AN ACCURATELY DETERMINING POROSITY METHOD FROM PULSED-NEUTRON ELEMENT LOGGING IN UNCONVENTIONAL RESERVOIRS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhang ◽  
◽  
Fei Qiu ◽  
Qunwei Fang ◽  
Xiaoyang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Neutron ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Element Content ◽  
Unconventional Reservoirs ◽  
Count Ratio ◽  
Neutron Count ◽  
Neutron Porosity ◽  
Mineral Compositions ◽  
Pulsed Neutron

Unconventional reservoirs have low porosity and complex mineral composition containing quartz, feldspar, calcite, dolomite, pyrite and kerogen, which may seriously reduce the accuracy of the porosity measurement. The multi-detector pulsed neutron logging technique was already used for determining porosity through the combination of inelastic and capture gamma ray information in different spacing. In this paper, the new parameter, which is characterized by thermal neutron count ratio and lithology factor based on element content, is proposed to determine porosity from the three-detector pulsed neutron element logging in unconventional reservoir. To evaluate mineral composition, lithology, and gas/oil/water saturation in unconventional reservoir, a new multi-detector pulsed neutron logging tool was put out. The instrument consists of two He-3 thermal neutron detectors and a LaBr3 gamma detector. Therefore, the combination of thermal neutron count ratio between near detector and long detector with lithology factor of element content can measure neutron porosity and eliminate the influence of complex lithology. Based on some calibration pit data measured in laboratory, as well as the numerical simulation method, the influences of different lithological characters and mineral types on the neutron count ratio were studied. Meanwhile, large numbers of stratigraphic models with different lithological characters and different mineral compositions were established using Monte Carlo simulation method, and the content of silicon, calcium, hydrogen, oxygen, magnesium, aluminum and iron under different stratigraphic conditions was determined by the spectral element solution. A regression analysis was conducted to establish the relationship between the content of elements and the lithologic factor. The count ratio difference stemming from different lithological and mineral compositions was eliminated through a combination of lithological correction factor and thermal neutron count ratio. Different mineral compositions of stratigraphic simulation models were set up for verification. The absolute error of porosity measurement was less than 1.0p.u. in the formations with porosity less than 15p.u., which verified the accuracy of this method for neutron porosity evaluation in complex lithological characters formations. Two field examples were processed by this new parameter which in combination of thermal neutron count ratio and formation elements content information from the three-detector pulsed neutron instrument, which indicated a good accuracy for unconventional oil and gas reservoir evaluation.

Study Of Structure Formation Of Organic-Mineral Compositions With Fibrous Filler By Electron Microscopy Method

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structure Formation ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Cement Stone ◽  
Hydrated Cement ◽  
Fibrous Filler ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Microscopy Method ◽  
Mineral Compositions

The article presents the study of processes of structure formation of cement stone and products of hardening of organic-mineral compositions with fibrous filler (shavings) by the electronic scanning microscopy method. It is established that the additive-free cement stone at the age of 28 days has a dense and homogeneous structure, consists of calcium hydro-silicates, Portlandite and calcite - newgrowths characteristic for cement systems. Cellulose fibers, which make up the bulk of the substance of shavings, are sufficiently active, which determines the high adhesion of the hydration products of the cement binder to their surface. It is shown that the introduction of shavings into the organo-mineral composition leads to inhibition of cement hydration processes. Organo-mineral compositions with different shavings content (two compositions) were analyzed. The first composition is characterized by a fairly dense structure, the cement stone consists of globular nanoscale nuclei of hydrosilicates, Portlandite and calcite. The second composition has a loose porous structure, cement stone consists of non-hydrated cement grains, newgrowths are represented by calcite and vaterite. The structure of the contact zone "osprey fiber-cement stone" in the organo-mineral composition of the first composition indicates a good adhesion of the filler surface with the phases of hydrated cement. The use of shavings as a fibrous filler (the first composition) increases the tensile and bending strength, as well as the wear resistance of organo-mineral compositions. The data obtained by scanning electron microscopy are confirmed by the results of studying the processes of structure formation of cement stone by quantitative x-ray phase analysis.

Research on Process Mineralogy of Potassium-Rich Shale

2010 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Yue Xin Han ◽  
Wan Zhong Yin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Potassium Feldspar ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Dsc Analyses ◽  
Process Mineralogy ◽  
Mineral Compositions ◽  
Chemical Composition Analysis

The process mineralogy of potassium-rich shale from Chaoyang of Liaoning, China, was studied. Research results showed there are much less variety and smaller quantities in mineral compositions. Calculated mineral composition by means of chemical composition analysis combined with XRD, MLA, IR and TG-DSC analyses showed that main minerals with were Potassium-feldspar, muscovite, biotite and illite, and gangue minerals were quartz and small amounts of hematite. Potassium-rich minerals such as potassium-feldspar and muscovite contact smoothly with quartz respectively, and there was the direction arrangement among potassium-feldspar, quartz and muscovite in the shale. And quartz and hematite were main cement in the shale. The influences of the research results on the potassium extraction from potassium-rich shale were distinct.

Effects of Compound Silicate Gangue on Mineral Composition and Microstructure of Sinter Produced by Baiyunebo Iron Ore Concentrates

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
Guo Ping Luo ◽  
Sheng Li Wu ◽  
Yi Ci Wang ◽  
Guang Jie Zhang ◽  
Zhi Zhong Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Glassy Phase ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Calcium Ferrite ◽  
Melting Time ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Lower Melting Point ◽  
Mineral Compositions

The effects of compound silicate gangue on mineral composition and microstructure of sinter produced by Baiyunebo iron ore concentrates was studied by using mini-sintering test device and optical microscope. The result showed that compound silicate gangue has lower melting point, wider melting temperature range, longer melting time and melts easily to form glassiness during the sintering process. It can promote the solution of CaO and CaF2 in glassy phase, which affects viscosity and fluidity of glassy phase as well as the homogeneity of sinter microstructure. The compound silicate gangue intensely inhibits the generation of complex calcium ferrite and cuspidine as well. The major mineral compositions of sinter are hematite and glassy phase. The sinter exhibits multi-cavities and grainy structure when SiO2 exists entirely in the form of compound silicate gangue.

scholarly journals Family and species as determinants modulating mineral composition of selected wild-growing mushroom species

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 389-404
Author(s):  
Mirosław Mleczek ◽  
Anna Budka ◽  
Pavel Kalač ◽  
Marek Siwulski ◽  
Przemysław Niedzielski
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Element Content ◽  
Soil Composition ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Macrolepiota Procera

AbstractIt has been known since the 1970s that differences exist in the profile of element content in wild-growing mushroom species, although knowledge of the role of mushroom species/families as determinants in the accumulation of diverse element remains limited. The aim of this study was to determine the content of 63 mineral elements, divided into six separate groups in the fruit bodies of 17 wild-growing mushroom species. The mushrooms, growing in widely ranging types of soil composition, were collected in Poland in 2018. Lepista nuda and Paralepista gilva contained not only the highest content of essential major (531 and 14,800 mg kg−1, respectively of Ca and P) and trace elements (425 and 66.3 mg kg−1, respectively of Fe and B) but also a high content of trace elements with a detrimental health effect (1.39 and 7.29 mg kg−1, respectively of Tl and Ba). A high content of several elements (Al, B, Ba, Bi, Ca, Er, Fe, Mg, Mo, P, Sc, Ti or V) in L. nuda, Lepista personata, P. gilva and/or Tricholoma equestre fruit bodies belonging to the Tricholomataceae family suggests that such species may be characterised by the most effective accumulation of selected major or trace elements. On the other hand, mushrooms belonging to the Agaricaceae family (Agaricus arvensis, Coprinus comatus and Macrolepiota procera) were characterised by significant differences in the content of all determined elements jointly, which suggests that a higher content of one or several elements is mushroom species-dependent.

scholarly journals The Effect of Soil Mineral Composition on the Compressive Strength of Cement Stabilized Rammed Earth

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Narloch ◽  
Piotr Woyciechowski ◽  
Jakub Kotowski ◽  
Ireneusz Gawriuczenkow ◽  
Emilia Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Mineral Compositions ◽  
Strength Result ◽  
Distribution Water

Cemented stabilized rammed earth (CSRE) is a building material used to build load bearing walls from locally available soil. The article analyzes the influence of soil mineral composition on CSRE compressive strength. Compression tests of CSRE samples of various mineral compositions, but the same particle size distribution, water content, and cement content were conducted. Based on the compression strength results and analyzed SEM images, it was observed that even small changes in the mineral composition significantly affected the CSRE compressive strength. From the comparison of CSRE compressive strength result sets, one can draw general qualitative conclusions that montmorillonite lowered the compressive strength the most; beidellite also lowered it, but to a lesser extent. Kaolinite lightly increased the compressive strength.

The Effect of Formation Absorption on the Thermal Neutron Porosity Measurement

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.V. Ellis ◽  
C. Flaum ◽  
J.E. Galford ◽  
H.D. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Neutron ◽  
Neutron Porosity

Proximate and Mineral Compositions, Mineral Safety Index (MSI) of Ten Organs of African Giant Pouch Rat

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ilesanmi Adeyeye ◽  
Adeolu Jonathan Adesina
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Safety Index ◽  
Energy Contribution ◽  
Nutritional Information ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Mineral Compositions

An investigation into the proximate composition, mineral composition and the mineral safety index of heart, skin, muscle, lungs, tongue, kidney, spleen, brain, liver and eyes of African giant pouch rat was carried out using standard methods, calculations of metabolizable energy, percentage energy contribution due to: protein, fat and carbohydrate; utilizable energy due to protein; Ca/P, Na/K, [K/(Ca+Mg)], Ca/Mg ratios and mineral safety index. In the proximate composition, the followings were discovered: samples were good in muscle (ash), kidney (protein), muscle (crude fat), skin (carbohydrate) and also contributed the highest energy. Highest level of proportion of energy due to protein (PEP %) came from the kidney, highest level of energy due to fat (PEF %) came from muscle whilst highest energy contribution due to carbohydrate (PEC %) came from the skin. The utilizable energy due to protein (UEDP %) assuming 60% utilisation had the highest level in the kidney. In the mineral composition muscle was good in Na; muscle was best in K; kidney was highest in Ca; tongue was rich in Mg; spleen was high in zinc; liver was high in Fe; muscle was rich in Mn; kidney was rich in P; muscle was good in Ca/P; skin was best in Na/K; spleen was best in [K/(Ca+Mg)] and spleen was best in Ca/Mg. In the mineral safety index (MSI) values: Zn with MSI of 33 was lower than heart, spleen and in Fe with MSI of 6.7 was lower than heart, muscle, lungs, brain, liver and eyes. The following parameters were significantly different at α = 0.05 among the samples: crude protein, carbohydrate, PEP %, PEF %, PEC %, UEDP %, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe and P. This report will give nutritional information on the various organs analysed.

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