Il paesaggio è partecipazione, ma…

The paper focuses on the considerable distance that can be found around the theme of participation between the approach of the European Landscape Convention of 2000 and that of Italian Landscape Protection Law (Legislative Decree No. 42 of 2004).

The Landscape Observatory of Catalonia Managing and Planning the Landscape with the Communities

10.30687/978-88-6969-562-9/025 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pere Sala i Martí

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Local Communities ◽

Different Dimensions ◽

Set Up ◽

Selection Of ◽

In December 2000 the Parliament of Catalonia (Spain) signed the European Landscape Convention (ELC). Five years later, in 2005, Parliament passed the Landscape Protection, Management and Planning Act 8/2005, and the Landscape Observatory of Catalonia was set up as the Generalitat of Catalonia’s assessment body and as a way to create public awareness on landscape. Managing and planning the landscape with the communities is one of the main challenges of the ELC. This paper will explain a short selection of initiatives promoted by the Landscape Observatory or in which the Landscape Observatory is involved, which clearly show that different dimensions of the landscape are generating increasing local interest, as local communities perceive the landscape as a catalyst for development and a way to increase self-esteem, identity and quality of life.

Landscape Protection in International Law

10.1093/oso/9780198826248.001.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amy Strecker

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

International Law ◽

Cultural Landscapes ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Unesco World Heritage ◽

Spatial Justice ◽

The Public ◽

Sustainable Agricultural Practices ◽

This book explores the various avenues—institutional, substantive, and procedural—for the protection of landscape in international law. Since the inclusion of ‘cultural landscapes’ within the scope of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention in 1992, landscape has gained increasing importance at the international level. ‘Cultural landscapes’ were intended to give recognition to the intangible and associative values attached to certain landscapes, to sustainable agricultural practices, and to ‘people and communities’—essentially the human dimension of landscape. This shift came full circle with the adoption of the European Landscape Convention (ELC) in 2000. The European Landscape Convention conceives of landscape above all as a people’s landscape and accordingly, provides for the active participation of the public in the formulation of plans and polices. It not only focuses on outstanding landscapes, but also on the everyday and degraded landscapes where most people live and work. This brings ‘landscape’ back to its early etymological origins—when it corresponded to a close up, human perspective—and has a number of implications for human rights, democracy, and spatial justice. How does international law, which deals for the most part with universality, deal with something so region-specific and particular as landscape? What is the legal conception of landscape and what are the various roles played by international law in its protection? This book assesses the institutional framework for landscape protection, analyses the interplay between landscape and human rights, and links the etymology and theory of landscape with its articulation in law.

Introduction

10.1093/oso/9780198826248.003.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Amy Strecker

Keyword(s):

International Law ◽

International Level ◽

Legal Analysis ◽

Landscape Governance ◽

Normative Framework ◽

Law And Justice ◽

This chapter provides an introduction to Landscape Protection in International Law. It discusses the scope and terms of reference used throughout the book and provides an overview of the book’s structure. Since the adoption of the European Landscape Convention in 2000, there has been a burgeoning amount of literature relating to landscape from a variety of disciplines. However, in the realm of legal analysis there has been comparatively scarce investigation. While it is true that landscape requires more than strict legal approaches, the conceptual convergence of landscape, law, and justice means that law as a discipline can contribute to discussions on landscape governance in a productive way, especially given the expanding normative framework dealing with landscape protection at the international level.

Waldpolitik des Bundes – Ein neuer Prozess ist gestartet | Federal forest policy – the start of a new process

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2001.0531 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 152 (12) ◽

pp. 531-533

Author(s):

Werner Schärer

Keyword(s):

Nature Conservation ◽

Regional Policy ◽

Forest Policy ◽

Economic Policies ◽

Forest Owners ◽

Protection Policy ◽

Joint Task ◽

New Process ◽

Clean Air ◽

Modern forest policy must take the following two conditions into account:1. Forest policy is an intersectoral policy involving elements of regional policy, nature conservation and landscape protection policy, as well as agricultural, clean-air, climate and economic policies.2. It is the joint task of the federal authorities, cantons, municipalities,relevant organisations and forest owners. Over the next few years, Buwal will develop a forestry programme for Switzerland together with all the relevant actors,which will fulfil both current and forthcoming forest policy requirements at both national and international levels.

Conclusions

10.1093/oso/9780198826248.003.0010 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Amy Strecker

Keyword(s):

International Law ◽

Eu Law ◽

World Heritage Convention ◽

State Practice ◽

The World ◽

State Obligations ◽

Made In ◽

The final chapter of this book advances four main conclusions on the role of international law in landscape protection. These relate to state obligations regarding landscape protection, the influence of the World Heritage Convention and the European Landscape Convention, the substantive and procedural nature of landscape rights, and the role of EU law. It is argued that, although state practice is lagging behind the normative developments made in the field of international landscape protection, landscape has contributed positively to the corpus of international cultural heritage law and indeed has emerged as a nascent field of international law in its own right.

The 1972 UNESCO World Heritage Convention

10.1093/oso/9780198826248.003.0005 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Amy Strecker

Keyword(s):

Cultural Landscapes ◽

World Heritage ◽

Unesco World Heritage ◽

Spatial Justice ◽

Landscape Governance ◽

World Heritage Convention ◽

The World ◽

The One ◽

Conceptual Dependency ◽

Chapter 5 analyses the evolving conception and protection of landscape in the World Heritage Convention. First, it traces the development of landscape protection from its early conceptual dependency on nature, to the incorporation of ‘cultural landscapes’ within the Convention’s scope in 1992. It then discusses the typology of cultural landscapes, issues of representativeness and the implications of the Word Heritage system for landscape protection globally, as well as locally. In this regard, a number of cases are analysed which, on the one hand, support the World Heritage Convention’s instrumental role in landscape governance, but which on the other, highlight the problems involved in ascribing World Heritage status to living landscapes from a spatial justice perspective.

Isoglosses and language change: Evidence of the rise and loss of isoglosses from a comparison of early Greek and early English

Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics ◽

10.1515/psicl-2020-0018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 553-575

Author(s):

Nikolaos Lavidas

Keyword(s):

Language Change ◽

The Other ◽

Linguistic Features ◽

Considerable Distance ◽

Causative Constructions ◽

European Languages ◽

Other Hand ◽

Structural Ambiguity ◽

Early English ◽

Aspectual Verbs

Abstract We analyze the rise and loss of isoglosses in two Indo-European languages, early Greek and early English, which, however, show considerable distance between their structures in many other domains. We follow Keidan’s approach (2013), that has drawn the attention on the fact that the study of isoglosses (i.e., linguistic features common to two or more languages) is connected with common innovations of particular languages after the split into sub-groups of Indo-European: this type of approach aims at collecting isoglosses that appear across the branches of Indo-European. We examine the rise of the isogloss of labile verbs and the loss of the isogloss of the two classes of aspectual verbs in early Greek and early English. Our study shows that the rise of labile verbs in both languages is related to the innovative use of intransitives in causative constructions. On the other hand, the innovations in voice morphology follow different directions in Greek and English and are unrelated to the rise of labile verbs. In contrast to labile verbs, which are still predominant for causative-anticausative constructions in both languages, the two classes of aspectual verbs are lost in the later stages of Greek but are predominant even in Present-day English. Again, a “prerequisite” change for the isogloss can be easily located in a structural ambiguity that is relevant for aspectual verbs in early Greek and early English. However, another independent development, the changes in verbal complementation (the development of infinitival and participial complements) in Greek and English, determined the loss of this isogloss.

Mind the Gap: Why the Landscape Planning System in Sardinia Does Not Work

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13137300 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 7300

Author(s):

Anna Maria Colavitti ◽

Alessio Floris ◽

Sergio Serra

Keyword(s):

Landscape Planning ◽

Comparative Method ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Planning System ◽

Local Planning ◽

The Common ◽

Regional Landscape ◽

In Italy, after the introduction of the Code of Cultural Heritage and Landscape in 2004, the Regional Landscape Plan (RLP) has acquired a coordination role in the urban planning system, for the implementation of policies for landscape protection and valorisation. The case study of the RLP of Sardinia is a paradigmatic application to the coastal area of the island, which is considered most vulnerable and subject to settlement pressure. The objectives of preservation and valorisation of the territorial resources should be transferred into local planning instruments by adopting strategies aimed at the preservation of the consolidated urban fabric, at the requalification and completion of the existing built-up areas according to the principles of land take limitation and increase in urban quality. The paper investigates the state of implementation and the level of integration of landscape contents in the local plans that have been adapted to the RLP, using a qualitative comparative method. In addition, the results of the plan coherence checks, elaborated by the regional monitoring bodies after the adaptation process, have been analysed to identify the common criticalities and weaknesses. The results highlight the lack of effectiveness of the RLP, after more than a decade since its approval, considering the limited number of adequate local plans and the poor quality of their analytical and regulative contents in terms of landscape protection and valorisation. Conclusions suggest some possible ways to revise the RLP, focusing on the participation of local communities and the development of a new landscape culture.