scholarly journals The infection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in shrimp and human

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rian Ka Praja
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Early Mortality ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Early Mortality Syndrome ◽  
Thermostable Direct Hemolysin ◽  
Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease ◽  
Very High

<p class="15" align="justify"><em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> is an aquatic zoonotic agent that can threaten human and aquaculture animal health. Humans can be infected by consuming contaminated raw seafood or wound-related infections. Generally infection of <em>V. parahemolyticus</em> is orally transmitted and causes gastroenteritis in humans while in aquaculture animals especially shrimp can cause Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) or Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS) with a very high mortality rate and cause economic losses. Shrimp species susceptible to infection are <em>Litopenaeus vannamei, Penaeus monodon,</em> and <em>P. chinensis</em>. <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> produces several toxins in human disease such as thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH), TDH-related haemolysin (TRH), and thermolabile hemolysin (TLH). Meanwhile, Photorabdus insect-related (Pir) toxins consisting of PirA<sup>vp</sup> and PirB<sup>vp</sup> are the toxins associated with AHPND in shrimp. The genes that encode the toxin are used as targets to diagnose <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> pathogens molecularly. Until now the treatment of <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> infection is using antibiotics and fluid therapy, but there were <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> isolates from aquaculture that have been resistant to antibiotics so that the use of antibiotics in aquaculture must be controlled and the use of alternative therapy are very important to be developed to control <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> infection.</p><p class="15" align="justify"> </p><p>Keywords: <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em>, zoonotic, gastroenteritis, Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND), Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS).</p>

scholarly journals Benefits of a Biofilm System and Low Ammonia Levels to Decrees the Early Mortality Syndrome in Shrimp Larvae (Litopenaeus vannamei) Infected with (Vibrio parahaemolyticus)

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Guillermo Galindo Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Early Mortality ◽  
Shrimp Aquaculture ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Early Mortality Syndrome ◽  
In Series ◽  
System Water

The world shrimp aquaculture, has faced several problems, causing severe losses in shrimp hatcheries; between the most critical has been diseases such as early mortality syndrome (EMS) caused by (Vibrio parahaemolyticus). The EMS was initially detected in Asian countries; after, it was disseminated to Mexico and other countries. In Mexico, EMS caused severe economic losses during 2013-2016; and it has not yet been eradicated. Various causes for EMS have been reported; none is entirely accurate, but water quality is essential for successful shrimp aquaculture; therefore, the aim this work was evaluate the ammonia concentration effect on susceptibility to (EMS) on post-larvae (PL-15) shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) infected with (V. parahaemolyticus), using a biofilm system (water with, microalgae, dinoflagellates, protozoa and other planktonic microorganisms). So series of 5 flasks each one were arranged as following: Series S; 900 ml of filtered seawater (FSW) and 10 PL-15 shrimp per flask. Series SB; 840 ml of FSW, 60 ml of biofilm and 10 PL-15 shrimp. Series E; 900 ml of FSW, infected with 2 ml (V. parahaemolyticus) 106 CFU/ ml and 10 PL-15 shrimp. Series EN; fifteen flasks with 900 ml of FSW, 10 PL-15 shrimp, added with NH4Cl (0.535 mg/ml), to get 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mg/l final ammonia concentration in 5 sub-series of 3 flasks each one. During experiment, ammonia concentration and PL-15 shrimp mortality were evaluated in all flask. Ammonia concentration was higher in series EN than in series E; the same was observed in Series S respect to SB, but at lower values. At end of experiment, mortality in series EN was 90% Vs 60% in E. Similarly, mortality in series S was 10% Vs 0% in SB. This results confirm that the ammonia increases PL shrimp mortality, and biofilm system reduce ammonia and consequently PL-15 shrimp mortality.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains in cultured shrimp Penaeus monodon in south‐west farming region of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Mostavi Enan Eshik ◽  
Nusrat Jahan Punom ◽  
Mst Khadiza Begum ◽  
Tahsin Khan ◽  
Mihir Lal Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
South West ◽  
Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease ◽  
Positive Results

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is an emerging shrimp disease caused by strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus containing a unique virulent plasmid, responsible for substantial economic losses since 2009; caused up to 100% mortality in farmed shrimp Penaeus monodon. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify the pathogenic strain of V. parahaemolyticus causing AHPND in cultured shrimp (Penaeus monodon) using classical and molecular techniques. Samples were collected from three different locations of south-west shrimp farming regions of Bangladesh viz. Sadar Upazilla of Satkhira; Mongla and Morrelganj under Bagerhat district. In this study, three selective media were used for primary isolation of V. parahaemolyticus. Among 46 primary isolates, 18 representative isolates were checked for the species-specific detection of V. parahaemolyticus using ldh primers and all of them were found to be positive. 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to further confirm the isolates as V. parahaemolyticus. tdh primer was used to check human pathogenicity but all 18 isolates showed negative result. The isolates were further characterized to check their AHPND positivity using AP3 and AP4 primers. Ten isolates showed positive results for AP3 (55.56%) and 9 showed positive results for AP4 (50%) which indicated that the isolates were AHPND positive. This study also reported that all AHPND positive strains were resistant to the antibiotic gentamycin but sensitive to chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin and tetracycline. The findings of this study will help the shrimp farmers and policy makers to take proper biosecurity measures to protect shrimps from AHPND and thereby sustain the shrimp production in Bangladesh. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 27(1): 57-68, 2018 (January)

scholarly journals NGHIÊN CỨU KHẢ NĂNG KHÁNG VI KHUẨN Vibrio spp. GÂY BỆNH HOẠI TỬ GAN TỤY CẤP (AHPND) TRÊN TÔM CHÂN TRẮNG (Litopenaeus vannamei) CỦA DỊCH CHIẾT TỪ CÂY CHÓ ĐẺ THÂN XANH (Phyllanthus amarus Schum)

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (1E) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Trần Vinh Phương ◽  
Hoàng Thị Ngọc Hân ◽  
Đặng Thanh Long ◽  
Phạm Thị Hải Yến ◽  
Nguyễn Quang Linh
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Early Mortality ◽  
Phyllanthus Amarus ◽  
Early Mortality Syndrome ◽  
Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease ◽  
Vibrio Spp

Kết quả nghiên cứu nhằm xác định khả năng kháng khuẩn của dịch chiết từ cây chó đẻ thân xanh (Phyllanthus amarus); nồng độ ức chế tối thiểu (MIC) và nồng độ tiêu diệt tối thiểu (MBC) trên 2 chủng vi khuẩn Vibrio parahaemolitycus (K15) và Vibrio sp. (VT33) ở mật độ 106 CFU/mL gây bệnh hoại tử gan tụy cấp (Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease –AHPND) còn được gọi là hội chứng tôm chết sớm (Early Mortality Syndrome - EMS) trên tôm chân trắng (Litopenaeus vannamei) nuôi tại Thừa Thiên Huế, kết quả ban đầu ghi nhận: dịch chiết được chiết xuất dạng cao từ cây chó đẻ thân xanh (P. amarus) có khả năng kháng cả 2 chủng Vibrio parahaemolitycus (K15) và Vibrio sp. (VT33) thử nghiệm từ nồng độ 250 đến 1.000 mg/mL, thể hiện ở đường kính vòng kháng khuẩn dao động từ 16,60–21,40 mm đối với chủng Vibrio parahaemolitycus (K15) và từ 17,60 – 23,60 mm đối với Vibrio sp. (VT33). Kết quả cũng xác định hiệu quả của dịch chiết trên 2 chủng Vibrio parahaemolyticus (K15) và Vibrio sp. (VT123) thể hiện giá trị MIC và MBC tương ứng đạt 125 mg/mL và 500 mg/mL; 62,5 và 500 mg/mL.

scholarly journals Selection of Bacillus spp. isolates having enzyme producing ability and antagonistic to Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing the early mortality syndrome (EMS) on shrimp

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Dung Thi Thanh Do ◽  
Binh Thanh Le ◽  
Duong Thi Dang Hoang ◽  
Quang Dinh Vo ◽  
Trang Thi Phuong Phan
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Early Mortality ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Shrimp Ponds ◽  
Early Mortality Syndrome ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of this study is to select some Bacillus isolates which are capable of yielding several beneficial enzymes and antagonism to Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing the EMS shrimp disease. In this study, we isolated and screened total of 54 Bacillus isolates from 30 mud, water and shrimp samples at shrimp ponds in Soc Trang province. Among these, 19 isolates were resistant against Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains causing the EMS shrimp disease via two testing methods. Three of them including NA2B13, NA10B2, NA8B1 isolates showed strongresistance and strong one to three kinds of extracellular enzymes to produce. Result of 16S rDNA sequencing and MALDI -TOF showed that NA2B13 and NA8B1 were Bacillus subtilis and NA10B2 was B. amyloliquefaciens. These two species were regarded safe and having potential applications in the production of biological products to prevent EMS shrimp disease.

scholarly journals Genomic and evolutionary features of two AHPND positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from shrimp (Penaeus monodon) of south-west Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawon Ahmmed ◽  
Md. Abdullah-Al-Kamran Khan ◽  
Md. Mostavi Enan Eshik ◽  
Nusrat Jahan Punom ◽  
Abul B.M.M.K. Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Secretion System ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Emergence Pattern ◽  
Toxin Genes ◽  
South West ◽  
Evolutionary Features

Abstract Background Due to its rapid lethal effect in the early stage of shrimp, acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) causing great economic losses, since its first outbreak in southeast China in 2009. Vibrio parahaemolyticus , carrying the pir A and pir B toxin genes is known to cause AHPND in shrimp. The overall objective of this study was to sequence the whole genome of AHPND positive V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from shrimp ( Peneaus monodon ) of south-west region of Bangladesh in 2016 and 2017 and characterize the genomic features and emergence pattern of this marine pathogen. Results Two targeted AHPND positive V. parahaemolyticus strains were confirmed using PCR with 16S rRNA, ldh , AP3 and AP4 primers. The assembled genomes of strain MSR16 and MSR17 were comprised of a total of 5,393,740 bp and 5,241,592 bp, respectively. From annotation, several virulence genes involved in chemotaxis and motility, EPS type II secretion system, Type III secretion system-1 (T3SS-1) and its secreted effectors, thermolabile hemolysin were found in both strains. Importantly, the ~69 kb plasmid was identified in both MSR16 and MSR17 strains containing the two toxin genes pir A and pir B. Antibiotic resistance genes were predicted against β-lactam, fluoroquinolone, tetracycline and macrolide groups in both MSR16 and MSR17 strains. Conclusions The findings of this research may facilitate the tracking of pathogenic and/or antibiotic-resistant V. parahaemolyticus isolates between production sites, and the identification of candidate strains for the production of vaccines as an aid to control of this devastating disease. Also, the emergence pattern of this pathogen can be highlighted to determine the characteristic differences of other strains found all over the world.

scholarly journals Genomic and evolutionary features of two AHPND positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from shrimp (Penaeus monodon) of south-west Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawon Ahmmed ◽  
Md. Abdullah-Al-Kamran Khan ◽  
Md. Mostavi Enan Eshik ◽  
Nusrat Jahan Punom ◽  
Abul Bashar Mir Md. Khademul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Secretion System ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Emergence Pattern ◽  
Toxin Genes ◽  
South West ◽  
Evolutionary Features

Abstract Background Due to its rapid lethal effect in the early development stage of shrimp, acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) has been causing great economic losses, since its first outbreak in southeast China in 2009. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, carrying the pirA and pirB toxin genes is known to cause AHPND in shrimp. The overall objective of this study was to sequence the whole genome of AHPND positive V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from shrimp (Peneaus monodon) of the south-west region of Bangladesh in 2016 and 2017 and characterize the genomic features and emergence pattern of this marine pathogen. Results Two targeted AHPND positive V. parahaemolyticus strains were confirmed using PCR with 16S rRNA, ldh, AP3 and AP4 primers. The assembled genomes of strain MSR16 and MSR17 were comprised of a total of 5,393,740 bp and 5,241,592 bp, respectively. From annotation, several virulence genes involved in chemotaxis and motility, EPS type II secretion system, Type III secretion system-1 (T3SS-1) and its secreted effectors, thermolabile hemolysin were found in both strains. Importantly, the ~ 69 kb plasmid was identified in both MSR16 and MSR17 strains containing the two toxin genes pirA and pirB. Antibiotic resistance genes were predicted against β-lactam, fluoroquinolone, tetracycline and macrolide groups in both MSR16 and MSR17 strains. Conclusions The findings of this research may facilitate the tracking of pathogenic and/or antibiotic-resistant V. parahaemolyticus isolates between production sites, and the identification of candidate strains for the production of vaccines as an aid to control of this devastating disease. Also, the emergence pattern of this pathogen can be highlighted to determine the characteristic differences of other strains found all over the world.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Vibrio spp. in Retail and Farm Shrimps in Ecuador

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 2089-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. SPERLING ◽  
T. ALTER ◽  
S. HUEHN
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Retail Markets ◽  
Early Mortality Syndrome ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease ◽  
Shrimp Farms ◽  
Vibrio Spp

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Vibrio spp. in shrimp at retail and in shrimp farms in Ecuador and to determine the antimicrobial agent resistance patterns of farm isolates. The presence of genes linked to early mortality syndrome (EMS) or acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) also was evaluated. Vibrio spp. were isolated from retail shrimps in Cuenca, Ecuador, and farm shrimps originating from provinces El Oro and Guayas, Ecuador. A total of 229 shrimp samples were collected, of which 71 originated from retail markets in Cuenca and 158 came from shrimp farms. Overall, 219 (95.6%) samples tested positive for Vibrio spp. Vibrio parahaemolyticus (80.8%) was the most common species detected, followed by Vibrio alginolyticus (50.2%), Vibrio cholerae (11.3%), and Vibrio vulnificus (3.5%). None of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates carried the virulence-associated tdh and trh genes. In V. parahaemolyticus shrimp farm isolates, high resistance was found to ampicillin (92.2%), and intermediate resistance was found to tetracycline (51.3%) and amikacin (22.1%). Of the V. parahaemolyticus strains, 68 were resistant to at least three antimicrobial agents, and 2 were resistant to seven antimicrobial agents simultaneously. Up to 18 resistant isolates were found for V. alginolyticus, whereas V. vulnificus and V. cholerae isolates were more susceptible. None of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates carried the EMS-AHPND plasmid. The results of this study revealed the ubiquitous occurrence of Vibrio spp. in shrimps at retail and on shrimp farms in Ecuador.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Shewanella sp. Strain TH2012, Isolated from Shrimp in a Cultivation Pond Exhibiting Early Mortality Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyanuch Wechprasit ◽  
Muthita Panphloi ◽  
Siripong Thitamadee ◽  
Kallaya Sritunyalucksana ◽  
Anuphap Prachumwat
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Early Mortality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Shrimp Pond ◽  
Early Mortality Syndrome ◽  
Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease

Here, we present the complete genome sequence of a Shewanella isolate, TH2012, from a shrimp pond in which shrimp exhibited early mortality syndrome (EMS)/acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). The complete genome of TH2012 has a prophage-like element and a number of potential virulence factors, making TH2012 a possible contributing factor to EMS outbreaks.

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