scholarly journals Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Hydroquinone in Face Cream with TLC and HPLC Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Rahma Dona
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Chemical Compound ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Black Spots ◽  
The Face ◽  
Materials Used

Hydroquinone is a chemical compound widely used in cosmetics that acts as a removal of black spots/spots on the face. The use of hydroquinone in cosmetics, according to BPOM regulations, is only allowed with a maximum level of 2%. Excessive use of hydroquinone can cause pigment abnormalities in the face. The materials used in this study were hydroquinone BPFI, 96% ethanol, absolute ethanol, sodium sulfate, methanol (HPLC grade), aquadest, ethyl acetate, and face cream samples (X and Y). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of hydroquinone content in both face cream samples was carried out by TLC and HPLC methods. The results of the qualitative analysis by TLC on both face cream samples (X and Y creams) showed that both samples had the same Rf value 1as the standard hydroquinone Rf while the HPLC chromatogram results of both samples had the same retention time as the standard hydroquinone. Simultaneously, the results of quantitative analysis on cream X samples contained hydroquinone of 3.06% and Y cream of 4.15%. From these results, both face cream samples positive contained hydroquinone with levels> 2%.

scholarly journals Influences of Polymeric Magnetic Encapsulated Nanoparticles on the Adhesive Layer for Composite Materials Used for Class I Dental Fillings

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Zaharia ◽  
Cosmin Sinescu ◽  
Alin-Gabriel Gabor ◽  
Vlad Socoliuc ◽  
Serban Talpos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Adhesive Layer ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Dental Adhesives ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Dental Fillings ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Encapsulated Nanoparticles

The main properties of dental adhesives should be good marginal adaptation, high retention strength and the possibility of not negatively influencing clinical sustainability. Dental adhesives are continuously improving to increase their retention to dental structures by increasing penetration in these structures, as it was shownin the in-vitro tests requiring imaging and qualitative analysis to allow the evaluation of experimental samples as well as the development of new materials. The main objective of this study is the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the layer of modified dental adhesives with ferrous nanoparticles encapsulated in a SiO2 membrane located between the surface of the dental preparation and the surface of the photopolymerizable composite filling. For qualitative and quantitative analysis of the samples, technologies such as SEM, optical microscopy and EDX were used.

MEMIKAT HATI WAJIB PAJAK SEHINGGA MEMILIKI WILLINGNESS TO COMPLY MELALUI PENYULUHAN PAJAK BERDASARKAN FOGG BEHAVIORAL MODEL

INFO ARTHA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 56-79
Author(s):  
NFN Khusnaini ◽  
Agung Widi Hatmoko
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Experimental Process

Attitudes towards tax compliance (willingness to comply) Indonesian society is still low. Required an innovative tax dissemination to increase it. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the tax dissemination based on Fogg Behavioral Model (FBM) approach may increase wiliingness to comply. The FBM based tax dissemination asserts that for a person to perform a target behavior, which is a willingness to comply, he or she must be sufficiently motivated, have the ability to perform the behavior, and be trigerred, to perform the behavior. This research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis of statistical data results of the questionnaire, interviews, and observations of the respondent and the experimental process of dissemination. The method used in this study is a quasi experimental with patterns of nonequivalent control group (pretest-post which is not equivalent). Based on the results of data analysis, interviews and observations of the respondent and the experiment, this research showed that theFBMbasedtaxdissemination hasapositiveimpactto willingnesstocomplyofthetaxpayers. 

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