scholarly journals A holistic approach in explaining farmers' intentional behaviour on manure waste utilization

New Medit ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
Intention To Move ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
The Impact

This research examined livestock farmers' intention to move manure waste to an allocated landfill and the impact of financial support by municipalities on farmer's behavior. The theoretical framework was developed using the Theory of Planned Behavior and tested the validity of the model. The survey was carried out with 336 farmers in Bursa, Turkey, where animal husbandry is the primary source of livelihood. Research results have shown that the developed model proved to be satisfactory in predicting farmers' intentions. The attitude (β=0.38; p <0.01) variable was the most important determining factor on farmer behavior followed by subjective norms (β=0.30; p <0.01). Financial incentives provided by local governments was a strong mediator effect between attitude (β=0.62; p <0.01) and farmers' behavior. This study emphasizes that local governments should employ more proactive environmental measures, raise financial incentive initiatives in animal waste management to ensure farmers ' participation in these practices and sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Effects of social network incentives and financial incentives on physical activity and social capital among older women: a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Yamashita ◽  
Shinji Sato ◽  
Ryoichi Akase ◽  
Tatsuo Doi ◽  
Shigeki Tsuzuku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Incentive Group ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Background: Financial incentives have been used to increase physical activity. However, the benefit of financial incentives is lost when an intervention ends. Thus, for this study, we combined social network incentives that leverage the power of peer pressure with financial incentives. Few reports have examined the impact of physical activity on social capital. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to ascertain whether a combination of two incentives could lead to more significant changes in physical activity and social capital during and after an intervention.Methods: The participants were 39 older women over 65 years of age in Kumamoto, Japan. The participants were randomly divided into a financial incentive group (FI group) and a social network incentive plus financial incentive group (SNI+FI group). Both groups underwent a three-month intervention. Measurements of physical activity and social capital were performed before and after the intervention. Additionally, the effects of the incentives on physical activity and social capital maintenance were measured six months postintervention. The financial incentive group received a payment ranging from US$4.40 to US$6.20 per month, depending on the number of steps taken during the intervention. For the other group, we provided a social network incentive in addition to the financial incentive. The SNI+FI group walked in groups of three people to use the power of peer pressure.Results: A two-way ANOVA revealed that in terms of physical activity, there was a statistically significant interaction between group and time (p=0.017). The FI group showed no statistically significant improvement in physical activity during the observation period. The FI group showed no statistically significant improvement in physical activity during the observation period. In terms of social capital, the change in trust approached significance (p=0.08).Conclusion: Our results suggest that social network incentives, in combination with financial incentives, are more effective for promoting physical activity than financial incentives alone among older women and that these effects can continue after an intervention. In the meantime, further studies should be conducted on the effect of physical activity on social capital.

scholarly journals MEKANISME PEMBERIAN INSENTIF TENAGA AKADEMIK DI UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Hani'atul Millah ◽  
Udik Budi Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
State University ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Perverse Incentives ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level 2

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang mekanisme pemberian insentif dan dampaknya terhadap kinerja tenaga akademik di UNY. Dampak insentif ini dilihat secara umum dan pasca- lahirnya kebijakan baru tentang penghentian beberapa insentif finansial dosen tahun 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi dan studi dokumentasi, dengan sampel purposive dan teknik snowball. Pembahasan hasil penelitian dilakukan dengan analisis induktif interpretatif komponensial yang dikembangkan berdasarkan model Spradley. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, (1) UNY tidak memiliki satu aturan khusus dan integral yang mengatur mekanisme pemberian insentif untuk tenaga akademik, baik pada tingkat universitas maupun fakultas. (2) Insentif finansial, non-finansial dan perverse incentives yang ditemukan dari hasil penelitian memiliki pengaruh terhadap kinerja tenaga akademik. Tetapi insentif finansial memiliki pengaruh lebih signifikan dibanding kedua bentuk insentif lain. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan tingkat kehadiran dosen mengajar dan mengawas ujian mahasiswa di kelas yang tinggi saat ada insentif dan menurun saat insentif tersebut dihilangkan. Kata kunci: insentif, dampak insentif, tenaga akademik THE MECHANISM OF INCENTIVE DISTRIBUTION OF ACADEMIC STAFF AT YOGYAKARTA STATE UNIVERSITY Abstract This study reveals the mechanism of incentive distribution and its impact on the performance of academic staff at UNY. Its impact is seen in general and after the issuing of a new policy that stopped the financial incentives of lecturer in 2013. The research used a qualitative method. Data were collected through depth interview, observation, and review of documents, with purposive sampling based on snowball technique. The data was analyzed using componential interpretative inductive analysis developed by Spradley’ model. The result shows, (1) UNY does not have the specific and integral rules that regulate mechanism of incentive distribution for academic staff, both at the university and faculty level. (2) Financial, non-financial and perverse incentives found from the research have an influence on the performance of academic staff, but financial incentive has more significant effect than the two other incentives forms. It is shown by the lecturers presence for teaching and supervising students examination in the class which is high when there is a financial incentives and decreases when there was no financial incentives. Keywords: Incentive, the impact of incentives, academic staff

scholarly journals Effects of social network incentives and financial incentives on physical activity and social capital among older women: a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Yamashita ◽  
Shinji Sato ◽  
Ryoichi Akase ◽  
Tatsuo Doi ◽  
Shigeki Tsuzuku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Incentive Group ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Financial incentives have been used to increase physical activity. However, the benefit of financial incentives is lost when an intervention ends. Thus, for this study, we combined socail network incentives that leverage the power of peer pressure with finacial incentives. Few reports have examined the impact of physical activity on social capital. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to ascertain whether a combination of two incentives could lead to more significant changes in physical activity and socail capital during and after an intervention. Methods The participants were 39 older women over 65 years of age in Kumamoto, Japan. The participants were randomly divided into a financial incentive group (FI group) and a social network incentive plus financial incentive group (SNI+FI group). Both groups underwent a three-month intervention. Measurements of physical activity and social capital were performed before and after the intervention. Additionally, the effects of the incentives on physical activity and social capital maintenance were measured six months postintervention. The financial incentive group received a payment ranging from US$4.40 to US$6.20 per month, depending on the number of steps taken during the intervention. For the other group, we provided a social network incentive in addition to the financial incentive. The SNI+FI group walked in groups of three people to use the power of peer pressure. Results A two-way ANOVA revealed that in terms of physical activity, there was a statistically significant interaction between group and time (p=0.017). The FI group showed no statistically significant improvement in physical activity during the observation period. In terms of social capital, the change in trust approached significance (p=0.08). Conclusion Our results suggest that social network incentives, in combination with financial incentives, are more effective for promoting physical activity and social trust than financial incentives alone among older women and that these effects can continue after an intervention.

Impact of Climate Change on the Farm-based Adaptive Strategies in Bhaktapur District

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 211-228
Author(s):  
Suman Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Shambhu Prasad Khatiwada
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Adaptive Strategies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The Impact

This paper explores the impact of climate change on the farm-based adaptive strategies of the communities in Suryabinayak Municipality, Bhaktapur district. The mixed-method (QUAN-QUL) research design was applied to data collection, although, quantitative method is predominant. There were 107 households sampled purposively from Ward No. 5 and 9. Primary data were collected from field observation, personal interviews, focus group discussion (FGD), and Key informant survey (KIS) methods. Then these data have been analyzed through triangulation. Secondary data were collected from archives and e-resources. Individual experiences, perceptions and views have been analyzed from the Likert (1-5) scale and the Cronbach alpha was applied to the significant test. The findings showed that more than 65 percent of households said they received information on climate change from Radio, TV, and Newspapers. One of the Key persons stated that for almost two decades, cereal crop production is declining since the last two decades. In this regard, more than 72 percent of households reported that the temperature rise is the main reason for declining in yielding of cereal crops. It has followed by the frequent floods in the second (19.6%) and droughts in the least (8.4%). They seem to have adapted diversified livelihood strategies to mitigate the adverse conditions of climate change, such as vegetable farming, floriculture, mushroom farming, poultry, animal husbandry, and fishing according to their socioeconomic systems. However, their responses are varying across time and space based on the adaptive capacity of the local community. In this situation, the cooperation of local governments, non-governmental organizations, financial institutions, and other external supports need to increase adaptive capacity. But there does not seem to be any cooperation between the stakeholders to mitigate the effects of climate change. As a result, the majority of the community still has to rely on traditional farming methods. Thus, the farm-based adaptive strategy seems to be at risk day-by-day.  

scholarly journals Decentralization Policy in Ukraine: How Voluntary Amalgamation, Inter-Municipal Cooperation and Fiscal Incentives Impacted the Local Government System

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-343
Author(s):  
Glendal Wright ◽  
Sergii Slukhai
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Soviet Bloc ◽  
Fiscal Incentives ◽  
Decentralization Policy ◽  
Decentralization Reform ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper examines the progress of implementing a comprehensive decentralization program in Ukraine. Ukraine was practically the last country of the former Soviet bloc to undertake a comprehensive decentralization program. The decentralization program was based on three pillars: (1) a reliance on voluntary amalgamation of the local government units, (2) the use of inter-municipal cooperation, and (3) enhanced financial incentives. The authors examine how these policies were implemented as well as the impact on local governments service delivery and fiscal capacity. The analyses are based on available data and the application of statistical tests measuring fiscal resources to the population size and other variables of the local government. The study has revealed some significant flaws in Ukrainian decentralization policy implementation. The voluntary approach eventually had to be abandoned for a mandatory approach. The weak progress in inter-municipal cooperation did not establish improved service delivery across a large number of local government units. The financial incentives with greater sharing of taxes did not provide sufficient additional resources to make the units financially sustainable. Finally, the results of the local government elections held in the amalgamated units did not reveal widespread support for the new units and the decentralization reforms. These issues create significant risks for the final success of the decentralization reform.

scholarly journals Effects of social network incentives and financial incentives on physical activity and social capital among older women: a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Yamashita ◽  
Shinji Sato ◽  
Ryoichi Akase ◽  
Tatsuo Doi ◽  
Shigeki Tsuzuku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Incentive Group ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Financial incentives have been used to increase physical activity. However, the benefit of financial incentives is lost when an intervention ends. Thus, for this study, we combined social network incentives that leverage the power of peer pressure with financial incentives. Few reports have examined the impact of physical activity on social capital. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to ascertain whether a combination of two incentives could lead to more significant changes in physical activity and social capital during and after an intervention. Methods The participants were 39 older women over 65 years of age in Kumamoto, Japan. The participants were randomly divided into a financial incentive group (FI group) and a social network incentive plus financial incentive group (SNI+FI group). Both groups underwent a three-month intervention. Measurements of physical activity and social capital were performed before and after the intervention. Additionally, the effects of the incentives on physical activity and social capital maintenance were measured six months postintervention. The financial incentive group received a payment ranging from US$4.40 to US$6.20 per month, depending on the number of steps taken during the intervention. For the other group, we provided a social network incentive in addition to the financial incentive. The SNI+FI group walked in groups of three people to use the power of peer pressure. Results A two-way ANOVA revealed that in terms of physical activity, there was a statistically significant interaction between group and time (p=0.017). The FI group showed no statistically significant improvement in physical activity during the observation period. In terms of social capital, the change in trust approached significance ( p =0.08). Conclusion Our results suggest that social network incentives, in combination with financial incentives, are more effective for promoting physical activity than financial incentives alone among older women and that these effects can continue after an intervention. In the meantime, further studies should be conducted on the effect of physical activity on social capital.

scholarly journals Conceptualising the Integration of Strategies by Clinical Commissioning Groups in England towards the Antibiotic Prescribing Targets for the Quality Premium Financial Incentive Scheme: A Short Report

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anyanwu ◽  
Borek ◽  
Tonkin-Crine ◽  
Beech ◽  
Costelloe
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Short Report ◽  
Incentive Scheme ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Resistance Improvement

Background: In order to tackle the public health threat of antimicrobial resistance, improvement in antibiotic prescribing in primary care was included as one of the priorities of the Quality Premium (QP) financial incentive scheme for Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) in England. This paper briefly reports the outcome of a workshop exploring the experiences of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) leads within CCGs in selecting and adopting strategies to help achieve the QP antibiotic targets. Methods: We conducted a thematic analysis of the notes on discussions and observations from the workshop to identify key themes. Results: Practice visits, needs assessment, peer feedback and audits were identified as strategies integrated in increasing engagement with practices towards the QP antibiotic targets. The conceptual model developed by AMS leads demonstrated possible pathways for the impact of the QP on antibiotic prescribing. Participants raised a concern that the constant targeting of high prescribing practices for AMS interventions might lead to disengagement by these practices. Most of the participants suggested that the effect of the QP might be less about the financial incentive and more about having national targets and guidelines that promote antibiotic prudency. Conclusions: Our results suggest that national targets, rather than financial incentives are key for engaging stakeholders in quality improvement in antibiotic prescribing.

867 The Effect of Financial Reward on Opioid Use After Thermal Injury to the Upper Extremity

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S272-S273
Author(s):  
Rebecca Coffey ◽  
Kathryn Schubauer ◽  
Henry Xiang ◽  
John Kevin Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Thermal Injury ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Mechanism Of Injury ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction The widespread use of opioids for the treatment of pain has come under progressive scrutiny in an attempt to address multiple unintended consequences. Despite multiple psychological, social, biological, and legal factors that contribute to pain management strategies, narcotics remain a mainstay for the treatment of burn-pain. As efforts are underway to test novel methods for mitigating pain, it is essential to clearly define models for testing these tools and strategies. This study examines the impact of financial incentives alone on the use of opioids at a single center. Methods Patients with thermal injury to the upper extremity, managed as outpatients, no more than three days from the date of injury and were prescribed the state-encouraged narcotic dosage of no more than 4 tablets (oxycodone, 5mg) per day for no more than 7 days were included. Enrolled patients (n=33) then answered a series of descriptive questions, completed the QuickDASH and had grip strength measurements of each hand. Patients were randomized to one of two groups. Both groups were offered a financial incentive to return a completed pill diary. One group (Incentivized- IC) was offered the possibility of additional financial incentive for each unused oxycodone tablet returned at one week follow up. Only patients who presented a completed pill diary were included in analysis (n=23). Results The Unincentivized (UIC)(n=13) and IC (n=10) were similar age, gender race, ethnicity, mean burn size (1.72% TBSA) and completed level of education. Mechanism of injury was predominantly scald burns (17 scalds, 5 flame injuries, 1 contact injury). Mean difference in grip strength between hands was similar between study groups at enrollment for both UIC and IC patients (-16.60 ±15.92lbs p=0.32,-16.45 ± 12.681lbs p=0.21). The initial QuickDASH scores (15.6lbs, SD 24.6 vs. 7.3lbs SD±10.4 p=0.01) were significant between groups. At one week follow up the difference between grip strength in each hand had improved similarly in each group (-13.16 ±19.71lbs p = 0.51vs. 3.07 ±19.44 lbs, p=0.87 and the increase in QuickDASH score was similar (34.83 SD 23.90 vs.46.09 SD 30.67 p=0.33). The UIC group used a mean of 2.5 tablets/day (±1.5 tab/day) versus the IC group used 2.1 tablets/day (±1.5 tab/day), p=0.46. Conclusions Modest financial incentives do not appear to alter opioid use for acute pain from thermal injury involving the upper extremity. These results support the use of financial rewards, which may encourage participation in future studies without independently affecting opioid use. Finally, it also appears that our state’s encouragement of more stringent prescription practices is appropriate for this mechanism of injury. Applicability of Research to Practice Ongoing research is needed to identify the best tools to decrease use of opioids in acute injury.

scholarly journals Effects of social network incentives and financial incentives on physical activity and social capital among older women: a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Yamashita ◽  
Shinji Sato ◽  
Ryoichi Akase ◽  
Tatsuo Doi ◽  
Shigeki Tsuzuku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Incentive Group ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Financial incentives have been used to increase physical activity. However, the benefit of financial incentives is lost when an intervention ends. Thus, for this study, we combined social network incentives that leverage the power of peer pressure with financial incentives. Few reports have examined the impact of physical activity on social capital. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to ascertain whether a combination of two incentives could lead to more significant changes in physical activity and social capital during and after an intervention. Methods The participants were 39 older women over 65 years of age in Kumamoto, Japan. The participants were randomly divided into a financial incentive group (FI group) and a social network incentive plus financial incentive group (SNI + FI group). Both groups underwent a three-month intervention. Measurements of physical activity and social capital were performed before and after the intervention. Additionally, the effects of the incentives on physical activity and social capital maintenance were measured 6 months postintervention. The financial incentive group received a payment ranging from US$4.40 to US$6.20 per month, depending on the number of steps taken during the intervention. For the other group, we provided a social network incentive in addition to the financial incentive. The SNI + FI group walked in groups of three people to use the power of peer pressure. Results A two-way ANOVA revealed that in terms of physical activity, there was a statistically significant interaction between group and time (p = 0.017). The FI group showed no statistically significant improvement in physical activity during the observation period. In terms of the value of social capital, there was no significant interaction between group and time. Conclusion Our results suggest that social network incentives, in combination with financial incentives, are more effective for promoting physical activity than financial incentives alone among older women and that these effects can continue after an intervention. In the meantime, further studies should be conducted on the effect of physical activity on social capital. Trial registration UMIN000038080, registered on 09/22/2019 (Retrospectively registered).

scholarly journals Impact of Motivation on Productivity of Craftsmen in Construction Firms in Lagos, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afuye Funso ◽  
Letema Sammy ◽  
Munala Gerryshom
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Work Study ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Construction Firms ◽  
Motivation Strategy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Motivation has been identified as a useful tool for enhancing productivity. This study aims at determining the impact of motivation on productivity of craftsmen in construction firms in Lagos, Nigeria. Sixteen motivating factors were identified through literature review common to Nigeria construction climate which were used to design questionnaire for the study. A total of 295 questionnaires were administered with 150 filled and returned. This constitute response rate of 50.85%. Productivity rating was done by work study. The mean of motivating factors was correlated with percentage productive hour observed in the sixteen sites surveyed. The outcome indicates that there is positive linear relationship between motivation and productivity. Therefore, motivation influences craftsmen performance in Nigeria construction industry. Further analysis also shows that craftsmen are basically motivated by financial incentives. The paper recommends that financial incentive should be considered for craftsmen in the industry. Moreover, alternative method to working overtime should be employed. The paper concluded that motivation strategy that will enhance productivity should be adopted for workers in the industry.

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