barriers by implementing technology and automation-oriented solutions, and a robust risk management system. In addition, there is a need to conduct continuous regulatory impact analysis to assess the time and cost reduction in importing food into India.JEL classification: F10, F13, L66, O38

Benefit-Cost Analysis in EU Chemicals Legislation: Experiences from over 100 REACH Applications for Authorisation

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavros Georgiou ◽  
Christoph M. Rheinberger ◽  
Matti Vainio
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Cost Analyses ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Impact Analysis ◽  
Societal Relevance ◽  
Regulatory Impact ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Reach Regulation

In this paper we review the benefit-cost analyses (BCAs) made to support applications for authorisations under the EU’s REACH Regulation on hazardous chemicals. Experiences from over 100 cases suggest that there are a number of informational and methodological challenges to overcome in these BCAs. In particular, we find that many REACH applicants have had problems explaining the societal relevance of the regulatory impacts expected to affect them and other market actors. Adapting the framework for regulatory impact assessment proposed by Dudley et al. [(2017). Consumer’s Guide to Regulatory Impact Analysis: Ten Tips for Being an Informed Policymaker. Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis, 8, 187–204], we discuss these impacts from a welfare economics perspective and make suggestions on how to improve current practices in BCA applied to chemicals risk management. From this discussion we then distill a number of topics that deserve more attention in applied BCAs under the REACH Regulation.

Ease of Doing Business and Its Impact on Inward FDI

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Tareq Hossain ◽  
Zubair Hassan ◽  
Sumaiya Shafiq ◽  
Abdul Basit
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Least Square Regression ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Ease Of Doing Business ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Starting A Business

This study investigates the impact of Ease of Doing Business on Inward FDI over the period from 2011 to 2015 across the globe. This study measures ease of doing business using starting a business, getting credit, registering property, paying taxes and enforcing contracts. The research used a sample of 177 countries from 190 countries listed in World Bank. Least square regression model via E-views software used to examine causal relationship. The study found that ease of doing business indicators ‘Enforcing Contracts’ was found to have a positive significant impact on Inward FDI. Nevertheless, ‘Getting Credit’ and ‘Registering Property’ were found to have a negative significant impact on Inward FDI. However, ‘Starting a Business’ and ‘Paying Taxes’ have no significant impact on Inward FDI in the studied timeframe of this research. The findings of the study suggested the ease of doing business enables inward FDI through better contract enforcements, getting credit and registering property. The findings of the research will assist international managers and companies to know the importance of ease of doing business when investing in foreign countries through FDI.

A Study on Consumers’ Awareness on Goods and Services Tax

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
A. Hilary Joseph ◽  
D. Kanakavalli
Keyword(s):  
Tax Reform ◽  
Subsequent Stage ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Value Addition ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Late Night ◽  
Single Tax ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Ease Of Doing Business ◽  
The One

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) -- India's biggest tax reform since independence formally launched in Parliament by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Pranab Mukherjee came into force after 17 tumultuous years of debate, unifying more than a dozen central and state levies.  The new tax regime was ushered at the late night of 30th June and came into force on 1st July 2017.  The one national GST unifies the country's USD 2 trillion economy and 1.3 billion people into a common market.  As commented by Mr.Modi, GST is not just tax reform but its economic reform. GST is a way forward in the ease of doing business.  In the language of law, it is called the goods and services tax, but the benefit of GST is really a Good and Simple Tax. Good because multiple taxes will be removed. Simple because it requires just one form and is easy to use.  GST is a single tax on the supply of goods and services, right from the manufacturer to the consumer.  Credits of input taxes paid at each stage will be available in the subsequent stage of value addition, which makes GST essentially a tax only on value addition at each stage. The final consumer will thus bear only the GST charged by the last dealer in the supply chain, with set-off benefits at all the previous stages.  It renders numerous benefits to different parties such as business and industry, central and state governments and the ultimate consumers.  An effort is made to understand the consumers’ awareness on Goods and Services Tax. Everything that is introduced will attract agitation and unrest among different group of people and they can easily be overcome by designing programmes to clarify the objections of renowned economists.  GST will sure to have success when the confidence of every individual Indian citizens have obtained.

scholarly journals Consumer Preferences for Private Label Brand vs. National Brand Organic Juice and Eggs: A Latent Class Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7028
Author(s):  
Ellen J. Van Loo ◽  
Fien Minnens ◽  
Wim Verbeke
Keyword(s):  
Orange Juice ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Latent Class Model ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Private Label ◽  
National Brand ◽  
Major Barrier

Many retailers have expanded and diversified their private label food product assortment by offering premium-quality private label food products such as organic products. With price being identified as the major barrier for organic food purchases, private label organic food products could be a suitable and more affordable alternative for many consumers. While numerous studies have examined consumer preferences for organic food, very few organic food studies have incorporated the concept of private labels. This study addresses this research gap by studying consumer preferences and willingness to pay for national brand and private label organic food using a latent class model. Specifically, this study analyzes consumer preferences for organic eggs and orange juice and the effect of national branding versus private label. Findings show heterogeneity in consumer preferences for production method and brand, with three consumer segments being identified based on their preferences for both juice and eggs. For eggs, about half of the consumers prefer private label and organic production, whereas one-quarter clearly prefers organic, and another quarter is indifferent about the brand and the organic production. For orange juice, the majority (75%) prefer the national brand. In addition, one-quarter of the consumers prefers organic juice, and about one-third values both organic and the national brand.

scholarly journals Taste Beats Reputation in New Food Products Choice: The Case of Ready-to-Eat Pomegranate among Young Consumers in Veneto Region (Italy)

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Alice Stiletto ◽  
Erika Rozzanigo ◽  
Elisa Giampietri ◽  
Samuele Trestini
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Random Parameter ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Sensory Features ◽  
Young Consumers ◽  
Random Parameter Logit ◽  
Italian Origin ◽  
Random Parameter Logit Model

This study investigates the preferences for ready-to-eat pomegranate arils in Italy through a discrete choice experiment (DCE) on 264 young consumers in Italy. The aim is to estimate consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the reputational attributes of the product (e.g., the product origin and sales channel) and to discriminate the elicited preferences between tasting and non-tasting situations. To this purpose, a random parameter logit model was employed to assess the heterogeneity in consumer preferences. The results suggest that non-tasters attach a relevant value to the reputational attributes (e.g., +75% WTP for Italian origin). Moreover, considering the sensory features of the products, we found that consumers in this group discriminate against the proposed samples only through their visual characteristics: they prefer the sample with the largest size and red colored arils. In addition, we found that the tasting experience reduced the value attached to the reputational attributes (e.g., −50% WTP for local origin) for consumers, compared to non-tasting situation, thus shifting their preference to the samples that they appreciated the most (high liking). Specifically, we found that consumers in the tasting group preferred the product sample with the highest level of sweetness and the lowest level of sourness and astringency, showing a higher preference for sweetness. The findings contribute to the literature on consumers’ behavior on new food products (NFPs), showing that reputational attributes lose value after the tasting experience. In contrast, the sensory features of the NFPs can help tasters to reduce the information asymmetry, which traditionally represents a hurdle in purchases for new consumers. However, this depends on the individuals’ subjective preferences, as demonstrated by the significant effect of liking levels in discriminating consumers’ choices. To conclude, although these results cannot be extended to the general population, they may give some interesting insights about future trends of NFP demand.

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