scholarly journals DRIVERS OF WINE PRODUCTION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: A MACROECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE

New Medit ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
Niaz Bashiri Behmiri ◽  
Leonida Correia ◽  
Sofia Gouveia
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Effect Model

Over the last decades, the European wine industry has been object of increased international competition, which has implications for the dynamics of wine production. This paper examines the underlying factors of wine production in the European Union (EU) from a macroeconomic perspective. We apply an expanded Cobb-Douglas production function, which includes monetary indicators. A dynamic panel data GMM approach along with pooled OLS and fixed effect model for the period from 1999-2014 are applied to estimate the model. We find a positive impact from labour, capital and wine export and a negative impact from interest rate to wine production; however, no robust and significant impact is observed from wine import as well as from inflation and exchange rates. Our results indicate that EU wine production is influenced by monetary policy, which could be a useful instrument for policy makers promoting wine production in this region.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF MACROECONOMIC FACTORS ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN SELECTED SOUTHEASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

TEME ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Andrašić ◽  
Vera Mirović ◽  
Branimir Kalaš
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The Impact

Foreign direct investment has a significant role in Southeastern European countries. The aim of the paper is reflected in assessing the character and nature of the relationship between macroeconomic factors and foreign direct investment in Southeastern European countries. Further, the subject of paper includes the examination of the impact of selected macroeconomic variables on foreign direct investment in six countries for the period from 2000 to 2012. The selected countries are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Romania and Serbia. The research includes an examination impact of market size, national competitiveness and employment on foreign direct investment. By using the Hausman test, it was confirmed that the fixed effect model is an appropriate model in panel analysis. Based on the result, it determined the positive impact of market size, while the industry's share of GDP and employment have a negative impact on this variable. Also, the results confirmed that only the market size of the countries significantly affected on the flow of foreign direct investment in Southeastern European countries.

The impact of international sanctions on energy security

2020 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2093768
Author(s):  
Jun Wen ◽  
Xinxin Zhao ◽  
Quan-Jing Wang ◽  
Chun-Ping Chang
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Different Types ◽  
International Sanctions ◽  
The Impact

This study first investigates different types of sanctions on energy security by employing data from a panel of target countries covering the period 1996–2014 and using the panel fixed effect model. Our evidence indicates that international sanctions do significantly negatively influence the energy security of target countries in some cases. Specifically, unilateral sanctions, U.S. sanctions, economic sanctions, and the intensity of sanctions have a significantly negative impact on energy security. However, plurilateral sanctions, EU sanctions, UN sanctions, and non-economic sanctions have no significant impact on the energy security of target countries. The results of endogeneity concerns are also consistent with the results of the basic regression analysis. Overall, our empirical findings merit particular attention from policy makers of target countries to ensure their energy security when facing international sanctions.

scholarly journals Energy Utilization Efficiency of China Considering Carbon Emissions—Based on Provincial Panel Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 877
Author(s):  
Ge Huang ◽  
Wei Pan ◽  
Cheng Hu ◽  
Wu-Lin Pan ◽  
Wan-Qiang Dai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Effect Model

With the development of the economy, environmental pollution caused by energy consumption has become increasingly prominent. Improving the efficiency of energy utilization is an important way to solve this problem. Firstly, we used a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to calculate the energy utilization efficiency of China’s provinces and regions from the perspective of environmental constraints, including four inputs—labor force, capital stock, energy consumption and carbon emission—and one output, GDP. Secondly, an entity fixed effect model of panel data was built to investigate the influence of openness, urbanization, marketization and industrial structure on energy utilization efficiency in the process of economic structure change. The results indicate that China’s energy efficiency shows a trend of first stabilizing and then declining from 2007 to 2017. Meanwhile, the comprehensive energy efficiency of all provinces and regions is not very ideal. Only Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong constitute the forefront of China’s energy efficiency. The lack of pure technical efficiency in most provinces is the main reason for the low comprehensive efficiency, but there are also obvious differences among provinces and regions. In addition, urbanization, openness and industrial structure have a negative impact on energy efficiency, while marketization has a significant positive impact on energy efficiency. Finally, based on the regional differences, some suggestions were put forward to improve China’s energy utilization efficiency.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF TAKĀFUL OPERATORS’ EFFORTS IN REALISING MAQASID AL- SHARĪʿAH

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-413
Author(s):  
Rashedul Hasan ◽  
Abu Umar Faruq Ahmad ◽  
Haziq Bin Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Conventional Counterpart

Takāful has emerged as a Sharīʿah-compliant alternative to conventional insurance, which is embedded in realising its underlying maqasid (goals or objectives) of Sharīʿah. Contrary to previous studies that attempted to provide evidence that takāful products are compliant with the Sharīʿah in practice of takāful operators (TOs), this paper seeks to take a different approach to investigate their compliance with the fulfilment of  the three broad categories of  maqasid  al-Sharīʿah. In light of the theoretical perspectives of maqasid, each objective was operationally defined for statistical analysis. Six TOs from Malaysia were selected, and five-years’ data (2011-2015) have been collected from World Bank’s websites and annual reports. Secondary data were analysed through balanced panel data approach. Hausman test results indicate that fixed effect model is more appropriate in explaining the explored phenomena. Taxes paid by TOs were found to have a significant positive impact on economic growth and poverty alleviation while payment of zakah found to have a negative impact. The prohibition of riba (interest) should not be the only decisive difference between Islamic finance and its conventional counterpart. Islamic banks (IBs) and TOs are accountable toward Allah, and thus their activities should be directed toward the fulfilment of maqasid al-Sharīʿah. While earlier published literature has explored efficiency and profitability of TOs, the current paper has attempted to focus on the ability of TOs in serving the maslaha (public interest/common good of the community).

scholarly journals Using the Eco-Innovation Index to Assess the Eco-Innovation Performance: Case of Slovakia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Lubica LESAKOVA ◽  
Peter LACO
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Policy

Eco-innovation becomes an emerging priority of the European Union (EU) policy. To secure the environmental protection and economic growth eco-innovations have a central role. As the numerous practical examples demonstrate, eco-innovation is a powerful instrument that combines reduced negative impact on the environment and the positive impact on the economy and society. Emphasizing eco-innovation as a means for achieving sustainable development requires information on the performance of main actors, in particular, countries.

scholarly journals Population, Poverty and Economic Development Nexus: Empirical Study of Some Selected Developing Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sibt e Ali ◽  
Syed Muhammad Faraz Raza ◽  
Syed Muhammad Faraz Raza ◽  
Naeem ul Din ◽  
Syed Zain Ul Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Positive Effect

The major objective of this research is to examine the connection among poverty, population growth and its impact on economic development of different developing countries. This research comprised of panel data for period of 2002-2015. The data has been taken World Bank Indicator (WDI) for twenty six developing countries. To find out the results we use panel data. For the analysis of data we have applied Hausman and Fixed Effect Model in this study. Findings of the study indicate that the consumption of government, export, gross capital formation and industrial value added have positive impact on growth of developing economies. The results show that the variation in these variables has positive effect on dependent variables. On the other hand, economic growth increases due to positive changes in this variable. It is seen in this study that population and poverty has negative impact on GDP per capita in selected developing countries.

Political aspects of security of the European Union Member States

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kusztykiewicz-Fedurek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Political Security ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Eu

Political security is very often considered through the prism of individual states. In the scholar literature in-depth analyses of this kind of security are rarely encountered in the context of international entities that these countries integrate. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to key aspects of political security in the European Union (EU) Member States. The EU as a supranational organisation, gathering Member States first, ensures the stability of the EU as a whole, and secondly, it ensures that Member States respect common values and principles. Additionally, the EU institutions focus on ensuring the proper functioning of the Eurozone (also called officially “euro area” in EU regulations). Actions that may have a negative impact on the level of the EU’s political security include the boycott of establishing new institutions conducive to the peaceful coexistence and development of states. These threats seem to have a significant impact on the situation in the EU in the face of the proposed (and not accepted by Member States not belonging to the Eurogroup) Eurozone reforms concerning, inter alia, appointment of the Minister of Economy and Finance and the creation of a new institution - the European Monetary Fund.

scholarly journals Regional trade and food security challenges: The case of SAARC countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 335-344
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waqas Khalid ◽  
Ashar Sultan Kayani ◽  
Jamal Mohammed Alotaibi ◽  
Muhammad Muddassir ◽  
Bader Alhafi Alotaibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Trade Partners

Higher consumption and increased import requirements for the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) region can be catered through neighboring trade partners if resources are optimally utilized. The purpose of this research is to analyze the connection between regional trade of SAARC countries and the food security challenges faced by the region. The study uses data from 1990–2018 for Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh to econometrically analyze the determinants of the volume of food trade. The results show that the gross domestic product of importing or exporting countries and foreign direct investment (FDI) have positive impact on regional trade. The bilateral exchange rate between trading partners has a negative impact on the trade volume. The results also showed the absence of a long-run relationship between volume of trade and food security using Johansen’s cointegration test. Our analysis suggests that policy makers should focus on the means for creating favorable environment in Pakistan and India to not only meet the increasing global demands for food but also increasing their competitiveness for high-quality and low-quality priced products in major exports markets.

The Impact of Nontariff Trade Policy of European Union Crude Palm Oil Import on Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Rest of the World Economy: An Analysis in GTAP Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Rozy A. Pratama ◽  
Tri Widodo
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Trade Analysis ◽  
Global Trade Analysis Project ◽  
The Impact

Indonesia and Malaysia are the largest producers and exporters of palm oil in the world vegetable oil market. Palm oil and its derivative products are the highest contributors to foreign exchange in 2018. This study aims to analyze the impact of the European Union import non-tariff trade policies on the Indonesian and Malaysian economies The analysis uses the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model of world trade on the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) program. The results of this study found that the non-tariff import policy by the European Union had a negative impact on the economies of Indonesia and Malaysia. Moreover, the policy also has a negative impact on countries in Southeast Asia and the European Union. This shows that the enactment of non-tariff import trade policies for Indonesian and Malaysian palm oil products has a global impact.

scholarly journals Analysis and Assessment of New Permanent Teacher Training Activities under the Erasmus+ Program from the Perspective of the Participants of Spain in Times of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11222
Author(s):  
Daniel Salcedo-López ◽  
Mercedes Cuevas-López
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

The Erasmus+ program (2014–2020) is one of the main initiatives developed by the European Commission in the field of education and is the final joint evolution of other minor and prior actions that provide schools and teachers with funding to carry out international mobility projects with a variety of formative activities. The benefits of carrying out international mobility activities to strengthen student learning and teacher training are well known and have been researched or reported even from the early stages of a program that was born back in the 1980s but has always been focused on the university level. When considering teachers at early levels (schools and high schools), the 2014–2020 Erasmus+ program was the main source of funding to grant Spanish teachers permanent training activities abroad with a direct positive impact on their careers. The year 2020 is the last year of the first evolution of the Erasmus+ program, which has been renewed, extended, and strengthened for a new six-year term (2021–2027). However, 2020 has also been a significant year. The COVID-19 global pandemic continues to affect the mobility of citizens within the different territories of the union and, thus, have a direct negative impact on international teacher and student mobility. Being 2020 the end of a cycle and a critical moment, it is the perfect time to conduct an analysis of the data associated with the participation of teachers and schools in Spain, their perceptions of the program, the different activities carried out, and the impact of the pandemic. This research study is based on an analysis of an opinion survey through a nationwide sample of teachers participating in KA101 Erasmus+ projects. This paper gathers and presents data and conclusions using information previously not available that most of the time is published in official reports globally without considering the particularities of the different states of the European Union.

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