scholarly journals Prevalence of HIV in surgical patients at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
Eli S ◽  
Aaron FE ◽  
Okagua KE ◽  
Omodu OJ ◽  
Iyama AC

Background: With the high prevalence of HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa, screening for this viral infection is a routine in many health institutions prior to surgery, the world has recorded success story in the research of HIV especially with the advent of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) this disease burden has been reduced globally. The prevalence of HI in Nigeria is 1.4%. Aim: To determine the prevalence of HIV in surgical patients at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH), Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Method: This was a cross sectional study of ANC attendees at the RSUTH, from January 1st to June 31st, 2019. They were surgical patients who were systematically selected, information was obtained from patients case notes with a structured proforma. The information obtained was coded and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Result: A total of 370 patients were attended to pre-operatively. There were 146 (39.5%) males and 224 (60.5%) females. The mean age was 31 years. One hundred and ninety four (52.4%) were obstetrics and gynaecological surgeries while 176 (47.6 %) were non-gynaecological surgeries. The commonest indication for surgery was caesarean representing 126 (34.1%) of the subjects.The prevalence of HIV in surgical patients was 8 (2.1%). Three (1.6%) of the obstetrics and gynaecological patients had HIV compared to 1(0.5%) non-obstetrics and gynaecological patient. Conclusion: The study revealed that prevalence of HIV in surgical patients at the RSUTH was high (2.1%). HIV infection was thrice as common in obstetrics and gynaecological patients compared with other surgical disciplines. There is need to step up surveillance amongst ANC attendees who are reflection of the populace in this region.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-223
Author(s):  
Kalio DGB ◽  
Eli S ◽  
Okagua KE ◽  
Allagoa DO

Background: Post-operative anaemia is often a reflection of pre-operative pre-operative work-up and pre-operative anaemia. In addition. Post-operative anaemia is also determined by co-morbidities of patients prior to surgery. The prevalence of post-operative anaemia varies based on surgical specialties and the experience of the surgeon; prevalence rates as high as 85% have been recorded in orthopaedic surgeries. Aim: To determine the prevalence of post-operative anaemic in surgical patients at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH). Method: This was a six months cross sectional study of the post-operative anaemia of patients who had operation at the Surgery and Obstetrics/Gyaecology departments of The Rivers State University Teaching Hospital. The permission for the study was granted by the head of department of obstetrics and gynaecology in conjunction with the head of .the hospital management. The yard stick for anaemia was packed cell volume less than 33% in line with the World Health Organization (WHO). A structured proforma was used to obtain information from patient’s case notes and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Result: Three hundred and eigthy subjects were recruited for the study. Males subjects were 150 (39.5%) while females were 230 (60.5%) respectively. The mean age was 31 years. One hundred and ninety nine (52.4%) were obstetrics and gynaecological surgeries while 181 (47.6 %) were non-gynaecological surgeries. The commonest indication for surgery was caesarean section representing 130 (34.2%) of the subjects. Two hundred and sixty six of the subjects (70%) had PCV less than 33%. One hundred and fifty two (40%) women had PCV less than 33% while 114 (30%) of the men had PCV less than 33%. Conclusion: The study revealed that prevalence of post-operative anaemia amongst surgical patients at RSUTH was 70 %. The post-operative anaemia amongst women was worrisome. The need to optimize patients prior to surgery cannot be over-emphasized to prevent morbidities and mortalities post-operative.


Author(s):  
Felix Chikaike Clement Wekere ◽  
Rose Sitonma Iwo-Amah ◽  
Joseph Ngozi Kwosah ◽  
Adetomi Bademosi ◽  
Simeon Chijioke Amadi

Background: Caesarean section (CS) is a major obstetric surgery done for pregnant women and is lifesaving.  Aim: The study was aimed at reviewing CS at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH), to determine the prevalence, trend and indications, for improved management outcomes. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we reviewed five thousand, five hundred and ninety-eight (5598) cases of caesarean sections (3699 emergency, 1899 planned) managed at the RSUTH from 1st January, 2015 to 31st December, 2019.  Data collected were analysed using IBM, Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS), version 25.0 Armonk, New York. Results: There were 13,516 deliveries and 5,598 cases of CS over the review period, giving the prevalence of CS as 41.4% or 414 per 1000 deliveries.  Emergency and planned CS cases accounted for 66.1% and 33.9% respectively. An increasing trend of CS was observed over the review period. The mean age ± SD of the participants was 32.30±1.04 years (95% CI:30.26,34.34). Modal age group was 35-39 years, accounting for 33.2% followed by those aged 30-34 years (26.2%). Majority of the patients were multipara [3396 (60.7%)], married [4890 (87.4%)], Christians [5540 (99%)] and had tertiary level education [2800 (50%)]. The commonest indication for CS in RSUTH was previous caesarean section [1925(34%)], followed by cephalopelvic disproportion [757(13.4%)], foetal distress [418(7.4%)], preeclampsia [390(6.9%)] and multiple gestation [252 (4.5%)]. Conclusion: The rate of caesarean section is high in RSUTH with an increasing trend.  Although CS is lifesaving, efforts should be made to reduce the rate to the level recommended by WHO, especially in Low-middle-income countries (LMICs), where there is high aversion to CS.


Author(s):  
Ndu I. K. ◽  
Asinobi I. N. ◽  
Nduagubam O. C.

Aims: This study aimed to compare the difference in admission rates and severity of illness in 2019 and during the peak time period of the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic of 2020 in children presenting at the Children’s emergency room (CHER) of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Children’s emergency room (CHER) of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, from June 1 to August 31, 2019 and 2020 were reviewed, respectively. Methodology: The admission records of all the children that were admitted into CHER of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH), Enugu, over a three-month period from June 1 to August 31, 2019 and 2020 respectively were reviewed. Results: A total of 310 and 184 patients were seen during the study period for 2019 and 2020, respectively (40.6% decrease). A significant number of patients spent two days on admission in the children’s emergency room in 2020 than in 2019 (P < .001). Emergency admissions were 3 times more in year 2020 than in year 2019 (OR = 2.624, 95% C.I = 1.797 – 3.833, P < .001). Conclusion: Although this study reported decreased emergency room admissions, there was an increase in the mortality rate and emergency presentations.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Hambisa ◽  
Rediet Feleke ◽  
Ameha Zewudie ◽  
Mohammed Yimam

Background:: Rational drug use comprises aspects of prescribing, dispensing and patient use of medicines for different health problems. This study is aimed to assess drug prescribing practice based on the world health organization prescribing indicators in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Methods:: An institutional based retrospective cross sectional study was conducted to evaluate prescribing practices in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Data were collected based on World health organization drug use indicators using prescription papers. 600 prescriptions dispensed through the general outpatient pharmacy of the hospital were collected by systematic random sampling method from prescriptions written for a 1-year time in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Results:: The present study found that the average number of drugs per prescription was 2.04 ± 0.87 in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital with a range between 1 and 5. Prescribing by generic name was 97.6 % and 47.8% of prescriptions contained antibiotics in the hospital. 27.7% of prescriptions contained at least one injectable medication in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. From prescribed drugs, 96.7% of them were prescribed from Ethiopian essential drug list. Conclusion:: Present study indicated that the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter, the percentage of generic prescribing and prescribing from the EDL were close to optimal value. However, the percentage of encounters with antibiotics and injections prescribed were found be very high. Thus, the study highlights some improvements in prescribing habits, particularly by focusing on the inappropriate consumption of antibiotics and injections.


BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e045992
Author(s):  
Eugene Budu ◽  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Richard Gyan Aboagye ◽  
Ebenezer Kwesi Armah-Ansah ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
...  

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to examine the association between maternal healthcare utilisation and complete childhood vaccination in sub-Saharan Africa.DesignOur study was a cross-sectional study that used pooled data from 29 countries in sub-Saharan Africa.ParticipantsA total of 60 964 mothers of children aged 11–23 months were included in the study.Outcome variablesThe main outcome variable was complete childhood vaccination. The explanatory variables were number of antenatal care (ANC) visits, assistance during delivery and postnatal care (PNC).ResultsThe average prevalence of complete childhood vaccination was 85.6%, ranging from 67.0% in Ethiopia to 98.5% in Namibia. Our adjusted model, children whose mothers had a maximum of three ANC visits were 56% less likely to have complete vaccination, compared with those who had at least four ANC visits (adjusted OR (aOR)=0.44, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.46). Children whose mothers were assisted by traditional birth attendant/other (aOR=0.43, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.56) had lower odds of complete vaccination. The odds of complete vaccination were lower among children whose mothers did not attend PNC clinics (aOR=0.26, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.29) as against those whose mothers attended.ConclusionThe study found significant variations in complete childhood vaccination across countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Maternal healthcare utilisation (ANC visits, skilled birth delivery, PNC attendance) had significant association with complete childhood vaccination. These findings suggest that programmes, interventions and strategies aimed at improving vaccination should incorporate interventions that can enhance maternal healthcare utilisation. Such interventions can include education and sensitisation, reducing cost of maternal healthcare and encouraging male involvement in maternal healthcare service utilisation.


Author(s):  
Patience B. Tetteh-Quarcoo ◽  
Nicholas T. K. D. Dayie ◽  
Kevin Kofi Adutwum-Ofosu ◽  
John Ahenkorah ◽  
Emmanuel Afutu ◽  
...  

Background: Malaria is still endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, with a high disease burden. Misconceptions about malaria contribute to poor attitudes and practices, further increasing the burden in endemic countries. Studies have examined the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of malaria among different populations. However, there seems to be no available literature reporting on the perspectives of day and night market traders. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on malaria KAP with a focus on day and night market traders. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study involving day and night market traders in 10 selected markets within the Greater Accra Region of Ghana was carried out. Data were collected from consenting respondents using a structured questionnaire. Results: Of the 760 respondents (33.3% (n = 253) night and 66.7% (n = 507) day traders) interviewed, there was no significant difference between the day and night market traders in terms of malaria KAP. Although the market traders had an overall moderate knowledge (54.0% of the day traders and 56.5% of the night traders), misconceptions about malaria (especially that it could be caused by exposure to the sun) still existed among the traders. Moreover, the majority of the traders who demonstrated high knowledge (43.98%, n = 250) did not always take laboratory tests to confirm their suspicion, indicating poor attitude. Furthermore, the market traders’ choice of drug for malaria treatment (p = 0.001) and preferred malaria treatment type (orthodox or herbal) (p = 0.005) were significantly associated with their knowledge level. Conclusions: Despite the observation that no significant difference in KAP exists between day and night market traders, appropriate health education programs and interventions still need to be directed at misconceptions, poor attitudes, and poor practices revealed by this study. This will ultimately help in the prevention and control of malaria in Ghana, and globally.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e0164052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibitola O. Asaolu ◽  
Jayleen K. Gunn ◽  
Katherine E. Center ◽  
Mary P. Koss ◽  
Juliet I. Iwelunmor ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abacha ◽  
Isah Mustapha Nma ◽  
Sadiq Abubakar Audu ◽  
Abubakar Umar ◽  
Mohammed Dahiru ◽  
...  

Background: Cleanliness and dirt are a dichotomy to categorize a particular environment especially hospital settings in which cleanliness pave a great linkage to patient satisfaction on quality of care and reduction of infection. Dirt creates negative thought on the quality of services being rendered to patients in the hospital environment. Objectives: To assess the perception of patients and their relatives on the level of cleanliness in radiology department of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto and to determine which amongst the diagnostic rooms is the cleanest (Computed Tomography (CT) room, Routine X-rays room or contrast exams room (fluoroscopy)). Materials and Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, 100 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents of which 66 in Routine xray room, 23 in CT suit and 11 in contrast examination room. Out of the 100 questionnaires nine were not returned and the remaining 91 were analysed. The questionnaire contains fifteen statements in total apart from the socio-demographic component. The count of responses was considered and for each type of response (SA, A, N, D, and SD) the percentage were calculated using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: Sixty percent of the respondents were patients while 40% were relatives of patients that were critically ill. The modal age range of the respondents was 25-34years, 58% were married, while 48.4% were civil servants. The result of our study shows that the respondents have adequate knowledge on cleanliness with a mean score of 4.3, they perceived radiology department as a clean environment for diagnosis and visitation but need further improvement. According to the findings, CT room was the cleanest (87.0%) followed by contrast examination room 64.0% and routine X-rays room was the least 47.0%. It also revealed that lack of manpower is the cause of inadequate sanitation. Conclusion: Radiology Department in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital is clean and the CT suit is the cleanest.


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