A Study on the Behavior of Composite Concrete and Open Web Steel Joists

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6A) ◽  
pp. 869-878
Author(s):  
Marwah S. Abduljabbar ◽  
Wael S. Baldawi ◽  
Mohammed J. Hamood
Keyword(s):  
Static Loading ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ultimate Capacity ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Connection Degree ◽  
Shear Connection ◽  
Specimen Test ◽  
Open Web Steel Joist ◽  
Push Out

In this research, the results of three composite open web steel joist static tests are presented along with the results of companion pushout tests. The effect of shear connection degree and span-to-depth ratio on the behavior of composite open web joists under distributed static loading is reviewed and discussed, followed by a comparison of results of the shear stud strength from push-out tests, back-calculated from the ultimate capacity of the composite joist tests, and to the provisions in the AISC, EC4, NZS, SJI, and BS5950. Specimen test results of the studied span-to-depth ratios showed that the load-deflection behavior was similar to ultimate capacity difference less than 10%, but they experienced different failure modes and deflection. And when the test results were compared based on the shear connection degree, they revealed that the composite open web joist designed with partial shear connection suffered from severe deformation and deflection accompanied with higher ultimate capacity

scholarly journals Experimental Behavior of Steel-Concrete Composite Girders with UHPC-Grout Strip Shear Connection

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Zhi-Qi He ◽  
Changxue Ou ◽  
Fei Tian ◽  
Zhao Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Ultimate Capacity ◽  
Horizontal Shear ◽  
Interface Failure ◽  
Interface Shear ◽  
Composite Action ◽  
Shear Connection ◽  
Push Out

This paper develops a new type of shear connection for steel-concrete composite bridges using Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) as the connection grout. The UHPC-grout strip shear connection is fabricated by preforming a roughened slot in the concrete deck slab, welding an embossed steel rib longitudinally to the upper flange of the steel girder, and casting the strip void between the slot and the steel rib with UHPC grout. The structural performance of the new connection was validated by two sets of experimental tests, including push-out testing of shear connectors and static and fatigue testing of composite beams. The results of push-out testing indicate that the UHPC-grout strip shear connection exhibits a significant improvement of ductility, ultimate capacity, and fatigue performance. The interface shear strength of the UHPC-grout strip connection is beyond 15 MPa, which is about three times that of the strip connection using traditional cementitious grouts. The ultimate capacity of the connection is dominated by the interface failure between the embossed steel and the UHPC grout. The results of composite-beam testing indicate that full composite action is developed between the precast decks and the steel beams, and the composite action remained intact after testing for two million load cycles. Finally, the trail design of a prototype bridge shows that this new connection has the potential to meet the requirements for horizontal shear.

scholarly journals Test and Numerical Model of Curved Steel–Concrete Composite Box Beams under Positive Moments

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2978
Author(s):  
Zhi-Min Liu ◽  
Xue-Jin Huo ◽  
Guang-Ming Wang ◽  
Wen-Yu Ji
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Static Loading ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Outer Side ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rotational Angle ◽  
Shear Connection ◽  
Box Beams

Compared with straight steel–concrete composite beams, curved composite beams exhibit more complicated mechanical behaviors under combined bending and torsion coupling. There are much fewer experimental studies on curved composite beams than those of straight composite beams. This study aimed to investigate the combined bending and torsion behavior of curved composite beams. This paper presents static loading tests of the full elastoplastic process of three curved composite box beams with various central angles and shear connection degrees. The test results showed that the specimens exhibited notable bending and torsion coupling force characteristics under static loading. The curvature and interface shear connection degree significantly affected the force behavior of the curved composite box beams. The specimens with weak shear connection degrees showed obvious interfacial longitudinal slip and transverse slip. Constraint distortion and torsion behavior caused the strain of the inner side of the structure to be higher than the strain of the outer side. The strain of the steel beam webs was approximately linear. In addition, fine finite element models of three curved composite box beams were established. The correctness and applicability of the finite element models were verified by comparing the test results and numerical calculation results for the load–displacement curve, load–rotational angle curve, load–interface slip curve, and cross-sectional strain distribution. Finite element modeling can be used as a reliable numerical tool for the large-scale parameter analysis of the elastic–plastic mechanical behavior of curved composite box beams.

Experimental Study on Shear Behavior of Perfobond Connector with Boot Shaped Slots

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanchong Shi ◽  
Qingtian Su ◽  
Xinyi He ◽  
Quanlu Wang ◽  
Kege Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Shear Stiffness ◽  
Shear Capacity ◽  
High Shear ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Precise Location ◽  
Construction Problem ◽  
Circular Holes ◽  
New Type ◽  
Push Out

<p>In order to solve the construction problem of perforating rebars’ precise location and it’s getting through the circular holes for the the conventional perfobond connector, a new type of perfobond connector with boot shaped slots was proposed. This new type perfobond connector has the advantage of convenient construction and pricise location. Three groups of push-out tests with nine specimens were carried out to study the shear capacity of the new type perfobond connector. The effect of the number and the spacing of boot shaped slots on failure modes, shear capacity, peak slip and shear stiffness were mainly studied. The test results show that the new type of perfobond connector with boot shaped slots has a high shear capacity and a good ductility, it could be widely applied on the connection between the steel and the concrete structures.</p>

Experimental Study on Seismic Behavior of Strengthening Joints in Light Steel Adding Storey

2013 ◽  
Vol 671-674 ◽  
pp. 1480-1483
Author(s):  
Rong Guo ◽  
Shao Wei Zhao ◽  
Kun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Stiffness Degradation ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Concrete Frame ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Strengthening Method

In order to acquire the seismic performance of three different types of nodes between the concrete frame and the light steel adding storey, the pseudo-static tests were carried out to analyse contrastively these specimens’ failure modes, stiffness degradation, hysteretic curves and energy dissipation. The test results showed that : Three nodes’ destruction were due to the plastic hinges emerging at the end of beam; both encased steel and carbon fiber strengthening method can improve the seismic behavior, and in terms of the ultimate bearing capacity, energy consumption ability，the encased steel strengthening one can improved more significantly, and the encased steel one can effectively slow down the speed of stiffness degradation.

Numerical Simulation of UHPFRC-NSC Composite Beam with Diana

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 6040-6043
Author(s):  
Yi Hong Guo ◽  
Gang Ling Hou ◽  
Nan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Composite Beam ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Crack Model ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Shear Connection ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Push Out

This paper presents three-dimensional numerical simulation of UHPFRC-NSC composite beam with Diana. An elastic-plastic fracture model is proposed to describe material properties of UHPFRC. Differing from other concrete constitutive model, this one considers strain hardening in tension because of characteristic of UHPFRC. A total strain rotating crack model is used to describe material properties of NSC. The results of relevant push-out tests are used to describe the shear force-slip relationship of shear connection between UHPFRC girder and NSC slab. The numerical investigation focuses on the evaluation of load-deflection behavior, failure mode and shear connection. The agreement of test results and numerical results indicates the reliability of model.

FEASIBILITY OF USING BOLTED SHEAR CONNECTOR WITH COLD-FORMED STEEL IN COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (6-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapha Muhammad Lawan ◽  
Mahmood Md. Tahir ◽  
Emad Hosseinpour
Keyword(s):  
Shear Connector ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Composite Construction ◽  
Composite Action ◽  
Shear Connectors ◽  
Shear Connection ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Hot Rolled Steel ◽  
Push Out

In conventional composite construction for hot-rolled steel (HRS) section, the composite action is usually achieved by using headed studs shear connectors. But, for cold-formed steel (CFS) section, the use of headed studs is not feasible as the section is very thin and difficult to be weld.  Therefore, an innovative way of shear connection mechanism of using bolt and nut is suggested in this study. This paper presents the feasibility of using bolt as shear connector by presenting experimental test results so as to explore more on their capability to be used as shear connectors. The study investigated the structural capability of the proposed bolted shear connector when used in concrete known as Self-compacting concrete (SCC) integrated with CFS to provide the required composite action. Push out test specimens with bolted shear connector of grade 8.8 at designated intervals longitudinally spaced were fabricated, cast and tested to failure. The results showed that the proposed shear connector was structurally capable and also an appreciable strength resistance was achieved. 

scholarly journals Push-out Test of Profiled Metal Decking Slabs with Cold-formed Steel Beams and Rebar Shear Connector

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Achmad Abraham S. ARMO ◽  
Anis SAGGAFF ◽  
Mahmood Bin Md. TAHIR
Keyword(s):  
Composite Beam ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Shear Capacity ◽  
Shear Connector ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Modes Of Failure ◽  
Beam Design ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
Push Out

New methods to provide shear strength on the cold-formed steel (CFS) lipped c-channel section composite beam encased with concrete partially is proposed using rebars embedded in concrete. The development of research on the CFS composite beams technology with partial encasement shows that the section of the composite beam encased with concrete partially can provide ductile flexural action for the composite beam. The application of profiled metal decking slabs in the composite beam is becoming increasingly popular compared to solid slabs. However, it has a detrimental effect on the structural behavior of a composite beam. This research is aimed primarily at presenting the behavior of the rebar shear connector to evaluated ductility, shear capacity, and modes of failure. Two samples using a rebar 12 mm in diameter in the profiled metal decking slabs and solid slabs were tested using the standard push-out test till failure. For the composite beam design, the proposed shear connector embedded in the slab concrete and the CFS encased with concrete partially used the test results’ shear capacity, greater than the values as proposed by section 3.1, BS 5950. Due to rebars shear-off, the solid slab specimen failed with the highest load of 489.6 kN while the Profiled Metal Decking Slab specimen failed due to the formation of the cracks on the PMDS at 421.1 KN ultimate loading. HIGHLIGHTS A new system of the rebar shear connectors for the Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) composite beam partially encased in concrete have been developed The main purpose of push-out testing is to investigate the shear capacity and ductility of the proposed shear connector failure modes and load-slip connections The shear capacity of the test results is greater than the values as indicated by BS 5950 Part 3.1 The proposed rebars as a shear connector for partly embedded CFS can be used in the construction GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Experimental Study on Properties of Side Joint between Superimposed Slabs with Lattice Steel Bars

2014 ◽  
Vol 638-640 ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Xian Guo Ye ◽  
Kai Nan Yang ◽  
Xun Chong ◽  
Qing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Static Loading ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Service Condition ◽  
Shear Capacity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Bending Performance ◽  
Remarkable Effect ◽  
Steel Bars

Mechanical properties of joint between superimposed slabs have a remarkable effect on the bending performance of the whole slab. To study the bending performance of superimposed slabs with different forms of joint, six superimposed slabs were designed and produced. Based on the static loading experiment, load was concentrated on two three-equal-division points, bearing capacity, deformation, cracks of specimens were obtained. Whether there were lattice steel bars in the precast slab or not and different reinforcement in the joint were considered to study the bending performance. The test results show that the failure mode of slab without lattice steel bars is brittle while others are ductile. Lattice steel bars can control the development of cracks along the superposed surface, increasing the shear capacity and improving the ductility of specimens. The bearing capacity of the whole superimposed slab depends on the joint cross section. The joint would not generate a difference to the deflection curves in service condition. When reinforcement in the joint is strengthened, failure modes of slabs will be effectively improved.

Tests of full-size composite beams with perfobond rib connectors

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Oguejiofor ◽  
M. U. Hosain
Keyword(s):  
Composite Beam ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Transverse Reinforcement ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ultimate Capacity ◽  
Reinforcing Bars ◽  
Flexural Capacity ◽  
Full Size ◽  
Push Out

This paper presents the test results of six full-size composite beam specimens with perfobond rib shear connectors embedded in solid concrete slab. The objective of this investigation was to study the performance of this connector in full-size composite beams and to correlate the test results with those obtained from push-out specimens. In the first three beam specimens, the amount of transverse reinforcement was varied. Two other specimens were used to investigate the effectiveness of more perfobond rib connectors of shorter length. The effect of passing transverse reinforcing bars through the connector rib holes was investigated using the last specimen. Failure of the test specimens was initiated by longitudinal splitting of the concrete slab, eventually culminating in the crushing of concrete in the bearing zone immediately in front of the end perfobond rib connectors. The test results showed that increasing the transverse reinforcement ratio, excluding the wire mesh, from 0.11% to 0.20% led to a 10% increase in the ultimate capacity. The test specimen with six 251 mm long connectors sustained 11% higher ultimate capacity compared to that with four 376 mm long connectors. An increase of 8.4% in the ultimate strength was observed when transverse reinforcing bars were passed through the perfobond rib holes while keeping the total amount of transverse reinforcement unchanged. The experimental values of the ultimate flexural capacity of the beam specimens were, on the average, approximately 1.11 times the predicted values based on push-out test results. Key words: composite beam, perfobond rib connector, push-out test, full-size test, flexural capacity.

The Behaviour Of Square Sandwich Panel Part I: Under Static Loading

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amran Alias ◽  
Nor Azlan Ahmad Nor ◽  
Mohd Radzai Said
Keyword(s):  
Static Loading ◽  
Sandwich Panel ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Dynamic Tests ◽  
Concentrated Load ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Static Test ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Observed Damage

Kajian mengenai panel apit segi empat terdiri daripada dua bahagian. Dalam bahagian pertama, prestasi dan kelakuan panel apit segi empat yang dikenakan beban statik dikaji. Panel apit ini sokong oleh unit sokongan dan dikenakan bebanan dibahagian tengahnya dengan menggunakan penakuk separa bulat dan penakuk rata. Panel apit spesifik yang digunakan untuk projek ini ialah kepingan keluli lembut, foam PVC yang dinamakan R55 dan teras daripada busa poli uretana (PU). Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan bukti secara eksperimen tentang corak serta jenis kegagalan panel apit segi empat yang dikenakan beban tumpu di tengah–tengahnya dan disokong pada setiap bucunya. Selepas ujian statik dilakukan, lengkungan bagi setiap panel ditentukan. Hubungan antara pertumbuhan kerosakan dan kelakuan kerosakan semasa ujian statik ke atas panel dikaji. Dalam bahagian kedua, ujian dinamik dijalankan untuk menentukan prestasi, kelakuan, dan kesan bagi jenis busa serta hubungan antara tenaga masukan daripada ujian statik dan dinamik. Kata kunci: Panel apit segi empat, foam PU, foam PVC (R55), mod kegagalan This series of papers on behaviour of square sandwich panel consists of two parts. In part I, the performance and behaviour of the square sandwich panel under static loading was first examined. The sandwich panel was centrally loaded by using hemispherical and flat indenters on their respective support units. The panel materials used specifically for this project are mild steel skin and PVC foam namely R55 and polyurethane (PU) foam cores. The aim of this study is to obtain experimental evidence of the failure modes of square sandwich panels under concentrated load at the centre of panels, simply supported at the four edge corners for the square panel. After static tests, the whole curves for each panel were determined. The relation between the observed damage evelopment, the property of degradation during the static test of the panels was investigated. In part II, the dynamic tests will be conducted in order to determine the performance, behaviour, effect of foam’s type and the correlation between input energy from static and dynamic tests. Key words: Square sandwich panel, PU foam, PVC foam (R55), failure modes

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