scholarly journals Pandemics, Climate and Public Finance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Battiston ◽  
Monica Billio ◽  
Irene Monasterolo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Taxation Policy ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
The Eu

The outbreak of COVID-19 and the containment measures are having an unprecedented socio-economic impact in the European Union (EU) and elsewhere. The policies introduced so far in the EU countries promote a ‘business as usual’ economic recovery. This short-term strategy may jeopardise the mid-to-long-term sustainability and financial stability objectives. In contrast, strengthening the socio-economic resilience against future pandemics, as well as other shocks, calls for recovery measures that are fully aligned to the objectives of the EU Green Deal and of the EU corporate taxation policy. Tackling these long-term objectives is not more costly than funding the current short-term measures. Remarkably, it may be the only way to build resilience to future crises.

Italy's politics without policy: Balancing Atlanticism and Europeanism in the Middle East

Modern Italy ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella A. Del Sarto ◽  
Nathalie Tocci
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Government ◽  
Specific Interests ◽  
Policy Shifts ◽  
The Eu

Focusing on Italy's Middle East policies under the second Berlusconi (2001–2006) and the second Prodi (2006–2008) governments, this article assesses the manner and extent to which the observed foreign policy shifts between the two governments can be explained in terms of the rebalancing between a ‘Europeanist’ and a transatlantic orientation. Arguing that Rome's policy towards the Middle East hinges less on Italy's specific interests and objectives in the region and more on whether the preference of the government in power is to foster closer ties to the United States or concentrate on the European Union, the analysis highlights how these swings of the pendulum along the EU–US axis are inextricably linked to a number of underlying structural weaknesses of Rome's foreign policy. In particular, the oscillations can be explained by the prevalence of short-term political (and domestic) considerations and the absence of long-term, substantive political strategies, or, in short, by the phenomenon of ‘politics without policy’ that often characterises Italy's foreign policy.

scholarly journals Conceptions regarding sustainable agriculture – the national sustainable development strategy

2006 ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Andrea Gáthy
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu

The task of the national sustainable development strategy is to provide a long term conception for the economy and society, so that this might function and develop in harmony with the environment. Creating the conditions for sustainable agricultural production requires the elaboration and implementation of long-term programs spanning generations. The objective is to find a compromise between the conceptions appearing in the long-term and the short-term programs.In Hungary, several principles, conceptions and proposals have been suggested regarding sustainable agriculture. In the present study, I intend to systematize the above mentioned principles and conceptions, and compare them to the conceptions regarding agriculture in the national strategies of the EU member states. Furthermore, I examine to what extent the agricultural policy of the European Union supports the conceptions regarding agriculture in the strategies. This topic deserves special attention, as the Hungarian national sustainable development strategy is being prepared and is supposed to be finished by the end of 2005.

scholarly journals Capital Markets Union: A Vision for the Long Term

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Véron ◽  
Guntram B. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Capital Markets ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Financial Integration ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Capital Markets Union ◽  
Improve Access

Abstract Capital Markets Union (CMU) is a welcome economic policy initiative. If well designed and implemented, it can improve access to funding, the allocation of capital, prospects for savers, and financial stability in the European Union. But since financial ecosystems only change slowly, CMU cannot be a short-term cyclical instrument to substitute for subdued bank lending. Shifting financial intermediation towards capital markets will require persistent action on multiple fronts. The policy agenda should aim to enhance both capital markets development and cross-border financial integration, two distinct but mutually reinforcing aims; to increase the transparency, reliability, and comparability of information, a key enabler of trust in financial markets which always involve information asymmetries; and to adequately address financial stability concerns. We propose a staged process to sustain the momentum and make Europe’s CMU fully worthy of its 'union' label.

scholarly journals MIGRATION CRISIS IN THE EU: IS THE PEAK PASSED?

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Olga Potemkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
The Eu

The article analyses the prospects of a new migration crisis in the European Union. Referring the statistics of displaced persons within Afghanistan and the neighboring countries, the author predicts potential threat of an emergency migration influx to Europe. The factors are proposed that can cause a significant outflow of population from the country, but at the same time obstacles preventing a large number of Afghan asylum seekers from reaching the borders of the European Union: external pressure on the Taliban government to maintain control over emigration, remoteness from Europe and the excessive cost of travel, EU measures to strengthen the external border. The author concludes that there is a small probability of new large-scale migration crisis in the short term but does not exclude it in the long term if the plans of the European Union and the international community to assign responsibility for Afghan refugees to neighboring countries are not implemented. In the meantime, the author notes, the plans of the European Union are criticized by both MEPs and human rights.

Brexit: An End to the End of History

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Matej Avbelj
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The West ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
End Of History ◽  
Illiberal Democracy ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Eu

Britain has voted to withdraw from the European Union. This is a victory. For European populists. For Putin's Russia. As well as for the new world system of governance, what Victor Orban has called “illiberal democracy.” The era of the modern West, in the form that emerged out of the ashes of the WWII, is coming to an end. The West alone is to be blamed for that. As it has been hit by one crisis after the other, the West has continued to merely scratch the surface in looking for ad hoc, immediate, and almost exclusively economic solutions. The emphasis is always on the symptoms but never on the disease. In so doing, the West has turned a blind eye on a process of deep, internal transformation. The post-Brexit debate that will ensue in the following days and months will most likely stay faithful to this legacy. The discussion will remain superficial, preoccupied with economic and political questions, limited to the short-term quests of reorganizing the EU in pursuit of its long-term viability. But I want to insist that the challenge is much bigger than the future of the EU. It is about the preservation of the West, understood here as a synonym for liberal democracy and the commitment to the rule of law. We are confronted with the difficult—even terrifying question: How are we to build a new modernity on the debris of the modern post-war West in order to avoid repeating the bitter historical experiences of the pre-war Europe.

scholarly journals Internationalization of Oman Fisheries Firms After the European Union Ban

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
L. Zaibet ◽  
H. Boughanmi ◽  
A. AI-Marshudi ◽  
T. AI-Hinai
Keyword(s):  
International Markets ◽  
Strategic Thinking ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Government Support ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Safety Control ◽  
European Markets ◽  
The Eu

This paper examines the impacts of the l998 ban on Oman fish exports to the EU markets and ensuing the internationalization of Oman fish companies. The ban raises two concerns that the paper intends to answer: (i) how firms have responded to surmount the ban, and (ii) which strategies are more effective in the process of internationalization. The paper distinguishes three sets of actions: during the ban and immediate actions; short term actions; and long term actions. Besides government support for the implementation of international norms of quality and safety control, firms have responded individually to the EU ban. The actions subsequently undertaken by firms in response to the ban were selected: identification of new markets (alternatives); implementation of the required regulations and needed support to continue exporting to traditional European markets (competence); and long term business and marketing strategies (strategic thinking). These actions or steps represent the internationalization process or approach followed by the fisheries firms in Oman. All these actions have been undertaken after the EU ban, which leads to the conclusion that the ban has indeed worked as a driving force to internationalize, i.e. to develop the requisites of international markets.  

scholarly journals The influence of national culture on the compensation system in selected countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-20
Author(s):  
Dimitrije Gašić
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Compensation System ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Incentive Pay ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The escalating pace of globalization affects the increased need of organizations to develop effective compensation programs. Business cannot be imagined without one of the key things and that is human resources. Creative and productive employees are of great importance for the success of any organization. For the satisfaction and loyalty of employees, the compensation system, which consists of basic pay, incentive pay, and benefits, is of key importance. The goal of the compensation system is to simultaneously ensure the main goals of employees and employers, i.e. the purchasing power and satisfaction of employees, as well as the business success of the company. In times of crisis, determining the amount of basic pay, selecting adequate incentives, and offering various benefits became especially important. The aim of this paper is to present the basic elements of the compensation system in twenty countries around the world and to analyze the impact of national culture on the compensation system. The paper will present the following dimensions of national culture according to Hofstede's classification: distance from power, individualism versus collectivism, male versus female cultures, avoidance of uncertainty, long-term versus short-term orientation, compliant versus restrained cultures. The analysis included twenty countries around the world, which are grouped as follows: the first 8 countries are members of the EU, the other 6 countries are located in the CEE region and the last 6 countries represent very important countries around the world. The paper determines the influence of the dimensions of national culture on the compensation system in selected countries from the European Union, the region of Central and Eastern Europe, and other countries, the paper is the basis for further research in this area.

European Integration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann P. Arnason
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
The Eu

Different understandings of European integration, its background and present problems are represented in this book, but they share an emphasis on historical processes, geopolitical dynamics and regional diversity. The introduction surveys approaches to the question of European continuities and discontinuities, before going on to an overview of chapters. The following three contributions deal with long-term perspectives, including the question of Europe as a civilisational entity, the civilisational crisis of the twentieth century, marked by wars and totalitarian regimes, and a comparison of the European Union with the Habsburg Empire, with particular emphasis on similar crisis symptoms. The next three chapters discuss various aspects and contexts of the present crisis. Reflections on the Brexit controversy throw light on a longer history of intra-Union rivalry, enduring disputes and changing external conditions. An analysis of efforts to strengthen the EU’s legal and constitutional framework, and of resistances to them, highlights the unfinished agenda of integration. A closer look at the much-disputed Islamic presence in Europe suggests that an interdependent radicalization of Islamism and the European extreme right is a major factor in current political developments. Three concluding chapters adopt specific regional perspectives. Central and Eastern European countries, especially Poland, are following a path that leads to conflicts with dominant orientations of the EU, but this also raises questions about Europe’s future. The record of Scandinavian policies in relation to Europe exemplifies more general problems faced by peripheral regions. Finally, growing dissonances and divergences within the EU may strengthen the case for Eurasian perspectives.

Unfolding the case of returnees: How the European Union and its member States are addressing the return of foreign fighters and their families

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Carlota Rigotti ◽  
Júlia Zomignani Barboza
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Member States ◽  
Foreign Fighters ◽  
Term Response

Abstract The return of foreign fighters and their families to the European Union has mostly been considered a security threat by member States, which consequently adopt repressive measures aimed at providing an immediate, short-term response to this perceived threat. In addition to this strong-arm approach, reintegration strategies have also been used to prevent returnees from falling back into terrorism and to break down barriers of hostility between citizens in the long term. Amidst these different strategies, this paper seeks to identify which methods are most desirable for handling returnees.

scholarly journals Exploring the Road to Agricultural Sustainability by Assessing the EU Debt Influencing Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2465
Author(s):  
Laura Brad ◽  
Gabriel Popescu ◽  
Alina Zaharia ◽  
Maria Claudia Diaconeasa ◽  
Daniela Mihai
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total Debt ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Periodic Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The importance of agricultural financing in ensuring food security and safety, jobs, poverty reduction, economic growth and more recently, climate change mitigation, natural resource conservation and sustainable development imposes periodic analysis of the factors which might influence the farmers’ financial situation, in order to improve it. One way of assessing this is to analyze the agricultural debt. In this context, based on previous models, the paper aims to assess the impact of specific factors on the agricultural debt level in the European Union during 2008–2015, as these should be considered in future common agriculture policies as well as in achieving sustainable agriculture. The research was conducted based on econometric techniques, by applying panel models in the Eviews 7.0 software-64 bit version. More than 20 variables were considered in the analysis. Some of the findings suggest that an increase in subsidies as well as the share of cash flow in the total existing capital would determine considerable reductions of the total debt. Decoupled subsidies seem to have a higher impact than coupled subsidies on short term debt, while its value is between the one found for coupled subsidies in the case of long term debt. Large farms/companies, to which decoupled payments are granted, have higher debts on long run and on total debt. The same units, to which coupled subsidies were granted, have smaller short-term debt. In contrast, the increases of labor costs, fixed costs, and crop/livestock costs lead to an increase in the total debt, since the farms require additional financial resources to cover the expanded costs. Also, the results suggest that short-term debts are mainly formed of long-term loans that reached maturity. In this case, the authors support the idea of differentiated financing programs for the agricultural activities because of their peculiarities and reinforced by the need to turn the intensive agriculture into a sustainable and plentiful one.

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