Properties of Ginkgo biloba L.: Antioxidant Characterization, Antimicrobial Activities, and Genomic MicroRNA Based Marker Fingerprints

The aim of this study was to characterize extracts from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. from selected Slovakian localities in terms of the content of bioactive constituents, antioxidants and their antimicrobial properties. The results indicated that the content of antioxidants was sample-specific, and this specificity was statistically significant. Ginkgo biloba L. from the locality of Košice had the best activity determined by the free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) (1.545 mg Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)/g fresh matter (FM)) as well as the molybdenum-reducing antioxidant power (35.485 mg TEAC/g FM) methods. The highest content of total polyphenols (2.803 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g FM) and flavonoids (4.649 μg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g FM) was also detected in this sample. All samples of G. biloba leaf extracts showed significant antimicrobial activity against one or more of the examined bacterial species, and Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus CCM 2461 was found to be the most susceptible (minimal inhibition concentration MIC50 and MIC90 values of 64.2 and 72.2 µg/mL, respectively). Based on the results it was concluded that Ginkgo biloba L. extracts can be used as antimicrobial and antioxidant additives. Selected miRNA-based molecular markers were used to examine the environmental adaptability of Ginkgo biloba L. An almost-complete genotype clustering pattern based on locality was determined in the analysis that involved a species-specific gb-miR5261 marker. Morphologically specific exemplar, cv. Ohatsuki, was excluded.

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Inhibitory Effect of Antidesma bunius Fruit Extract on Carbohydrate Digestive Enzymes Activity and Protein Glycation In Vitro

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10010032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 32

Author(s):

Pattamaporn Aksornchu ◽

Netima Chamnansilpa ◽

Sirichai Adisakwattana ◽

Thavaree Thilavech ◽

Charoonsri Choosak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Digestive Enzyme ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Protein Glycation ◽

Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Ic50 Values

Antidesma bunius (L.) spreng (Mamao) is widely distributed in Northeastern Thailand. Antidesma bunius has been reported to contain anthocyanins, which possess antioxidant and antihypertensive actions. However, the antidiabetic and antiglycation activity of Antidesma bunius fruit extract has not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory activity of anthocyanin-enriched fraction of Antidesma bunius fruit extract (ABE) against pancreatic α-amylase, intestinal α-glucosidase (maltase and sucrase), protein glycation, as well as antioxidant activity. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) chromatogram revealed that ABE contained phytochemical compounds such as cyanidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, ellagic acid, and myricetin-3-galactoside. ABE inhibited intestinal maltase and sucrase activity with the IC50 values of 0.76 ± 0.02 mg/mL and 1.33 ± 0.03 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, ABE (0.25 mg/mL) reduced the formation of fluorescent AGEs and the level of Nε-carboxymethyllysine (Nε-CML) in fructose and glucose-induced protein glycation during four weeks of incubation. During the glycation process, the protein carbonyl and β-amyloid cross structure were decreased by ABE (0.25 mg/mL). In addition, ABE exhibited antioxidant activity through DPPH radical scavenging activity and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) with the IC50 values 15.84 ± 0.06 µg/mL and 166.1 ± 2.40 µg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) showed an EC50 value of 182.22 ± 0.64 µg/mL. The findings suggest that ABE may be a promising agent for inhibiting carbohydrate digestive enzyme activity, reducing monosaccharide-induced protein glycation, and antioxidant activity.

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Purification, Characterization, Prebiotic Preparations and Antioxidant Activity of Oligosaccharides from Mulberries

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24122329 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (12) ◽

pp. 2329 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Erna Li ◽

Shiyuan Yang ◽

Yuxiao Zou ◽

Weiwei Cheng ◽

Bing Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Average Molecular Weight ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Antioxidant Power

A water-soluble oligosaccharide termed EMOS-1a was prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of polysaccharides purified from mulberries by column chromatography. The chemical structure of the purified fraction was investigated by ultraviolet spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, which indicated that galactose was the main constituent of EMOS-1a. Chemical analyses showed that the uronic acid and sulfate content of EMOS-1a were 5.6% and 8.35%, respectively, while gel permeation chromatography showed that EMOS-1a had an average molecular weight of 987 Da. The antioxidant activities of EMOS-1a were next investigated, and EMOS-1a exhibited concentration-dependent 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. The level of proliferation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus reached 1420 ± 16% when 4% (w/v) EMOS-1a was added, where the number of colonies in MRS (de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe) medium with no added oligosaccharide was defined as 100% proliferation. These results indicate that the oligosaccharide EMOS-1a could be used as a natural antioxidant in prebiotic preparations.

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Determination of Flavonoid and Proanthocyanidin Profile of Hungarian Sour Cherry

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23123278 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (12) ◽

pp. 3278 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Andrea Nemes ◽

Erzsébet Szőllősi ◽

László Stündl ◽

Attila Biró ◽

Judit Homoki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Sour Cherry ◽

Fresh Fruit ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Trolox Equivalent

Hungarian sour cherries (SC) are excellent source of anthocyanin (concentrations (100–300 mg in 100 g fresh fruit) and melatonin (0.15 mg in 100 g fresh fruit), but other flavonoid derivatives also can be isolated by aqueous alcoholic extraction. We have developed a new process for extracting non-extractable procyanidines bound to the membrane, proteins, and fibers. These compounds were seperated with UHPLC-MS methods, and the structure of individual components were identified on the basis of their mass fragmentation spectra. The antioxidant capacity of soluble and non-soluble antioxidants were measured with ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays, and compared to the new measurement methods of water-soluble antioxidant capacity (ACW), lipid-soluble antioxidant capacity (ACL). Furthermore, total phenolic content (TPC) and total procyanidin content (PAC) were determinated. As a result of our investigation, we found that the solvent combination, where in the first step is water–ethanol (1:1), then 100% ethanol were suitable for the extraction of the extractable antioxidants. However, the chemiluminescence method that is based on the elimination of the superoxide radical is more accurate than other colorimetric methods which measure antioxidant capacity.

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Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum Structure Profile characterisation, and in vitro biological effect of Salvia officinalis L. Phytocompounds

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201021666201029152707 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Issam Saidi ◽

Fatma Guesmi ◽

Ramzi Amari ◽

Sana Ncib ◽

Najla Hfaiedh

Keyword(s):

Fourier Transform ◽

Free Radical ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Fourier Transform Infrared ◽

Salvia Officinalis ◽

Bioactive Constituents ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Scanning Electron

Background: The aims of this research is to investigate the potential activity of Salvia officinalis and various hairs responsible of secretion of essential oil. In Tunisia, biological activity of Salvia officinalis is poorly recorded. Salvia leaves contain various types of hairs (glandular and non-glandular). Methods: The investigation of different trichomes were carried out by scanning electron microscope (SEM) apparatus. Antiradical potential were assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Antimicrobial activity was analysed using disc diffusion assay. The extracts of Salvia officinalis (SvOf), showed the following order of richness in phenolic contents: methanolic (70.76 mg GAE/g DW), aqueous (43.76 mg GAE/g DW) and infusion (9.42 mg GAE/g DW). The methanolic fraction records the highest levels of flavonoids (77 mg QE/g DW) compared with the aqueous extracts (33.19 mg EQ/g DW) and infusion (26.25 mg EQ/g DW). ME-SvOf showed higher value of free radical scavenging activity towards DPPH free radical and ferric reducing power. Results: The results revealed that main bioactive constituents in the methanolic fractions of sage leaves generally exhibited higher antibacterial effects. Overall, sage phytocompounds constitute a promising approach for the treatment of infectious diseases. Discussion: Functional groups detected in S. officinalis by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) were mainly phenols, saccharides, amine and aromatic (Ar-H). Conclusion: Antiradical and antibacterial activities of Salvia officinalis are mainly due to phenolic content and other bioactive compounds. Non-glandular hairs are the most important trichomes in the Salvia leaves.

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Costus aferPossesses Carbohydrate Hydrolyzing Enzymes Inhibitory Activity and Antioxidant CapacityIn Vitro

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/987984 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Armelle D. Tchamgoue ◽

Lauve R. Y. Tchokouaha ◽

Protus A. Tarkang ◽

Jules-Roger Kuiate ◽

Gabriel A. Agbor

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽

Hydrolyzing Enzymes

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of glucose metabolism which correlates with postprandial hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Control of blood glucose level is imperative in the management of diabetes. The present study tested the hypothesis thatCostus afer, an antihyperglycemic medicinal plant, possesses inhibitory activity against carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes. Hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts were prepared from the leaf, stem, and rhizome ofC. aferand subjected to phytochemical screening, assayed forα-amylase andα-glucosidase inhibitory activities and antioxidant capacity (determined by total phenolic and total flavonoids contents, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and DPPH radical scavenging activity). All extracts inhibitedα-amylase andα-glucosidase activities. Ethyl acetate rhizome and methanol leaf extracts exhibited the best inhibitory activity againstα-amylase andα-glucosidase (IC50: 0.10 and 5.99 mg/mL), respectively. Kinetic analysis revealed two modes of enzyme inhibition (competitive and mixed). All extracts showed antioxidant capacity, with hexane extracts exhibiting the best activity. DPPH assay revealed that methanol leaf, rhizome, and ethyl acetate stem extracts (IC50< 5 mg/mL) were the best antioxidants. The presence of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, and tannins may account for the antioxidant capacity and carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme inhibitory activity ofC. afer.

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Estimation of Cholinesterase Inhibitory and Antioxidant Effects of the Leaf Extracts of Anatolian Ficus carica var. domestica and their Total Phenol and Flavonoid Contents

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1100600315 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 1934578X1100600 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ilkay Erdogan Orhan ◽

Osman Üstün ◽

Bilge Şener

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Chloroform Extract ◽

Total Phenol ◽

Ficus Carica ◽

Cholinesterase Inhibition ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Antioxidant Power

Ficus carica var. domestica Tsch. & Rav. (common fig) is widely grown in Turkey and exported for its edible fruits. In this study, the n-hexane, chloroform, acetone, methanol, n-butanol, and water extracts of the leaves of F. carica var. domestica were screened for their cholinesterase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Cholinesterase inhibition against acetyl- (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was measured by the spectrophotometric method of Ellman at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL., while antioxidant activity was tested using three in vitro methods; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, metal-chelation capacity, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Total phenol and flavonoid contents of the extracts were determined spectrophotometrically. Our results revealed that the n-hexane and acetone extracts exerted a notable inhibition against both AChE (62.9±0.9% and 50.8±2.1%, respectively) and BChE (76.9±2.2% and 45.6±1.3%, respectively). However, they had low activity in the antioxidant tests. The chloroform extract was found to be the richest in total flavonoid content (252.5±1.1 mg/g quercetin equivalent), while the n-butanol extract had the highest total phenol amount (85.9±3.2 mg/g extract gallic acid equivalent).

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Hydrolysable Tannins and Biological Activities of Meriania hernandoi and Meriania nobilis (Melastomataceae)

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24040746 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 746

Author(s):

Claudia Valverde Malaver ◽

Ana Colmenares Dulcey ◽

Carlos Rial ◽

Rosa Varela ◽

José Molinillo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Wheat Coleoptile ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Hydrolysable Tannins ◽

Nmr Techniques ◽

First Time ◽

Dpph Radical Scavenging

A bio-guided study of leaf extracts allowed the isolation of two new macrobicyclic hydrolysable tannins, namely merianin A (1) and merianin B (2), and oct-1-en-3-yl β-xylopyranosyl-(1”-6’)-β-glucopyranoside (3) from Meriania hernandoi, in addition to 11 known compounds reported for the first time in the Meriania genus. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses including one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques and mass spectrometry. The bioactivities of the compounds were determined by measuring the DPPH radical scavenging activity and by carrying out antioxidant power assays (FRAP), etiolated wheat coleoptile assays and phytotoxicity assays on the standard target species Lycopersicum esculentum W. (tomato). Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited the best free radical scavenging activities, with FRS50 values of 2.0 and 1.9 µM, respectively.

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Free radical-scavenging activity of sequential leaf extracts of Embothrium coccineum

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.1515/biol-2015-0027 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Miguel Leyton ◽

Marco Mellado ◽

Carlo Jara ◽

Iván Montenegro ◽

Sebastian González ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Dermal Fibroblast ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Growth Inhibition Assay ◽

Antioxidant Power

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of phenolic, flavonoid, and anthraquinones from sequential extracts (n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol) of Embothrium coccineum leaves on the antioxidant capacity, cell viability, and toxicity of the same, in order to find possible sources for novel antioxidants for food and pharmaceutical formulations. Antioxidant potential of sequential extracts was analyzed by five different assays: 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity assay (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (H2O2), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP). An in vitro growth inhibition assay was performed using sulphorhodamine dye to quantify cell viability, while an in vivo brine shrimp lethality test was used to quantify toxicity. The dichloromethane extract has a greater efficiency in scavenging free radicals, combined with low toxicity, and no effect exhibited on healthy cells, compared to observations for the other extracts tested. Further research is in progress to identify and separate the active compounds of active extracts and investigate the protective effect of extracts on human dermal fibroblast injury induced by hydrogen peroxide.

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Investigation of In-Vitro Antioxidant and Electrochemical Activities of Isolated Compounds from Salvia chamelaeagnea P.J.Bergius Extract

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8040098 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 98 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ninon G.E.R. Etsassala ◽

Adewale O. Adeloye ◽

Ali El-Halawany ◽

Ahmed A. Hussein ◽

Emmanuel I. Iwuoha

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Cape Floristic Region ◽

Carnosic Acid ◽

Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Medicinal Uses ◽

Age Related

We have investigated the in-vitro antioxidant activity and electrochemical redox properties of a number of natural compounds (carnosol, carnosic acid, 7-ethoxyrosmanol, ursolic acid, rosmanol and ladanein) isolated from the methanolic extract of Salvia chamelaeagnea collected from the Cape floristic region, South Africa. The results from trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric-ion reducing antioxidant parameter (FRAP) oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), as well as the inhibition of Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation showed strong antioxidant capacities for carnosol and rosmanol. A structural analysis of the compounds suggests that multiple OH substitution, conjugation and lactone ring in carnosol and rosmanol are important determinants of the free radical scavenging activity and electrochemical behavior. Pharmacophore generated demonstrates H-donor/acceptor capabilities of the most active compounds. Rosmanol, when compared to other compounds, exhibits the lowest oxidation potential value with an anodic peak potential (Epa) value of 0.11 V, indicating that rosmanol has the highest antioxidant power, which is in good agreement with ORAC and lipid peroxidation experiments. The lipophilic nature of carnosol, carnosic acid and rosmanol enhanced their absorption and activity against oxidative stress related to the treatment of age-related diseases. These results confirm the first report on the in-vitro antioxidant and electrochemical activities of S. chamelaeagnea constituents and underline the medicinal uses of this plant as natural preservatives for skin ageing or in pharmaceutical applications.

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Properties of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Phenolic Profiles of Şevketi Bostan (Cnicus benedictus L.) Cultivated in Aegean Region from Turkey

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v5i4.308-314.1054 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 308 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Zehra Can ◽

Nimet Baltaş ◽

Saban Keskin ◽

Oktay Yıldız ◽

Sevgi Kolaylı

Keyword(s):

Xanthine Oxidase ◽

High Performance ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Phenolic Profiles ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽

Anti Inflammatory

The aim of this work was to evaluate the phenolic profiles and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and gastro-protective activities of Cnicus benedictus L., a type of milk thistle cultivated in Turkey. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity was measured to determine antioxidant capacity. The anti-urease and anti-xanthine oxidase activities were used to determine the gastro-protective and anti-inflammatory potential of the plant extracts, respectively. The TPC was 337.40 and 635.10 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g and TFC was 41.05 -119.12 mg of quercetin equivalents (QE)/100 g in the root and leaf extracts, respectively. The root and leaf extracts of Cnicus benedictus L., were exhibited different inhibition values against both of the enzymes. The inhibition effect of the both enzymes were calculated as IC50 (mg/mL) in terms of 50% inhibition of the enzymes. The xanthine oxidase activity of the leaf and root was 18.53 and 19.75 mg/mL and the urease activity were 2.29 mg/mL and 11.53 mg/mL, respectively. Fifteen phenolic compounds were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV). Vanillic, silibinin B, ferulic acid and rutin were found major amount of the plant. In conclusion, the plant have high potential beneficial nutraceuticals and consumption of the together with its roots and leafs will be beneficial in terms of nutrition.

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