Comparative assessment, optimization and characterization of bioactive constituents from Amaranthus species: An indigenous lesser-known vegetables of India

Amaranthus Tricolor L. (red amaranth) and Amaranthus Viridis (Green amaranth) are Amaranthaceae members, widely cultivated in Asia and consumed as a leafy vegetable in many parts of the world. This study deal with the nutritional and functional, and biochemical characterization of A. Tricolor and A. viridis . Single-factor experiments and Box Behnken Design (BBD) were used to optimize the extraction process for the phenolic compound from A. Tricolor and A. viridis . The BBD shows that 11.87mg/g phenolic extract of A. Tricolor produced at the optimal condition of solid to water ratio (1:15), temperature (30°C), and time (15 min). Similarly, A. viridis isolated 18.36mg/g of phenolics at optimal condition solid to liquid ratio (1:30), temperature (30°C), and time (60 min). The radical scavenging activity of A. Tricolor and A. viridis shows 63.52% and 19.27%, respectively, by the DPPH method. The bioactive compounds 3,4,5-Trihydroxystilbene and caffeic acid were found in A. Tricolor, and in A. viridis it showed caffeic acid, which was identified using LC-MS/MS.

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Biochemical Characterization of Clinical Strains of Staphylococcus spp. and Their Sensitivity to Polyphenols-Rich Extracts from Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.)

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens7040082 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 82 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Erminia La Camera ◽

Carlo Bisignano ◽

Giuseppe Crisafi ◽

Antonella Smeriglio ◽

Marcella Denaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Total Phenols ◽

Clinical Strains ◽

Novel Treatments ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Staphylococcus Spp

We characterized a number of clinical strains of Staphylococcus spp. and investigated their sensitivity against polyphenols-rich extracts from natural raw and roasted pistachios (NPRE and RPRE, respectively). Out of 31 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus spp., 23 were coagulase-positive and identified as S. aureus, of which 21 were MRSA. Polyphenols-rich extracts from natural pistachios and roasted pistachios were prepared: the total phenols content, expressed as gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g fresh weight (FW), was higher in natural pistachios (359.04 ± 8.124 mg) than roasted pistachios (225.18 ± 5.055 mg). The higher total phenols content in natural pistachios also correlated to the higher free-radical scavenging activity found by DPPH assay: NPRE and RPRE showed IC50 values of 0.85 (C.L. 0.725–0.976 mg mL−1) and 1.15 (C.L. 0.920–1.275 mg mL−1), respectively. Both NPRE and RPRE were active against S. aureus 6538P and Staph. spp. clinical isolates, with RPRE being the most active (MIC values ranging between 31.25 and 2000 μg mL−1). The antimicrobial potential of pistachios could be used to identify novel treatments for S. aureus skin infections.

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Biochemical characterization of pink husked coconut types

Journal of Plantation Crops ◽

10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i1.7062 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 72-76

Author(s):

Regi J. Thomas ◽

M. Shareefa ◽

H. Harsha ◽

Anitha Karun

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenol Content ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Traditional Medicines ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Morphological Differences

Coconuts with various traits are available in different coconut growing countries. The pink husk is one such trait that has already been reported in coconut. There is a demand for tender nut water from pink husked types of coconut to treat hepatitis by traditional medicinal practitioners. Present studies were carried out to characterize pink husked types identified in Guam Tall variety of coconut. There were no morphological differences with respect to the nut characters between pink and non-pink husked types. Biochemical characterization of pink husked types revealed significantly higher total phenol content in the tender nut water of pink husked types than normal husked types. A significantly higher protein content of 86 mg 100 mL-1 was noted in pink husked type, compared to normal husked type with 58.7 mg 100 mL-1. Higher free radical scavenging activity based on DPPH assay with pink husked type was recorded with an IC50 value of 266.7 compared to normal type with an IC50 value of 358. Similarly, phosphomolybdate assay also revealed higher scavenging activity of pink husked type based on the IC50 value of 415.2 compared to 637.9 observed in normal husked type. Anthocyanin content of 25.98 mg 100g-1 fresh weight was noted in the exocarp of pink husked types, and it was negligible in normal husked type. These results justify the use of pink husked coconuts in various traditional medicines. There is tremendous potential for exploiting pink husked types of coconut in the pharmaceutical industry.

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Identifikasi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder, Uji Antimikroba dan Antioksidan Ekstrak Akar Gantung Hornstedtia Scyphifera Var. Fusiformis Holttum (Sijangkang)

Jurnal Riset Kimia ◽

10.25077/jrk.v10i2.335 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 94-98

Author(s):

Adlis Santoni ◽

Mai Efdi ◽

Akmel Suhada

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Endemic Plant ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Hexane Extracts

Hornstedtia scyphifera var. fusiformis Holttum is endemic plant of Zingiberaceae family that distributed in Sumatera. Hornstedtia scyphifera var. fusiformis Holttum contained some secondary metabolite such as phenolic, saponin, triterpenoid and alkaloid. The biological activity of methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts from Hornstedtia scyphifera var. fusiformis Holttum suspended roots was tested for antibacterial and antioxydant activity. Antioxidant activity was analized by DPPH method. The antibacterial activity was tested by used disk difussion method againts Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (gram-positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli (gram-negative bacteria). Almost all of Hornstedtia scyphifera var. fusiformis Holttum suspended roots extract were given antibacterial activity, nonetheless the biggest inhibition zone of Escherichia coli that was inhibited by n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts which have inhibition zone 10 mm at concentration 500 mg/L and also againts Staphylococcus aureus, the biggest inhibition by ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts which have inhibition zone 10.30 mm at concentration 500 mg/L. Among all extracts tested, methanol extract of the possessed moderate free radical scavenging activity with IC50 = 51.89 mg/L.

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Isolation and Characterization of Antimicrobial Compound from Stem Bark of Traditional Medicinal Plant Sonneratia apetala: Evaluation of their antimicrobial, Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Properties

Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjm.v38i1.55529 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Md Arifur Rahman ◽

Ahmed Abu Rus’d ◽

Md Enamul Haque

Keyword(s):

Brine Shrimp ◽

Soluble Fraction ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Chloroform Extract ◽

Free Radical Scavenging ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Isolation And Characterization

Sonneratia apetala (S. apetala) (Lythraceae) has been investigated for the isolation and characterization of antimicrobial compounds and evaluation of their biological activities. The chloroform extract of the stem bark and different partitionate of the chloroform extracts i.e. Petroleum ether soluble fraction (PESF), Ethyl acetate soluble fraction(EASF), Methanol soluble fraction(MSF) and aqueous soluble fractions (ASF) were subjected to different chromatographic techniques to isolate secondary metabolites. Successive chromatographic separation and purification yielded a total of two compounds identified and characterized as Taraxerone(1) and 5,8-dihydroxy- 6-methoxy-4,9-dioxo-1,3,4,9-tetrahydronaphthol[2,3-c]furan-1-yl acetate (2) by extensive proton NMR spectrum (1H-NMRspectrum) analysis. The different partitionate like PESF, EASF, MESF and ASF were subjected to screen their antimicrobial properties against some selected Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and fungi, brine shrimp lethality and antioxidant activities. The maximum zone of inhibition of chloroform extract was found against Pseudomonas sp. (16mm). All fractions showed more activity against Gram negative bacteria then Gram positive bacteria. In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, among all extracts, the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed significant lethality having the LC50 value of 7.72 μg/ml. The antioxidant activity was evaluated in terms of determination of free radical scavenging activity (DPPH assay). Among all the extracts of S. apetala the highest free radical scavenging activity showed by (Methanol soluble fraction) MESF with IC50 value 18.0 μg/ml. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 38, Number 1, June 2021, pp 1-5

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Phytochemical analysis, Antimicrobial, insecticidal and antiradical activity of Hydnocarpus pentandra (Buch.-Ham.) Oken

International Journal of Phytomedicine ◽

10.5138/09750185.2163 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 576

Author(s):

Prashith Kekuda TR ◽

Dunkana Negussa Kenie ◽

Chetan DM ◽

Raghavendra L Hallur

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Antiradical Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Extraction Process ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Bioactive Agents

Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate antimicrobial, insecticidal and radical scavenging activity of leaf extract of Hydnocarpus pentandra (Buch.-Ham.) Oken belonging to the family Achariaceae.Methods: Extraction process of shade dried and powdered leaf was carried out by maceration technique. Extract was screened for phytochemicals by standard tests. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of leaf extract was determined by Agar well diffusion and Poisoned food technique respectively. Antiradical activity of leaf extract was evaluated by two in vitro assays namely 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonate (ABTS) free radical scavenging assays. Insecticidal activity of leaf extract was determined against II instar and IV instar larvae of Aedes aegypti.Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, triterpenes and steroids in the leaf extract. Leaf extract exhibited marked inhibitory activity against Gram positive bacteria when compared to Gram negative bacteria. Bacillus cereus (zone of inhibition 1.86±0.05cm) and Escherichia coli (zone of inhibition 1.06±0.05cm) were inhibited to highest and least extent respectively. Extract was effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of seed-borne fungi. Among fungi, the susceptibility to extract was in the order: Curvularia sp. (53.64% inhibition) > Fusarium sp. (45.81% inhibition) > Alternaria sp. (35.08% inhibition). The extract exhibited concentration dependent larvicidal activity with marked activity being observed against II instar larvae (LC50 value 0.79mg/ml) when compared to IV instar larvae (LC50 value 1.37mg/ml). Leaf extract scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals dose dependently with an IC50 value of 13.91µg/ml and 6.03µg/ml respectively.Conclusions: The plant is shown to be an important source of bioactive agents. The observed bioactivities could be attributed to the phytochemicals present in the leaf extract. Further studies on characterization and bioactivity determination of isolated components from leaf extract are to be carried out.

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Properties of Ginkgo biloba L.: Antioxidant Characterization, Antimicrobial Activities, and Genomic MicroRNA Based Marker Fingerprints

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21093087 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (9) ◽

pp. 3087 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Katarína Ražná ◽

Zuzanna Sawinska ◽

Eva Ivanišová ◽

Nenad Vukovic ◽

Margarita Terentjeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ginkgo Biloba ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Bioactive Constituents ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Minimal Inhibition Concentration ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

Antioxidant Power

The aim of this study was to characterize extracts from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. from selected Slovakian localities in terms of the content of bioactive constituents, antioxidants and their antimicrobial properties. The results indicated that the content of antioxidants was sample-specific, and this specificity was statistically significant. Ginkgo biloba L. from the locality of Košice had the best activity determined by the free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) (1.545 mg Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)/g fresh matter (FM)) as well as the molybdenum-reducing antioxidant power (35.485 mg TEAC/g FM) methods. The highest content of total polyphenols (2.803 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g FM) and flavonoids (4.649 μg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g FM) was also detected in this sample. All samples of G. biloba leaf extracts showed significant antimicrobial activity against one or more of the examined bacterial species, and Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus CCM 2461 was found to be the most susceptible (minimal inhibition concentration MIC50 and MIC90 values of 64.2 and 72.2 µg/mL, respectively). Based on the results it was concluded that Ginkgo biloba L. extracts can be used as antimicrobial and antioxidant additives. Selected miRNA-based molecular markers were used to examine the environmental adaptability of Ginkgo biloba L. An almost-complete genotype clustering pattern based on locality was determined in the analysis that involved a species-specific gb-miR5261 marker. Morphologically specific exemplar, cv. Ohatsuki, was excluded.

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Antiradical Activities and Cytotoxic Effects of Phlomis Brevibracteata Turrill on SK-HEP-1 Adenocarcinoma Cell Line

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2251575 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (25) ◽

pp. 1575

Author(s):

Imge Kunter ◽

Niloofar Zabib ◽

Kelly Randmae ◽

Mahshid Dabeshlim ◽

Muberra Kosar

Keyword(s):

Cell Line ◽

Mtt Assay ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Endemic Plant ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Phenolic Extract

The present study investigates the total phenol amount, radical scavenging and anticancer activity of methanolic extract of Phlomis brevibracteata Turrill (PBT) leaves; an endemic plant of North Cyprus. The antiradical activity and cytotoxicity of 70% methanolic extract of PBT leaves were analyzed by the implementation of DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity tests and MTT assay, respectively. Our results showed significant antiradical scavenging activity in the total phenolic content of the PBT leaves. MTT assay proved potent cytotoxic activity against SK-HEP-1 cell line not only for 70% methanolic extract of PBT, but also for gallic acid and caffeic acid constituents of the total phenolic extract.

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Mangifera indica Bark Essential Oil: Chemical Composition and Biological Activities in Comparison with Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1801300730 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1934578X1801300

Author(s):

Gislaine Aurelie Kemegne ◽

Maximilienne Ascension Nyegue ◽

Sylvain Leroy Sado Kamdem ◽

François-Xavier Etoa ◽

Chantal Menut

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Total Phenols ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Ethanol Extracts

Ethnobotanic surveys have revealed the use of Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae) bark for the treatment of infectious diarrhea. The essential oil of M. indica bark is described for the first time for its chemical composition, radical scavenging activity (DPPH method) and antimicrobial properties. The total phenols content of its water and ethanol bark extracts as well as their radical scavenging and antimicrobial properties were also evaluated. Four commercial plant extracts were also studied for a comparison purpose. The antimicrobial activities were measured for all samples against three Gram (-): Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Shigella and two Gram (+): Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus bacteria. The M. indica bark essential oil was characterized by the association of two major sesquiterpenes: ( E)-β-caryophyllene (60.3%) and α-humulene (36.7%). It presented the lowest ratio of concentration to inhibition zone diameter on all the strains. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of M. indica bark were characterized by high contents of total phenols compounds and high radical scavenging activity compared to the essential oil. Finally, the interesting combination of the antibacterial and antiradical activities of the aqueous M. indica bark extract justifies the traditional use of this plant part in decoction form for the treatment of diarrheal infections.

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