scholarly journals Desain Sepatu Antiselip untuk Roda Truk Colt Diesel di Jalan Berlumpur

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Dani Tri Wahyudi ◽  
Deni Shidqi Khaerudini
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Rear Wheel ◽  
Shear Angle ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Logistics Delivery ◽  
Maximum Water Content

The rains will make a serious problem for the transportation sector in Indonesia, especially in areas that do not have permanent access roads (asphalt or concrete roads). Heavy vehicles such as oil palm trucks will go into the skid when crossing muddy dirt roads, and it makes an impact on the logistics delivery process. It is necessary for designing a support system, especially on the part of the wheel, to reduce the risk of skidding or rolling. Anti-slip shoe wheels of the colt diesel double (CDD) type truck is used on the rear-wheel-drive as a tool for handling slippage. Calculations and corrections are performed for maximum traction of the ground rolling resistance at ≥ 396 kg. Furthermore, the value of soil cohesion and soil shear angle was determined from the previous studies. In this study, a calculation simulation was carried out to obtain the design of the main components of an antislip wheel of a truck, which is in the form of a traction rod fin using steel UNP SNI 07-0052-2006 with a fin depth of 4.5 cm and a length of 20 cm. These dimensions are effective enough to increase the truck wheel traction of 8 tons when used to cross muddy roads with a maximum water content of 59.6% and a minimum cohesion value of land (C) of 0.108 kg/cm2

scholarly journals DESIGN OF ANTI-SLIP SHOES FOR 12 TON PALM OIL TRUCK WHEELS

SINERGI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Dani Tri Wahyudi ◽  
Deni Shidqi Khaerudini
Keyword(s):  
Internal Friction ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Rear Wheel ◽  
Internal Friction Angle ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Main Components

The rainy season will have a severe problem to the transportation sector (including heavy-duty trucks) in the off-road area in Indonesia, especially in areas that do not have permanent access roads (asphalt or concrete roads). For heavy vehicles, especially oil palm transport trucks will experience such obstacles, including slippage when crossing muddy dirt roads, and it will have an impact on the logistics delivery process. Therefore, it is necessary to design a support system, especially on the wheels, to reduce the risk of skidding or rolling on truck-type vehicles. In this work, the design of the anti-slip shoe wheels of the colt diesel double type truck (CDD) is used on the rear-wheel-drive as a tool for handling the slippage. In this design, the maximum traction factor of the wheels based on the calculation on the rolling resistance should be higher than 594 kg. The next step is to determine the value of soil cohesion and soil internal friction angle obtained from the previous studies. In this study, a calculation simulation was carried out to accomplish the design of the main components of the anti-slip of a truck wheel in the form of a traction rod fin. The design is namely U channel profile steel based on SNI 07-0052-2006 type U50, U65, and U80 with dimensions of the fin depth (z) are 3.8 cm, 4.2 cm, and 4.5 cm and length of 30 cm. The results show that the three types of U channel iron used for the anti-slip shoes are useful for freeing trucks from slippage with a total load of 12 tons. Thus, the truck will be safe when crossing the muddy roads with clay, muddy clay, and sandy loam under the following conditions: minimum cohesion number of 0.008 kg/cm2, minimum internal friction angle in the soil of 4.631°, and the maximum water content of 59.6%.

Closed-form solutions for vehicle traction problems

2002 ◽  
Vol 216 (12) ◽  
pp. 957-963
Author(s):  
J Lieh
Keyword(s):  
Closed Form ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Rear Wheel ◽  
Front Wheel ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
Inertia Force ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Closed Form Solutions ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Linear Differential

Conventional approaches to vehicle traction and propulsion analysis have used spread-sheets or numerical integrations owing to the difficulty in deriving closed-form solutions. This is inconvenient if a parameter is to be varied, and it is even more difficult when multiple parameters of a complex model are evaluated at the design phase. In this paper, it is intended to formulate two non-linear differential equations representing road load and power consumption. By expanding inertia force, air drag, rolling resistance, gravitational force and tyre tractive force, the equations can be simplified as functions of velocity v, i.e. s 1 v = s 2-s 3 v2 and m v = (-r 1 v3 - r 2 v + r 3)/v respectively. With these two equations, engineers can use either numerical or analytical methods to study key parameters at the design phase. To demonstrate the effectiveness of these equations, Wright State's electric car model is used. The results for front-wheel drive, rear-wheel drive and four-wheel drive cases are presented.

Analytical Traction and Propulsion Analysis

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junghsen Lieh
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Differential Equations ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Rear Wheel ◽  
Front Wheel ◽  
Inertia Force ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

Abstract Conventional approach for vehicle traction and propulsion analysis used spreadsheets. This is inconvenient if one intends to vary a parameter, and it is even more difficult when multiple parameters are evaluated at the design phase. In this paper, it is intended to formulate two nonlinear differential equations representing road load and power consumption. By expanding inertia force, air drag, rolling resistance, gravitational force and tire tractive force, the equations can be simplified as the function of velocity v, i.e., s 1 v ˙ = s 2 - s 3 v 2 and m v ˙ = - r 1 v 3 - r 2 v + r 3 v , respectively. With these two equations, it allows engineers to use either numerical or analytical method to study key parameters at the design phase. To demonstrate the effectiveness of these equations, Wright State’s electric car model is used. The results for front-wheel drive (FWD), rear-wheel drive (RWD) and four-wheel drive (4WD) cases are presented.

scholarly journals The Effect of Tractor Driving System Type on its Slip and Rolling Resistance and its Modelling Using Anfis

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Abdolmajid Moinar ◽  
Gholamhossein Shahgholi
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Rear Wheel ◽  
Front Wheel ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Driving System ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Pulling Forces ◽  
Pulling Force

Abstract Pulling force required for operations such as tillage is a result of the interaction between the tractor’s wheel drive and soil surface limited by various factors, such as the rolling resistance and slip of the wheel drive. In this research, the traction performance of tractors with different driving systems (four-wheel drive, rear wheel drive, and front wheel drive) was investigated. Test parameters included different tractor forward speeds (1.26, 3.96, and 6.78 km·h−1), tire inflation pressures (170, 200, and 230 kPa), ballast weights (0, 150, and 300 kg), and aforementioned driving systems, as well as required drafts (2, 6, and 10 kN). For each experiment, two indices of slip and rolling resistance were measured. The results of this study showed that the four-wheel-driving system indicated a low slip at similar pulling forces. In order to achieve a low slip, the four-wheel driving system did not necessarily need to add the ballast weight or to reduce the inflation pressure. The four-wheel driving system showed lower rolling resistance than the other two systems. Slip and rolling resistance of wheels were predicted using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). It was found that ANFIS had a high potential for predicting the slip (R2 = 0.997) and rolling resistance (R2 = 0.9893).

Development of the Control Strategy for an Innovative 4WD Device

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Cheli ◽  
Paolo Dellacha` ◽  
Andrea Zorzutti
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Rear Wheel ◽  
Front Axle ◽  
Torque Distribution ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Wet Clutch ◽  
The One ◽  
Engine Crankshaft

The potentialities shown by controlled differentials are making the automotive industry to explore this field. While VDC systems can only guarantee a safe behaviour at limit, a controlled differential can also increase the handling performance. The system derives from a rear wheel drive architecture with a semi-active differential, to which has been added a controlled wet clutch that directly connects the front axle and the engine crankshaft. This device allows distributing the drive torque between the two axles, according to the constraints due to kinematics and thermal problems. It can be easily understood that in this device the torque distribution doesn’t depend only from the central clutch action, but also from the engaged gear. Because of that the central clutch controller has to consider the gear position too. The control algorithms development was carried on using a vehicle model which can precisely simulate the handling response, the powertrain dynamic and the actuation system behaviour. A right powertrain response required the development of a customize library in Simulink. The approach chosen to carry on this research was the one used in automotive industry nowadays: an intensive simulation campaign was executed to realize an initial controller design and tuning.

Modeling and Controlling of Anti-Slip Regulation Based on Limited-Slip Differential

2011 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 762-766
Author(s):  
Jian Jun Hu ◽  
Peng Ge ◽  
Zheng Bin He ◽  
Da Tong Qin
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Rear Wheel ◽  
Pi Controller ◽  
Hydraulic Control ◽  
Electronic Throttle ◽  
Adhesion Coefficient ◽  
The Road ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Hydraulic Control System

The dynamic models of whole rear-wheel drive vehicle, limited-slip differential, hydraulic control system and electronic throttle were established. Simulations of acceleration course on split-µ road, checkerboard-µ road, low-µ road and step-µ road were carried out combining electronic throttle PI controller and limited-slip differential fuzzy controller. The results show that the Anti-slip Regulation quickly works according to the road adhesion coefficient, effectively inhibits the slip of driving wheels on low adhesion coefficient road, the acceleration performance driving on bad roads was improved obviously, and show a good adaptability.

scholarly journals Terrestrial force production by the limbs of a semi-aquatic salamander provides insight into the evolution of terrestrial locomotor mechanics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Momoe Kawano ◽  
Richard W. Blob
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Rear Wheel ◽  
Ambystoma Tigrinum ◽  
Terrestrial Locomotion ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Pleurodeles Waltl ◽  
Insight Into

Amphibious fishes and salamanders are valuable functional analogs for vertebrates that spanned the water-to-land transition. However, investigations of walking mechanics have focused on terrestrial salamanders and, thus, may better reflect the capabilities of stem tetrapods that were already terrestrial. The earliest tetrapods were aquatic, so salamanders that are not primarily terrestrial may yield more appropriate data for modelling the incipient stages of terrestrial locomotion. In the present study, locomotor biomechanics were quantified from semi-aquatic Pleurodeles waltl, a salamander that spends most of its adult life in water, and then compared to a primarily terrestrial salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) and semi-aquatic fish (Periophthalmus barbarus) to evaluate whether walking mechanics show greater similarity between species with ecological versus phylogenetic similarities. Ground reaction forces (GRFs) from individual limbs or fins indicated that the pectoral appendages of each taxon had distinct patterns of force production, but hind limb forces were comparable between the salamanders. The rate of force development ('yank') was sometimes slower in P. waltl but generally comparable between the three species. Finally, medial inclination of the GRF in P. waltl was intermediate between semi-aquatic fish and terrestrial salamanders, potentially elevating bone stresses among more aquatic taxa as they move on land. These data provide a framework for modelling stem tetrapods using an earlier stage of quadrupedal locomotion that was powered primarily by the hind limbs (i.e., "rear-wheel drive"), and reveal mechanisms for appendages to generate propulsion in three locomotor strategies that are presumed to have occurred across the water-to-land transition in vertebrate evolution.

scholarly journals Vehicle Sideslip Angle Estimation Based on Tire Model Adaptation

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanwar Bharat Singh
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Rear Wheel ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Sideslip Angle ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Sideslip Estimation

Information about the vehicle sideslip angle is crucial for the successful implementation of advanced stability control systems. In production vehicles, sideslip angle is difficult to measure within the desired accuracy level because of high costs and other associated impracticalities. This paper presents a novel framework for estimation of the vehicle sideslip angle. The proposed algorithm utilizes an adaptive tire model in conjunction with a model-based observer. The proposed adaptive tire model is capable of coping with changes to the tire operating conditions. More specifically, extensions have been made to Pacejka's Magic Formula expressions for the tire cornering stiffness and peak grip level. These model extensions account for variations in the tire inflation pressure, load, tread depth and temperature. The vehicle sideslip estimation algorithm is evaluated through experimental tests done on a rear wheel drive (RWD) vehicle. Detailed experimental results show that the developed system can reliably estimate the vehicle sideslip angle during both steady state and transient maneuvers.

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